本科论文样文 MLA格式.docx

1、本科论文样文 MLA格式本 科 毕 业 论 文老人与海对完美主义的挑战学 院 外国语学院 专 业 英语 年 级 2006级 学 号 222006888888888 姓 名 李同学 指 导 教 师 褚修伟 成 绩 二九年五月Challenge to Perfectionism As Reflected in The Old Man and the SeaLi TongxueSupervisorChu XiuweiA Thesis Submitted inPartial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree ofB. A. in Englis

2、hSCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGESSOUTHWEST UNIVERSITYMay, 2009AcknowledgementsMany people have made invaluable contributions, both directly and indirectly to my research. I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of the thesis. Firstly, I would like to express my

3、warmest gratitude to Professor Chu Xiuwei, my supervisor, for his instructive suggestions and valuable comments on the writing of this thesis. Secondly, I was indebted to all the teachers in the School of Foreign Languages who taught and helped me in the past four years. Besides, my thanks would go

4、to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these days. And I wish to thank all my fellow classmates who gave me help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.At last, I would like to ext

5、end my heartfelt gratitude to the author whose words I have cited or quoted, and to the scholars upon whose ideas I have freely drawn. ContentsAcknowledgements iAbstract iii摘 要 iv. Introduction 1A. Summary of the novel 2B. The social background of the novel 3II. The Tragic Color in The Old Man and t

6、he Sea 4A. Definition of the tragic color 4B. Tragic color represented in the novel 41. The titanic fishs tragedy 42. The old mans tragedy 5III. Perfectionism 6A. Definition 6B. Santiagos and Hemingways perfectionism 71. Santiagos perfectionism 72. Hemingways perfectionism 8C. Dealing with perfectio

7、nism 101. Comprehension of the worlds imperfection 102. Learning to abnegate 12. Conclusion 13Works Cited 14Challenge to Perfectionism As Reflected inThe Old Man and the SeaAbstractBoth Hemingway and Santiago, the hero in his famous work The Old Man and the Sea are perfectionists. In their daily liv

8、es, perfectionists have endless sadness since they always demand more and more. When a person wants more and his present situation could not satisfy him, he is bound to involve in a strange circle, which will make his mentality full of contradictories. It is uneasy for him to let himself free. Perfe

9、ctionists could not be easily understood by others. Though an analysis of the tragedy of the old man and Hemingway, this thesis mainly discusses the tragic color in The Old Man and the Sea, and draws a conclusion that their perfectionism leads to their tragedy. In that way, the paper challenges perf

10、ectionism. Just like an old saying goes: “No one is perfect”. There is no absolute perfectionism in the world. In fact, pursuing perfection is a good medicine for those who are vacuous to remedy, but on the premise that they know their potential well in pursuit of perfection. If a person does not kn

11、ow his potential of perfection and over-pursues it, not only does he live without happiness, but he gets nothing in the end as well. The world is imperfect. Therefore, it is essential to accept the imperfection of the world and learn to abnegate some unrealistic pursuits.Key Words：Tragedy, perfectio

12、nism, The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway老人与海对完美主义的挑战摘 要海明威和他的名著老人与海里的铁汉英雄圣地亚哥一样都是完美主义者。然而在日常的生活中，完美主义者总是有着无穷无尽的悲哀，因为他们一生的追求会随着自己目标的达成变得越来越多。若是一个追求完美的人为自己定了很高的目标而没有实现时，他们就很容易陷入一种精神的怪圈，这样的怪圈使得他们的内心总是充满矛盾，在不断的挣扎中，他们难以脱身。本论文从研究老人与海的悲剧色彩入手，分析老人的悲剧，指出他的悲剧是由他的完美主义思想所致，同时也说明海明威的悲剧，海明威对自己的要求太高了，他不断追求心中达到完美的目

13、标，甚至有些目标已经超过了他的能力范围。然而，他的事事追求完美的思想使得他承受不了生活的压力，病痛的折磨，最终，他以自杀结束了他本是辉煌灿烂的人生。接着论文则对世人觉得理所当然的追求完美主义的思想提出质疑。正如金无赤金，人无完人所阐述的道理，世间没有绝对的完美。实际上追求完美是弥补心灵空虚人的一剂良药，但前提是在人们真正了解自己的潜能。一个人若是连自己都不了解，不知道自己真正所需，就过度追求生命中事事的完美，那他的一生必定没有幸福，而且到头来也不会得到他所追求的完美。整理我们的思绪，放弃不切实际的想法，做我们自己而不在意别人的想法，这才是我们每个人应该做的。世界从来就不完美，学会放弃才是人生的

14、宽途。关键词：悲剧色彩；完美主义；老人与海，海明威. IntroductionEarnest Miller Hemingway was born in a well-to-do family in Oak Park, Illinois near Chicago, on July 21st, 1899. He was an American Nobel Prize winner in literature (1954), a spokesman for “The Lost Generation” (Chang 204). After he got the Nobel Prize, he ende

