A上册基础 I第九章 通信英语与计算机基础.docx

1、A上册基础 I第九章 通信英语与计算机基础第九章通信英语与计算机基础第一节通信英语一、通信专业常用英语词汇Aaccess vt.存取，访问，接近 n.通路，入口accommodate v. 适用，调和，使适应account n.账目，账户activity n.作用，业务，能动性adapt to 使适合于，使适应于adequate a. 适当的，适宜的adjacent a. 邻近的aircraft n. 飞行器，飞机air-to-ground 空对地的algorithm n. 算法，规则系统alleviate vt. 使减轻，缓和allocate vt.分配，配给allocation n. 配置

2、，分配alphanumeric a.字母数字的ALU 运算器，算术逻辑部件AM （amplitude modulation）幅度调制，调幅ambitious n.有抱负的，雄心勃勃的amplifier n.放大器amplify v.扩大，放大，扩充amplitude n.广阔，充足，幅度analog n.类似物，相似体，模拟and conj. 与（逻辑运算）antenna n.天线API（Application Programming Interface）应用程序设计接口approach n.接近，入门approximately ad.大约，大致architectural a.建筑上的，结构上

3、的arrangement n.设备，装置，安装，分布，排列assets n.资产associate vt.使联系，使联合 n.关联，相关assume vt.假定，假设attach v.相连，附加，缚，系attenuate n.衰减，衰耗audio a.声音的，音频的audio signal 语音信号，话音信号augment v. 增大，扩大automatic a.自动的automatically ad.自动地automobile n.汽车，车辆auxiliary a. 辅助的，附属的auxiliary storage 辅助存储器available a.有效的，可实现的availability

4、n.可用性，有效性axis n.轴Bbackbone n.支柱，骨干，主干band pass n.通带baseband n. 基带base on 在基础上batch n. 批量，成批，v. 分批batch system 批处理系统bi-directional a.双向的binary code 二进制代码blip n.标志，记号block n. 字块，字组，信息组，程序块 vt.闭塞，阻碍broadcasting n.广播buffer n.缓冲器C CAM（Computer Aided Management）计算机辅助管理candidate n. 候选人capacity n.容量，容积，能力，负

5、载量carbon n.副本，碳，复写纸carrier n.载波；运送者，邮递员carrier-to-noise ratio 载噪比category n. 种类，类别CCIR（Consultative Committee on International Radio）国际无线电咨询委员会cell n.单元，元件，小区cellular a.细胞（状）的，蜂窝状的，单元的channel n.通路，信道characteristics n. 特性，特征choose vt.选择，挑选cladding n.包层，覆盖coaxial cable 同轴电缆code generation 代码生成coding n

6、.编码collection n. 收集，集成communication n. 通信compensate v. 补偿，酬报complex n.合成物，综合企业complexity n.复杂性complicated a.复杂的concentrate v.集中conference n.会议，讨论会conflicting a.不一致的，冲突的，矛盾的congest vi.拥挤，充塞connection n.连接consecutive a.连续的，连贯的console n.控制台，操作台constraint n.限制，约束construction n.构造，结构conversion n.转换conver

7、t vt. 转换，变换converter n.变频器，转换器convey vt.传达，运输coordinate vt.使协调，调整n.坐标cope with 应付，处理cordless telephone n. 无绳电话core n.核心，内核corporate a.协会的，团体的，全体的correspond to 与一致，对应于，相当于couple v.加倍，耦合current drive 现形驱动器，当前驱动器cyclic a.周期的，循环的Ddash v.划线dashboard n.（汽车的）仪表控制板dashed line 虚线，短划线decrease v.缩小，降低，减少decoup

8、le vt.分离，分隔dedicated a. 专用的default n.系统设定（值），预置（值），缺省demodulator n.解调器denote vt.表示，意味着depict vt. 描绘，描写destination n. 终点，目的地detector n.检验器，检波器diagram n.图表dialog box 对话框dictate v.命令，支配digital a.数字的digital earth station 数字地球站dimension a. 尺寸，维数disaster n.灾难，天灾discrepancy n.相差，差异distortion n.扭曲，变形，失真，畸变d

