英语阅读理解正确项与干扰项的特点.docx

英语阅读理解正确项与干扰项的特点.docx

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英语阅读理解正确项与干扰项的特点

英语阅读理解正确项与干扰项的特点

高考英语阅读理解专题复习

—英语阅读理解正确选项与干扰选项的特点

第一节正确选项往往是根据原文的词或句进行语意转换

一般来说,阅读理解测试中要求找出主要事实或特定细节的问题,在文章中均可找到回答。

但是,需要注意的是,这些问题的表述常常不是采用文章中的原话,而是根据原文的词或句进行语意转换。

一、利用原文词句的同义词句或相似结构，转换表达形式。

【考例1】

Shrilkhasgreatpotential,theinventorssaid.Materialsfromwhichitismadeareplentifulinnature,foundineverythingrangingfromshrimpshells,insectbodiestolivingplants.Thatmakesshrilklowcost,anditsmassproductionpossibleshoulditbeusedforproductsdemandingalotofmaterial.（2012湖南卷C篇）

68.Accordingtotheinventors,shrilkhasgreatpotentialpartlybecause_____.

A.itcanhelpplasticdegradeB.itcanbefoundinlivingthings

C.itsmassproductionhasbeenrealizedD.itsrawmaterialsareabundantinmature

【考例2】

“WeshowthatEasternersandWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressions,”Jacksaid.“Westernerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglect（忽略）themouth”（2010湖南卷C篇）

ThediscoveryshowsthatWesterners_______.

A.payequalattentiontotheeyesandthemouth

B.considerfacialexpressionsuniversallyreliable

C.observetheeyesandthemouthindifferentways

D.havemoredifficultyinrecognizingfacialexpressions

二、利用原文词句的反义词或相反结构，转换表达形式。

【考例3】Yetdespitethat,readingisincreasinglyunpopularamongchildren.Accordingtostatisticsin199723%saidtheydidn’tlikereadinginall.In2003,35%did.Andaround6%ofchildrenleaveprimaryschooleachyearunabletoreadproperly.（2007山东B）

Statisticssuggestedthat_______.

A.thenumberoftopstudentsincreasedwiththeuseofcomputers

B.adecreasingnumberofchildrenshowedinterestinreading

C.aminorityofprimacyschoolchildrenreadproperly

D.ahugepercentageofchildrenreadregularly

【考例4】WhenIputonmyflashlights,Iwassayingtootherdrivers,“Ihaveaproblemhere.IamweakanddoingthebestIcan.”Andeveryoneunderstood.…insteadofgettingimpatientandangry,theywaited,knowingthedriverinfrontofthemwasinsomewayweak.（2011广东卷A）

Whatdidtheotherdriversdowhentheysawtheflashlights?

A.Theyspeeduptopass.B.Theywaitedwithpatience.

C.Theytriedtheirbesttohelp.D.Theyputontheirflashlightstoo.

三、通过词性变化，转换表达的形式

【考例5】ZackHocking,theheadofChildTrustFunds,said:

“It’spossiblethatonegoodthingtoarisefromthedownturnwillbeagenerationthat’sfinanciallywiserandbetterequippedtomanagetheirmoneythroughtimesofeconomicuncertainty.”（2009山东D）

AccordingtoHocking,theglobaleconomiccrisismightmaketheyoungsters.

A.wiserinmoneymanagementB.haveaccesstobetterequipment

C.confidentabouttheirfuturecareersD.getjobsinChildTrustFunds

四、使用原文的词句的上下义结构，转换表达形式。

【考例6】Universityapplicationsrose7%lastyear,buttherewererisesaboveaverageinseveralsubjects.Nursingsawa15%jump,withpeople’srenewedinterestincareersinthepubicsector（部门）,whichareseenasmoresecureineconomiccrisis.（2009山东D）

Careersinthepublicsectoraremoreattractivebecauseoftheir_____.

