高级口译翻译篇.docx

1、高级口译翻译篇高级口译翻译篇第一章 高级口译翻译数字理论Appropriateness注：（表示错误示范，表示正确示范） 舒舍予，字老舍，现年四十岁，面黄无须。I have a yellow face. I have a pale face. I have a withered complexion. Backgroundeconomic equality 经济平等 经济均衡化efficiency Vs effectiveness 效率 Vs 效能 performance 绩效我宣布开幕了 I declare open I declare the commencement of is here

2、with inaugurated.meeting 非正式会议 conference 正式大型会议 session 特定主题专业会议Culture White elephant 白象 请愿书 round robinDiversification think tank 智囊团Expressiveness Faithfulness Gracefulness第二章 高级口译评分标准1) Wording Accuracy2) Phrase Accuracy3) Paraphrasing NativenessSwallowing small companies, the big media corpora

3、tions will be able to control what Americans read and watch.4) Sequence CoherencyMy father is a good teacher who is kind to his students. 由于我父亲对学生好，他是一个好老师5) Spelling, Punctuation and Tense 拼写：拼错一个单词扣一分，同样的错误不扣分时态举例： 中国人民一直希望世界太平。 The Chinese people are always loving world peace.时态重点词would1、would表示意

4、愿 I would be only too glad to help you.2、表示一种特人的行为 Thats just what he would say.It would rain on the day we chose for a picnic.3、so that would表示目的、结果 so that + can will may （现在/过去时态）表示目的She burned the letters so that her husband would never read them.总结：第1、2、5点考察考生硬功，约占比例80%第3、4点考察考生软功，需在平日不断积累第三章 英

5、译汉翻译技能直译是指在译入语条件许可的前提下，在译文中既表达原文的思想内容，又保留原文的语言表达形式直译：一针及时省九针意译：事半功倍意译是指译文能正确表达原文的思想内容，但不必拘泥于原文的语言表达形式。原则：能够直译的不要意译3.1加注(Annotation)通常是外来语1、音译加注1) pizza Toyota Sahara Sauna AIDS Jazz2) In my Walter Mitty dreams I am a prima ballerina.3) He did it a Jordan.4) It was Friday and soon theyd go out and ge

6、t drink.5) He pretended to be a Thursday VIP and fit in with the local community quite well.、直译加注Zero Ground Sesame Street Oval Office specified risk material 高风险物质Tabloid tree hugger 极端环保主义者 rock 石毒But I am short-tempered, frazzled from all responsibilities. I am the “sandwich generation”, caught b

7、etween kids and parents.但我的脾气不好，都是这些事给烦的。我是个夹在孩子和父母之间的“三明治人”。He suggested that a truly-inclusive politically-correct pronoun would be “s/h/it”.他建议，真正既全面又符合政治正确性的代词应是“她或他或它”。You told me the other day that you were going to write anything about him yourself. It would be rather like a dog in the manger

8、 to keep to yourself a whole lot of material that you have no intention of using.前些日子，你告诉我你自己不打算写有关他的任何东西，可你却又占着大批资料自己不用，这岂不是狗占马槽（太自私了）了吗？The favors of Government are like the box of Pandora, with this important difference that rarely leave hope at bottom.政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子，（后患无穷），主要不同之处是：盒底很少留有希望。People

9、 considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss.人们认为他在那种场合所表演的不过是犹大之吻，（居心险恶）。A measure of privatization of adoption is called for, with a diminution in the powers of ideological apartheiders of the Nanny State.随着“保姆国家”（福利国家的贬称）中那些思想上支持种族隔离的人的势力的减弱，人们要求在收养方面有一定程度的民间

10、化。We might look upon the glory of our Rust Belt states, where there are hundreds of vast steel mills that are at least 40 years out of date and also spew smoke that causes acid rain.我们可以看一下我们的铁锈带（）昔日的“荣耀”，那里有几百家落伍至少四十年的大型钢铁厂，至今还喷吐着能够引起酸雨的浓烟。3.2释义 (Paraphrase)释义是指舍弃原文的具体表达形式和比喻形象，采取解释性的方法译出原文的意思。1) B

11、ills new girlfriend is certainly a knockout.尤物2) I wonder whether he is a Trojan Horse.内奸3) The weather forecast seems to be accurate. No sooner had I fortunately come back home than rain poured cats and dogs.touchwood.老天保佑4) Dont you think its weird for a husband to appreciate his pinups with his w