9、iversity reception n.分集式接收document n. 文件，文档downconverter n.下变频器downlink n.下行线路（空间对地面）drawback n.欠缺，弊端，退款drive vt. 测.驱动duplex a.双的，双工的dynamic a.动态的，变化的Eearth station 地面站effectively ad. 有效地electro-magnetic a.电磁的encoding n.编码enhance v.提高，增加error-correction 纠错，改错error rate 误码率establish vt.建立，制定exactly a

10、d. 确切地，精确地explosion n.爆炸，扩张，激增external a. 外部的，对外的external storage 外部存储器extend v. 扩张，伸长，延续extendable a.可扩展的extension n.延伸，伸展extract vt.抽出，提取Ffacilities n.设备，工具fantastic a.稀奇的，奇异的fiber n.纤维file management routine 文件管理例行程序fixed n.固定的，确定的flexibility n.灵活性fold v. 折叠，合并format a.格式化 n.格式frame n.框架，帧，页frequ

11、ency n.频率full-duplex 全双工functional a.功能的，函数的，操作的fundamental n.基本原则，基本原理Ggallium aluminum arsenide 镓铝砷 geostationary a.（人造卫星等）对地同步的given a.给定的HHalf-duplex 半双工Band-held a.手持的hardware n.硬件，金属器件header file 主文件horizontal a.水平线的 n.水平humanity n.人性，人类hypertext n.超级文本Iicon n. 画像，肖像，图标illustrate vt.举例，示范imper

12、ceptible a.觉察不到的，细微的impractical a.不实际的increase v.增加，增长，增进index n.索引，指数，指标individual a.个别的，独特的inertia n.惰性，不活泼inherent a.内在的，固有的，生来的initialize vt.初始化，预置initiate vt.开始，发动inlet n. 入口，引入线，输入口innovate vi.改革，革新in parallel 并联in series 串联insert v. 插入，接入insertion n.插入，接入，介入interactive a.交互的interchange n.v.交换

13、，互换interactively a.相互作用地interface n.接口，界面interleave vt.交错地夹入intermediate a.中间的，中频的 n.媒介物，中间物internal memory 内部存储器internode a.节点间的interval n.间隔，距离IO driver 输入输出驱动程序introduction n.介绍，传入，引言ISDN 综合业务数字网isolation n.隔离，绝缘Jjoystick n.操纵杆，控制杆Kkey n. 键，按键Llarge scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路LED (light emit

14、ting diode)发光二极管level n.电平，极，水平library file 库文件limit vt.限制，限定n.界限linear a.直线的，线性的link n.链路localize vt.使限制与局部 vi.局限，集中location n.存储单元，位置，定位low-power 低功率 Mmain menu 主菜单main memory 主存储器marking n.标记，标志，记号；加标记，作记号matrix n.矩阵，阵列mechanism n.机构，结构，机制mesh n.网眼，（pl.）网 vt.使成网状microprocessor n.微处理机migrate vi.移动

15、，迁移，转移mobile a.运动的，流动的，机动的，移动的，装在车上的modem n.调制解调器modification n.修正，修改modulate v.调制，调整module n.组件，模块，程序块momentum n.动量，动力mouse n.鼠标器，（鼠标）定位器multiprocessor n.多处理机multi-user system 多用户系统Nnode n.节点nominal a.额定的，标称的nonideal a.不理想的norm n.标准not conj. 非，反（逻辑运算）0off-line operation 脱机操作optic a.光学的optical a.视觉的

16、，光学的or conj. 或（逻辑运算）order n.（数）阶，级outlet n.出口，引出线，输出口output-controlled a.输出控制的overhead n.额外开销，系统开销overlay paging system n.重叠寻呼系统Ppager n.寻呼机paging n.寻呼PARS（Private Advanced Radio Service）（英）专用的先进无线电业务passive a.被动的，无源的per prep.每perform v.执行，履行performance n.性能，特性，运行personnel n.全体人员phase n.相位，时期，阶段phot

17、odiode n.光电二极管photon n.光子polarization n.极化，偏振pool n.存储区，池positive a.肯定的，绝对的，正的power n.力量，功率preamplifier n.前置放大器present n.礼物，现在a.现在的，出席的v.提交principle n.原则，原理 Qquantizing n.量化，分层Rradio frequency 射频，无线电频率radiotelegraphy 无线电报radiotelephone n.无线电话random a.随机的，无规则的random access memory 随机存取存储器range vt.排列 n