15、d his life by himself. His life was filled with many kinds of adventures that represent in his works. He styled the particular type of the tragic hero in his novels, and his life attitude had been widely recognized and imitated in English-speaking countries and all over the world as well. Hemingway

16、was a myth in his own time and in American literature. After the publishing of The Old Man and the Sea in 1952, this novel had played a crucial role in the development of Hemingways critical reputation. Prior to the appearance of this crisp and lyrical novel about an old Cuban fishermans struggle wi

17、th a titanic fish, Hemingway had published nothing of distinction during the twelve years since For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940); The Old Man and the Sea (1952), however, was hailed as Hemingways triumphant return (He and Du 43).Hemingways life is filled with kinds of adventures, and from his rich and

18、 colorful life experiences，his life seems like an unusual book which many other people in the world admire and envy. Indeed, Hemingway is a great writer, a code man with white beard; even today he had left us for a few decades, his brave figure has still been living in peoples memory. His adventuris

19、m spirit made him create many novels, so that people always say he directs his own stories in his works (Perkins 165). From his works and life experiences, Hemingway is indeed a perfectionist. Many of the heroes that he created in novels are represented his code man spirit - perfectionism, especiall

20、y in The Old Man and the Sea. The old man named Santiago represented Hemingways perfectionism characteristic more vividly than other code man in his works. Hemingway left many myths to the literary world after his shocking death, more and more researchers discussed his works; a lot of discussions ar

21、e talked about his writing style, life experiences and his own code man spirit. Hemingways name had been staying in literary world forever because of the whole worlds attention. Perfectionism is a double-edged blade which brings both honor and sadness to Hemingway. He chose to die in the prime of hi

22、s life. Hemingway left many unsolved questions to the whole world, people regret for his choice. Meanwhile, we could find a real Hemingway when we stand in his shoes, he is a complete perfectionist. He would prefer regretting for the whole world to regretting for himself, that is a perfectionists ch

23、oice. Even though Hemingway chose another way to express his hero spirit and his perfectionism, some people suspect what his perfectionism brought to him. Perfectionism brought honor, wealth, wonderful life to him, but he decided to discard all honor because he had been tortured by sickness greatly,

24、 he chose to die in the end (Dong 162). Hemingway was involved in strange perfectionism circle. At the same time, the code man spirit made him pursuit perfection of everything. As a perfect man in peoples eyes is Hemingways aim. The old man who Hemingway created in The Old Man and the Sea is also a

25、person represented Hemingways perfectionism spirit. He has his own sadness. The paper focuses on The Old Man and the Sea，find out the tragic color in the novel, meanwhile, explains Hemingways tragedy in order to challenge the perfectionism which is held by the author - Hemingway and his creative cod

26、e hero - Santiago.A. Summary of the novelAmong all of Hemingways works, The Old Man and the Sea, it is a work that leads to the top of Hemingways career of writer and made him receipt the Nobel Prize (Scott 197). It is a poetic tragic novel about Santiago - an old Cuban fisherman who has gone for 84

27、 days without catching anything. Therefore, the boy, Mandolin, who used to sail with him, is forced by his parents to leave the old man and catch in another “good-lucky” ship. The old man insists on fishing alone and at last, he hooks an eighteen-foot, giant marlin, the largest he has ever known. Bu

28、t the titanic fish is very powerful and disobedient. It tows the old man and his boat out to sea for 48 hours, with the old man bearing the whole weight of the fish through the line on his back. The old man, with little food and sleep, has to endure much pain and fights against his treacherous hand

29、cramp. To his great excitement, on his third day at sea, he succeeds in catching the weakened marlin to the surface and harpoons it. On his way home, he lashed marlin alongside his boat because it is too big to be pulled into the boat. But, unfortunately, the sharks in different directions assaulted

30、 the old man and the giant marlin for four times. The old man fights to kill the sharks with as much might and many weapons as he can summon, but only to find a giant skeleton of his marlin left after his desperate defense. At last, Santiago, having lost what he fought for, reaches the shore and str

31、uggles to his shack. He falls into sound sleep, dreaming of Africa and the lions again. His struggle wins him much respect; meanwhile, he still made himself indulge in the atmosphere of tragic color, no one understands his sadness except himself.B. The social background of the novelLiterature is the

32、 reflection of society (Perkins 95). Therefore, in order to prove this novels tragic color, the social background is one of the necessary factors for us to appreciate this work.Hemingway lived in the period that the World War One broke out; many young volunteers took part in “the war which also called a war end all wars”. But the harsh reality made them aware that modern warfare was not as glorious or heroic as they thought. As a young writer and spokesman of the “The Lost Ge