A.greaterstabilityB.higherpayC.fewerapplicationsD.betterreputation

第二节英语阅读理解干扰项的设置特点分析

通过分析干扰项的设置特点可以为我们提供思考的方向。

常用的干扰手段有哪些。

干扰项的如下特点：

（一）偷梁换柱。

干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。

【考例1】

（2011湖南卷A篇）Whenfirstentered,VanakRestaurantdoesnotlooklikemuchofarestaurant,butoncethepleasantsmellsofkabob（烤肉串）hitthesenses,youareincapableofcallingitanythingless.

Ownedbyalocalcouple,thisPersianrestauranthasaninviting,homelikeatmospherethat

Manyrestaurantslack.

Thespaceissmallwithonlyafewdiningtablesandnearlynodecoration,butenvironmentistrulycharming.

56.Whenfirstenteringtherestaurant,onecanfindthat.

A.issplendidlydecoratedB.haspleasantsmellsofkabobs

C.iscrowdedwithdiningtablesD.lookslikeacommonrestaurant

【考例2】

（2011湖南卷A篇）AcommonsightisthatofoldPersianmensittinginthecornertalkingloudlyaboutworldtopics,watchingnewseventsonTV,drinkingablackteaknownasPersianchai,andreadinglocalPersiannewspapersallthewhiletryingtofinishofftheirplatespiledwithfood..

57.Whatactivityisalsomentionedapartfromdiningintherestaurant?

A.WatchingnewseventsonTV.B.Drinkingakindofblackcoffee.

C.ReadinglocalEnglishnewspapers.D.Discussingworldtopicsinlowvoices.

（二）在推理判断中利用词的表面意义来设置干扰

推理判断要求在理解原文表面信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义，要注意不能以文字的表面含义代替推理。

【考例1】

（2010湖南卷B）Butshehasn'talwayspracticedwhatsheteaches.Inherbook,shedescribesthatawfulday,almost40yearsago,whenshereceivedtwopiecesoflife-changingnews.First,shehadlostthebabyshewascarrying,andsecond,testsshowedthatshehaddiabetes.Inachildlikeact,sheleftthehospitalandtreatedherselftoaboxofdoughnuts（甜甜圈）.Yearswouldpassbeforesherealizedshehadtogrowup—again—andtakecontrolofherdiabetes,notletitcontrolher.Onlythendidshekickherthree-pack-a-daycigarettehabit,overcomeheraddictiontoalcohol,andbegintofollowabalanceddiet.

WhenMaryreceivedthelife-changingnews,she_________.

A.lostcontrolofherselfB.beganabalanceddiet

C.triedtogetatreatmentD.behavedinanadultway

【考例2】

…McKay’swarrecordsweredestroyedduringaWorldWarIIairbombingonLondon—anexplanationforwhyhewasallbutforgotten.

Butnow,thankstotheeffortsofBroadandhisstudents,amarkerinMcKay’smemorywasplacedontheuniversitygroundsinNovember2007.“IfoundmyeyesfillingwithtearsasIreadtheword‘deceased’（阵亡）nexttohisname,”saidCoreyEverrett,astudentwhofoundapictureofMckayinhisuniform.“Thiswassuchasimpleexampleofthefactthathehadbeenastudentjustlikeus,butinsteadoffinishinghistimeatWestern,hechosetofightanddieforhiscountry.”（2009湖南卷）

WecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatMcKay________.

A.preferredfighttohisstudyB.wenttowarbeforegraduation

C.leftapictureforCoreyEverrettD.setanexampleforhisfellowstudents

【考例3】

（2009湖北）Afewyearsago,PaulGernerbegantogatheragroupofarchitectsinLasvegastoaskthemwhatitwouldtaketodesignapublicschoolthatused50percentlessenergy,costmuchlesstobuildandobviouslyimprovedstudentlearning.”Ithinkhalfofthemfellofftheirchairs,”Gernersays.

HowdidthearchitectsreacttoGarner’sdesignrequirements?

