常用词根词缀.docx
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常用词根词缀
......常用词性后缀
名词后缀
-or/er/ess/crat/cis:
做某件事情或职业的人或物:
worker,debtor
-acy,表示/性质,状态,境遇/democracy,accuracy,diplomacy
-ance,-ence表示/性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度/importance,diligence,difference,obedience
-ancy,-ency,表示/性质,状态,行为,过程/frequency,urgency,efficiency
-dom,表示/等级,领域,状态/freedom,kingdom,wisdom
-hood,表示/资格,身份,年纪,状态/childhood,manhood,falsehood
-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示/行为的过程,结果,状况/action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction
-ism,表示/制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为/socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism
-ity,表示/性质,状态,程度/purity,reality,ability,calamity
-ment,表示/行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument
-ness,表示/性质,状态,程度/goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness
-ship,表示/情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业/hardship,membership,friendship
-th,表示/动作,性质,过程,状态/depth,wealth,truth,length,growth
-tude,表示/性质,状态,程度/latitude,altitude(海拔)
-ure,表示/行为,结果/exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续)
“学术”
-grapy,表示/……学,写法/biography,calligraphy,geography
-ic,ics,表示/……学……法/logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics
-ology,表示/……学……论/biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)
-nomy,表示/……学……术/astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)
形容词后缀
“属性,倾向,相关”
-able,-ible,visible,flexible
-ent,-antviolent
-al
-ar
-ary
-ac,ical
-ing
N-ishfoolish,bookish,selfish(注意accomplish,vanish)
-iveactive,sensitive,productive
-ory
“想像,类似”
-ish
-ly
-like
-lymanly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly
-some
-y
“充分”
-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful
-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various
-ent,violent
“方向”
-ern,eastern.western
-ward,downward
“倍数”
-ble,double,treble
-ple,triple
-fold,twofold,tenfold
-most,foremost,topmost
-less,表示否定countless,stainless,wireless
--iorinterior
动词后缀
-ize,ise,表示/做成,变成,……化/modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize
-en,表示/使成为,引起,使有/quicken,weaken,soften,harden
-fy,表示/使……化,使成/beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify
-ish,表示/使,令/finish,abolish,diminish,establish
-ate(-adj),表示/成为……,处理,作用/separate,operate,indicate
副词后缀
(adj)-ly:
bad→badly坏地,恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地
-wise(OE):
clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地
-wards/ward:
out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地inward内心的
纯否定no-non-in-/im/il/irdis-un-neg-
错误,坏等否定mal-miss-
相反,对立anti-/antcontra-/contro-/counterob-/ab-
共同,相等co-/con-/com-/col/cor-sy-/syn-/syl-/sym-equa-/equi-
方向,到达adacabafagalaparasat
附近,周围by-para-
小Mini-,micro.,-ette(cigarette,cassette)-et,(wallet,ballet,pocke,ticket)
大Macro,magn-mega-grand-maj-/max-/may-
以前,前面Ante-/anti-(anticipant,antique,antecedents,ancient,)fore-for-pro-pre-
之后,后面After-ex-back-post-
超过,上Super/sup-over-upextra-
下Sub-under-vice-down-
外面Out-ex-/ec-/ef/es-
内Interr-in-/il-/im-/ir-
具有多种词性的英语后缀