12、ife?美女照5) He was smooth and agreeable.八面玲珑6) What is known is that weight extremes in either direction are definitely unhealthy.过度的肥胖或消瘦7) He acts a lot older than his years.少年老成8) The kid went through fire and flood to save his mother.赴汤蹈火9) Mary is now between the devil and the deep sea on dealing

13、 with her job.进退维谷10) That fellow is always an easy-going guy. He always throws her cares to the winds.无忧无虑；把烦恼抛至九霄云外11) The young girl thumbed her way to the passing cars. 搭车3.3增词 (Amplification)增词指翻译时常常有必要在译文的词量上作适当的增加，使译文既能忠实地传达原文的内容和风格，又能符合译入语的表达习惯。、根据背景知识增补1) 世纪伟人邓小平 Mr. Deng Xiaoping, one of t

14、he great figures in the twentieth century2) 班门弄斧 show off ones proficiency with axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter3) 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。 The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses Zhuge Liang, the master mind.、根据逻辑关系需要增补 汉语重义合、英语重形合。增加连词成分、根据语法需要增补）增加量词 an elephant a martial music Soon the whole sky

15、 is azure and flaming.不一会儿，万里晴空已是一片火红。）增加时、体和语气（重点）Yesterday evening I had seen her on her knees in front of the house. 昨天夜晚我曾看见她跪在房子前面。The research work is being done by a small group of dedicated and imaginative scientists who specialize in extracting from various sea animals substances that may i

16、mprove the health of the human race.正在进行The surgeons werent sure how long my new joints would last. But theyre holding up fine.那些外科医生（当时）不能肯定我的新关节可以维持多久，但是它们（至今还是）运转良好。It would have been only courteous to kneel at the proper time, as all did, since I had voluntarily come to church.既然我来教堂出于自愿，仅仅为了礼貌起

17、见，我（本应当）和大家一起下跪。She would spend hours dressing herself in fine clothes, and brushing her black hair. Then she would stand by the mirror and admire herself.她（总是）要花好几个小时为自己盛装打扮，梳理她乌黑的头发。之后她还（常常）照着镜子自我欣赏一番。I have had the joy of two beautiful and wonderful wives, the happiness of parenthood and the love

18、 of eight children.我有幸（先后）获得两位美丽贤惠的妻子带来的幸福，体验过为人之父的乐趣和八个子女的爱。）增加适当词语区别单复数 The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是百兽之王。The slogan “Press on” has solved and always will solve the problems of the human race.“坚持下去”的口号已经解决并将继续解决人类的各种问题。Now, years later, that evenings lovelinessI so nearly missedis one of my

19、 most cherished memories.如今多少年过去了，那个我差点失之交臂的迷人傍晚，如今却成了我最珍贵的记忆。She warmly welcomed her guests in and brought them a cup of tea. 她热情地将客人们迎了进来，然后给他们各端上一杯茶。）增补表达词Fortune knocks at every mans door once in a life, but in a good many cases, the man is in a neighboring saloon and does not hear her.每一个人的一生中，

20、幸运女神都只来敲一次门，可是许多情况下，那个受到眷顾的人竟在隔壁的酒馆里，听不见她敲门。French managers are Napoleonic and their management style is imperial.法国经理人是拿破仑式（内松外紧）的人物，有着帝王般的管理风格。Long-stemmed models ankled through the lobby. 身材修长的模特袅袅婷婷地从厅中走过。具体译法所谓具体译法，就是在翻译过程中把原文中抽象或比较抽象的单词、词组、成语或句子用具体或比较具体的单词、词组、成语或句子来进行翻译，从而消除或降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失，使译文

21、产生与原文同样的效果。A词缀法-tion 作用；过程We should by no means neglect the evaporation of water. 我们决不能忽视水的蒸发作用。 erosion of steel钢的腐蚀（作用）Many changes take place during the transformation. 在转化过程中出现了许多变化。During transportation, the driver should be careful. 在驾驶过程中，司机要小心。-ing 做法；行为 All the people were exasperated by hi

