1、常用词根词缀.常用词性后缀名词后缀-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker,debtor-acy,表示/性质,状态,境遇/democracy,accuracy,diplomacy-ance,-ence表示/性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度/importance,diligence,difference,obedience-ancy,-ency,表示/性质,状态,行为,过程/frequency,urgency,efficiency-dom,表示/等级,领域,状态/freedom,kingdom,wisdom-hood,表示/资格,身份,年纪,状态/chil
2、dhood,manhood,falsehood-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示/行为的过程,结果,状况/action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction-ism,表示/制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为/socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism-ity,表示/性质,状态,程度/purity,reality,ability,calamity-ment,表示/行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishm
3、ent,argument-ness,表示/性质,状态,程度/goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness-ship,表示/情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业/hardship,membership,friendship-th,表示/动作,性质,过程,状态/depth,wealth,truth,length,growth-tude,表示/性质,状态,程度/latitude,altitude(海拔)-ure,表示/行为,结果/exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续)“学术”-grapy,表示/学,写法/biography,c
4、alligraphy,geography-ic,ics,表示/学法/logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics-ology,表示/学论/biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)-nomy,表示/学术/astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)形容词后缀“属性,倾向,相关”-able,-ible,visible,flexible-ent,-antviolent-al-ar-ary-ac,ical-ingN-ishfoolish,bookish,selfish(注意accomplish,vanish)-iveactive,
5、sensitive,productive-ory“想像,类似”-ish-ly-like-lymanly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly-some-y“充分”-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various-ent,violent“方向”-ern,eastern.western-ward,downward“倍数”-ble,double,treble-ple,triple-fold,twofold,tenfold-most,foremost,topmost-
6、less,表示否定countless,stainless,wireless-iorinterior动词后缀-ize,ise,表示/做成,变成,化/modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize-en,表示/使成为,引起,使有/quicken,weaken,soften,harden-fy,表示/使化,使成/beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify-ish,表示/使,令/finish,abolish,diminish,establish-ate(-adj),表示/成为,处理,作用/separate,operate,in
7、dicate副词后缀(adj)-ly:badbadly坏地,恶劣地,carefulcarefully小心地-wise(OE):clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);likelikewise同样地-wards/ward:outoutwards向外面地,northnorthwards向北方地inward内心的纯否定no-non-in-/im/il/irdis-un-neg-错误,坏等否定mal-miss-相反,对立anti-/antcontra-/contro-/counterob-/ab-共同,相等co-/con-/com-/col/cor-sy-/syn-/syl-
8、/sym-equa-/equi-方向,到达adacabafagalaparasat附近,周围by-para-小Mini-,micro.,-ette(cigarette,cassette)-et,(wallet,ballet,pocke,ticket)大Macro,magn-mega-grand-maj-/max-/may-以前,前面Ante-/anti-(anticipant,antique,antecedents,ancient,)fore-for-pro-pre-之后,后面After-ex-back-post-超过,上Super/sup-over-upextra-下Sub-under-vi