具有名词与形容词两种词性的后缀:
-al
形容词:
personal,parental,natural
名词:
refusal,proposal,approval,denial,survival,trial
-tive
形容词:
active,passive,positive,negative
名词:
detective,representative代表、代表的,relative亲戚,相关的
例句:
Successisarelativeterm,itbringssomanyrelatives.----byBernardShaw
-ant
形容词:
ignorant,assistant,attendant服务员
buoyant----buoy(浮标,救生圈)+ant----有浮力的,轻快的
buoy----bu(来源于bubble气泡,拟声词)+oy(小东西)
boy小男孩
名词:
examinant主考官,applicant申请者,servant,participant
-ent
形容词:
existent,dependent,emergent
名词:
resident,patient,solvent溶剂,detergent洗洁精,去污剂
-ic
形容词:
periodic,cubic,magnetic磁性的,electronic
名词:
critic评论者、批评家,mechanic技工、机械师,logic逻辑,rhetoric修辞学
-ine
形容词:
feminine女性的、阴柔的,nervine神经的,reverine河流的
名词:
heroine,doctrine教义,routine程序、常规,concubine妾、姘妇
Concubine----con+cub(cube立方,cubby小房间)+ine
-ar
形容词:
familiar,similar,linear线性的,peculiar奇特的
名词:
scholar学者,liar说谎者,peddler小贩子,burglar夜贼hamburger到KFC偷汉堡的人
-ory/-ary
形容词:
advisory忠告的,contradictory矛盾的,imaginary,elementary
名词:
inventory库存目录(invent找到,发明――库存目录就是让你找到需要的存货)
dormitory---dorm+itory----睡觉的地方词根dormant休眠的,休眠火山dormantvolcano,潜伏期dormantperiod;domicile住宅,住所;dormitive安眠药
-atory场所
Observatory天文台
Laboratory实验室
Lavatory盥洗室lav-流动lava岩浆lavisha.非常丰富的,浪费的v.lavishon浪费…
dictionary,piscary=fishery捕鱼场p-f互换
-ile
形容词
agile---ag(act)+ile---可以动的----引申为灵活的
ductile---duct引导+ile易延展的
introduce介绍,引入。
conduct完全引导――1)指导,管理;2)行为
fertile肥沃的
辨析:
conference,reference,deference,inference
juvenile----juven(junior)+ile年轻的
fragile---frag(fracture)+ile---易碎的
flexile---flex(flic折叠)----可弯曲的,引申为可变通的
servile---奴性的
名词
Missile---miss发送+ile物体----导弹
Textile---text(编织)+ile----纺织品
Context----把文字编织在一起-----上下文语境
Pretext(笔)----提前编织好-----借口=excuse(口)
Automobile
Domicile--dom(dormitory)----住宅,住所
同时具有形容词与动词含义的后缀-ish
1)具有...性质的(通常为贬义)
bookish书呆子气的
辨析:
childish,childly,childlike
manish,manly,manlike
2)稍微的
coldish,yellowish偏黄的
3)语言
English,Finish,Spanish
4)动词
establish,diminish使缩小,vanish消失,flourish使繁荣,使兴旺
具有三种词性的后缀
-ly同时具有副词,名词与形容词与含义
副词:
namely,similarly,badly严重的、恶劣的80%
形容词:
weekly,friendly,homely,costly10%
名词:
weekly周刊,monthly月刊,quarterly季刊10%
请问ate-是什么词性?
大多数人认为,ate结尾的单词一定是动词,其实还有许多-ate结尾的单词还可能是形容词,名词。
根据统计,他们的分布大约是:
1)动词70%
accelerate加速,differentiate区分,originate起源
2)形容词15%
moderate,fortunate,private,considerate,passionate
3)名词15%
graduate(grade+uate----一级一级的攀登----大学本科毕业生)
certificate----cert(certain肯定,确定)+ificate-----肯定你的成绩----证书e.g.出生证明
辨析:
diploma----di二+plo(plic折叠)+ma(名词)----对折的一张纸----毕业文凭
candidate(穿白衣服的人)
delegate(de强调+leg法律+ate----被委托以法律的权利的人----n代表;v授权),magistrate(mag+istrate---地方的大人----地方官员)
punctual表示‘准时的’来源
pin针尖,大头针(personalidentificationnumber)
pen钢笔,有针尖
pinch掐一下,就像被针扎了一下。
pine松树(树叶是针尖)pineapple(长刺的苹果:
菠萝)
point(箭头)指向
pink1)刺2)皮肤被刺以后变成――粉红
penalpunish
punch打针孔punchyourcard打卡
punctual准时的
pungent1)(气味等)刺鼻的2)(言词、文字等)尖刻的,严厉的----核心意思:
针尖
词本无义义由境生nocontext,notext.
Spin梭子,高速转动
spine(长刺的骨头――脊椎)----单词后面加e没有意义,只是表示i的元音发音。
spinal脊椎的
spinster----spin(梭子)+ster(star星星引申为‘多’)----老处女oldsinglewoman
在英国,女孩也要在家拿梭子织布,织坏了一个梭子就把它挂在门口,表示她既能干,又成熟了。
如果一个女人家的门口挂的梭子像星星一样多,说明她一直都没有嫁出去――所以叫做‘老处女’。
英语常用根表
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