A.Theylostbalanceinexcitement.B.theyshowedstrongdisbelief.

C.theyexpressedlittleinterest.D.theyburstintocheers.

【考例4】

Isuddenlyheardanelephantcryingasthoughfrightened.Lookingdown,Iimmediatelyrecognizedthatsomethingwaswrong,andrandowntotheedgeofthenearbank.ThereIsawMaShwewithherthree-month-oldcalfstrugglinginthefast-risingwater,anditwasalife-and-deathstruggle.

Hercalfwasfloatingandscreamingwithfear.……Thenwithahugeeffort,shepickeditupinhertrunkandtrieduntilshewasabletoplacethecalfonanarrowshelfofrock.

Justatthismoment,shefellbackintotheriver.Ifshewerecarrieddown,itwouldbecertaindeath.Iknew,aswellasshedid,thattherewasonespotwhereshecouldgetupthebank,butitwasontheothersidefromwhereshehadputhercalf.

WhileIwaswonderingwhatIcoulddonext,Iheardthesoundofamother’slove.MaShwehadcrossedtheriverandgotupthebankandwasmakingherwaybackasfastasshecould,roaring（吼叫）allthetime,buttohercalfitwasmusic.（2009宁夏）

Howdidthecalffeelaboutthemotherelephant'sroaring?

A.Itwasagreatcomfort.B.Itwasasignofdanger.

C.Itwasacallforhelp.D.Itwasamusicalnote.

（三）以偏概全。

把文章中的事实和细节当主旨，把片面的、次要的观点当成主要观点。

在猜测文章或段落大意、标题以及释义题中，干扰项总是以偏概全，具体表现为:

（1）把文章中的次要观点、细节混进体现文章主要观点、中心思想的选项

（2）把超过文章讨论的东西亦作为归纳或结论混进选项。

（3）把段落的主旨当作文章的主旨。

【考例1】

Thereisasimpleeconomicprincipleusedtodetermineprices.Itiscalledthelawofsupplyanddemand.Supplymeanstheamountof,oraccessto,certaingoods.Demandrepresentsthenumberofpeoplewhowantthosegoods.Iftherearemoregoodsthanwanted,thepriceofthemfalls.Ontheotherhand,ifthedemandforthosegoodsismuchgreaterthanthesupply,thenpricerises.Ofcoursemanufacturersprefertosellmoregoodsatincreasedprices.

ThemainpurposeofthisParagraphistotellusthat_______.

A.EconomicPrinciplesB.LawofSupplyandDemand

C.MoreGoods,LowerPricesD.FewerGoods,HigherPrices

【考例2】

Thereisnonecessaryconnectionbetweenthesymbolandthatwhichitstandsfor.Justassocialpositionscanbesymbolizedbyfeatherswornonthehead,bygoldonthewatchchain,orbyathousandotherthingsaccordingtotheculturewelivein,sothefactofbeinghungrycanbesymbolizedbyathousanddifferentnoisesaccordingtotheculturewelivein.（2005北京D）

WhatcanweconcludefromParagraph2?

A.Differentnoisemaymeandifferentthings.

B.Ourculturedetermineswhatasymbolstandsfor.

C.Thelanguageweusesymbolizesoursocialpositions.

D.Oursocialpositionsdeterminethewaywearedressed.

【考例3】

ItseemsthattheEnglishmenjustcannotlivewithoutsportsofsomekind.AfamousFrenchhumoristoncesaidthatthisisbecausetheEnglishinsistonbehavinglikechildrenalltheirlives.Whereveryougointhiscountry,youwillseebothchildrenandgrown-upsknockingaballaboutwithastickorsomething,asifinBritainmenshallalwaysremainboysandwomengirls!

Still,itcanneverbebadtogetexercise,canit?

ThemainpurposeofParagraph1istotellusthattheEnglish_______.

A.areallsportsloversB.behavelikechildren

C.liketokickaballaroundD.remainyoungbygettingexercise

（四）