9、ce-down-外面Out-ex-/ec-/ef/es-内Interr-in-/il-/im-/ir-具有多种词性的英语后缀具有名词与形容词两种词性的后缀:-al形容词:personal,parental,natural名词:refusal,proposal,approval,denial,survival,trial-tive形容词:active,passive,positive,negative名词:detective,representative代表、代表的,relative亲戚,相关的例句:Successisarelativeterm,itbringssomanyrelatives.-
10、byBernardShaw-ant形容词:ignorant,assistant,attendant服务员buoyant-buoy(浮标,救生圈)+ant-有浮力的,轻快的buoy-bu(来源于bubble气泡,拟声词)+oy(小东西)boy小男孩名词:examinant主考官,applicant申请者,servant,participant-ent形容词:existent,dependent,emergent名词:resident,patient,solvent溶剂,detergent洗洁精,去污剂-ic形容词:periodic,cubic,magnetic磁性的,electronic名词:c
11、ritic评论者、批评家,mechanic技工、机械师,logic逻辑,rhetoric修辞学-ine形容词:feminine女性的、阴柔的,nervine神经的,reverine河流的名词:heroine,doctrine教义,routine程序、常规,concubine妾、姘妇Concubine-con+cub(cube立方,cubby小房间)+ine-ar形容词:familiar,similar,linear线性的,peculiar奇特的名词:scholar学者,liar说谎者,peddler小贩子,burglar夜贼hamburger到KFC偷汉堡的人-ory/-ary形容词:advi
12、sory忠告的,contradictory矛盾的,imaginary,elementary名词:inventory库存目录(invent找到,发明库存目录就是让你找到需要的存货)dormitory-dorm+itory-睡觉的地方词根dormant休眠的,休眠火山dormantvolcano,潜伏期dormantperiod;domicile住宅,住所;dormitive安眠药-atory场所Observatory天文台Laboratory实验室Lavatory盥洗室lav-流动lava岩浆lavisha.非常丰富的,浪费的v.lavishon浪费dictionary,piscary=fish
13、ery捕鱼场p-f互换-ile形容词agile-ag(act)+ile-可以动的-引申为灵活的ductile-duct引导+ile易延展的introduce介绍,引入。conduct完全引导1)指导,管理;2)行为fertile肥沃的辨析:conference,reference,deference,inferencejuvenile-juven(junior)+ile年轻的fragile-frag(fracture)+ile-易碎的flexile-flex(flic折叠)-可弯曲的,引申为可变通的servile-奴性的名词Missile-miss发送+ile物体-导弹Textile-text
14、(编织)+ile-纺织品Context-把文字编织在一起-上下文语境Pretext(笔)-提前编织好-借口=excuse(口)AutomobileDomicile-dom(dormitory)-住宅,住所同时具有形容词与动词含义的后缀-ish1)具有.性质的(通常为贬义)bookish书呆子气的辨析:childish,childly,childlikemanish,manly,manlike2)稍微的coldish,yellowish偏黄的3)语言English,Finish,Spanish4)动词establish,diminish使缩小,vanish消失,flourish使繁荣,使兴旺具有
15、三种词性的后缀-ly同时具有副词,名词与形容词与含义副词:namely,similarly,badly严重的、恶劣的80形容词:weekly,friendly,homely,costly10%名词:weekly周刊,monthly月刊,quarterly季刊10%请问ate-是什么词性?大多数人认为,ate结尾的单词一定是动词,其实还有许多-ate结尾的单词还可能是形容词,名词。根据统计,他们的分布大约是:1)动词70accelerate加速,differentiate区分,originate起源2)形容词15moderate,fortunate,private,considerate,pas
16、sionate3)名词15graduate(grade+uate-一级一级的攀登-大学本科毕业生)certificate-cert(certain肯定,确定)+ificate-肯定你的成绩-证书e.g.出生证明辨析:diploma-di二+plo(plic折叠)+ma(名词)-对折的一张纸-毕业文凭candidate(穿白衣服的人)delegate(de强调+leg法律+ate-被委托以法律的权利的人-n代表;v授权),magistrate(mag+istrate-地方的大人-地方官员)punctual表示准时的来源pin针尖,大头针(personalidentificationnumber)
17、pen钢笔,有针尖pinch掐一下,就像被针扎了一下。pine松树(树叶是针尖)pineapple(长刺的苹果:菠萝)point(箭头)指向pink1)刺2)皮肤被刺以后变成粉红penalpunishpunch打针孔punchyourcard打卡punctual准时的pungent1)(气味等)刺鼻的2)(言词、文字等)尖刻的,严厉的-核心意思:针尖词本无义义由境生nocontext,notext.Spin梭子,高速转动spine(长刺的骨头脊椎)-单词后面加e没有意义,只是表示i的元音发音。spinal脊椎的spinster-spin(梭子)+ster(star星星引申为多)-老处女oldsinglewoman在英国,女孩也要在家拿梭子织布,织坏了一个梭子就把它挂在门口,表示她既能干,又成熟了。如果一个女人家的门口挂的梭子像星星一样多,说明她一直都没有嫁出去所以叫做老处女。英语常用根表 词 -
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