22、s fault-finding. 大家都被他那种吹毛求疵的做法激怒了。-ness 状态；气质；心情 We were all greatly moved by his loftiness. 我们都被他那种崇高气质所深深打动。humbleness谦虚作风We all look down upon his humbleness. 我们都看不起他这种贱相（卑微的态度）。We have to do our utmost to ameliorate the backwardness of our nation. 我们必须全力以赴改变国家的落后面貌。Johns lightheartedness, howev

23、er, did not last long. 然而，约翰这种轻松愉悦的心情没有持续很久。-ity 性；与-able和-tive相关reasonability合理性 sensibility合理性 sensitivity敏感性 creativity 创造性 originality创造性 ingenuity创造性readability可读性 flexibility柔韧性、可塑性、灵活性、延展性B集合名词法 family 家庭 家庭成员team, group, family, class, committee, community, city, country, worldOur team is pl

24、aying well.今天我们对整体发挥的不错（隐含之意；对部分队员不满）Our team are playing well.我们球队每个人都打疯了（隐含之意；对每个队员都非常满意）C比喻法 very timid 非常胆小 胆小如鼠 very strong 非常强壮 壮得像头牛D成语法a great and through-going change 巨大而彻底的变化翻天覆地的变化very anxious to return home 回家心切 归心似箭）增补重复词（连词、承上启下的词、概括词）We have discussed our safety and sanitary regulatio

25、ns. 我们已经讨论了安全规则和卫生规则。 We left so much in Vietnamso much innocence, so many dreams, so many good men and women.我们在越南失去的东西太多了失去许许多多无辜的生命，失去许许多多美梦，失去许许多多善良的男男女女。He had become a master of evasion: his main response to criticism is to threaten, filibuster and delay.他已是个回避问题的老手：其回应批评的主要方法是一威胁、二阻挠、三拖延。Mary

26、 was ready to go, but first she wanted her book to be in print. 玛丽准备走了，但先要目睹她那本书出版后才瞑目。3.4减词 (Omission)减词是指将原文中需要而译文中又不需要的词语省去。 从语法角度进行减省As a frequent moviegoer, I am keeping abreast of the latest development of Hollywood movies.我是电影院里的常客，通晓好莱坞电影最新动态。We can not discover any material in an element bu

27、t itself. 在一个元素里，除元素本身外，不可能再发现其他物质。I framed the words in my mind, “Pardon me, but have I done something to offend you?”我心里在嘀咕：“对不起，我做了什么事冒犯了您？”As it is late, let us go to bed. 不早了，睡吧代词省略抽象代词、泛指代词1） 有些做宾语的代词 I am going to have it. 我想去吃2） 泛指的英语人称代词做主语3） 指代抽象名词的代词Fords basic wage of $5 a day caused not

28、 only a wage explosion in the city, it also caused a population explosion. 4） 物主代词5） 形式主语和形式宾语it 从修饰角度进行减省The hardest part of any big project is to begin. 任何一个大项目最艰难的是起步。There are plenty of opportunities to attend community events and volunteer your services.参与社区活动以及提供志愿服务的机会多得很。The problem of alter

29、native fuels of vehicle is one problem we shall approach.车辆的代用燃料是我们将要着手处理的一个问题。To learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned is even harder. 学习不容易，应用更不容易。In mid-1977, world sea-going tonnage amounted to 338.5 million grt which reflects a rise of 5.8% in grt over mid-1976, compared

30、 with a corresponding increase of 9% from mid-1975 to mid-1976.1977年年中，世界远洋船吨位共达 3.385 亿注册总吨，比 1976 年年中注册总吨增加了 5.8% ，而 1976 年年中比 1975 年年中注册总吨增加了 9% 。3.5转换 (Shift of perspective)一、词类转换 1. 名词到动词1）表示心理状态和观点表达的名词。My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once. 我建议他立刻戒烟。Opinion thought objection re

31、fusal declarationDeclination proposal suggestionHope wish dream dread afraid worry2)“七感”以及衍生名词For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land.数百万移民一踏上这块希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。sight hearing touch smelling taste feeling hunch/intuitionspectator audienceLarge numbers enjoy the spectator sports. 许多人喜欢观看比赛。3) 加er或or结尾的动词派生词，不表示身份或职业，而有较强的动作意味。a fast runner跑得很快, a smart learner学得很快 a good liar你真会说谎a bad kisser你吻技真差 You are such a loser! 你真逊！ 4) 四大基本趋势以及任何表示动态变化的名词Increase decrease stabilization