18、.范围rate n.速率ratio n.比率，比例read operation 读操作redundant a.多余的，冗余的reference n.参考，索引reflection n.反映，反射refraction n.折射regenerator n.再生器，再生设备remotely ad.遥远地，远距离地resident a.驻留的n.居民resident monitor 常驻监督程序response n.回答，响应resource n.资源retiming n.再定时，再同步retrieve v.取出，检索ROM 只读存储器Ssample vt.抽样satellite n.卫星，人造卫星s

19、aturation n.饱和segment n.片段，分节v.分割，分裂selective a.选择的，有选择性的selective addressing 选择性寻址sensor n.传感器，感测器，敏感器件signal vt.向发信号n.信号silicon n.硅，硅元素single side band 单边带software house 软件公司，软件服务站spectrum n.光谱，系列，范围specialist n.专家stagger vt.交错，摆动c.交错的station n.台，站，基地stem n.杆，晶体管管座storage n.存储器storage location 存储单

20、元subinterval n.子区间subscriber n.用户，订户substantial a.真正的，具体的，物质的suppress v.抑制，压缩superimposed a.重叠的，叠加的switch n.开关，电键v.转换switching n.交换symbol stream 码流synchronous a.同步的synthesis n.综合，合成，集成Ttandem a.串联的，级联的，汇接的tandem switch 汇接交换机telephony n.电话，电话学，电话技术TELETEX n.智能用户电报terminal n.终端，终端设备terrestrial a.地球上的，

21、陆上的toll n.通行费，长途电话费，长途（电话）topology n.拓扑学，拓扑结构traffic n.信息量，通信量，业务transceiver n.无线电收发机，收发器transmitter n.发送机，发射器，发信机trunk n.汽车后面的行李箱，树干，干线，中继线twist vt.绞，拧，捻two-way a.双向的，双工的UUHF 超高频undistorted a.不失真的，不畸变的uniform a.统一的，均匀的uplink n.上行线路（地面对空间）upconverter n.上变频器upper a.上面的utilization n.利用，应用Vvariation n.

22、变更，变化variant n.变式，变量，差异vary a.变化vehicle n.车辆verbal a.言语的，口头的via prep.经由，经过vibration n.振动，颤动voice paging system 语音寻呼系统volume n.卷，册，量，音量，容量 Wwavelength n.波长二、英译汉The Principle of PCMPCM is dependent on three separate operations, sampling, quantizing, and coding. Many different schemes for performing th

23、ese three functions have evolved during recent years, and we shall describe the main ones. In these descriptions we shall see how a speech channel of telephone quality may be conveyed as a series of amplitude values, each value being represented, that is, coded, as a sequence of 8 binary digits. Fur

24、thermore, we shall prove that a minimum theoretical sampling frequency of order 6.8 kilohertz (kHz) is required to convey a voice channel occupying the range 300 Hz to 3.4 kHz. Practical equipments, however, normally use a sampling rate of 8 kHz, and if 8-digits per sample value are used, the voice

25、channel becomes represented by a stream of pulses with a repetition rate of 64 kHz. Fig. 1-1 illustrates the sampling, quantizing, and coding processes.Reexamination of our simple example shows us that the speech signal of maximum frequency 3.4 kHz has been represented by a signal of frequency 64 kH

26、z. However, if only 4-digits per sample value had been used, the quality of transmission would drop, and the repetition rate of the pulses would be reduced to 32 kHz. Thus the quality of transmission is dependent on the pulse repetition rate, and for digital communication systems these two variables

27、 may be interchanged most efficiently.Digital transmission provides a powerful method for overcoming noisy environments. Noise can be introduced into transmission path in many different ways: perhaps via a nearby lightning strike, the sparking of a car ignition system, or the thermal low-level noise

28、 within the communication equipment itself. It is the relationship of the true signal to the noise signal, known as the signal-to-noise ratio, which is of the most interest to the communication engineer. Basically, if the signal is very large compared to the noise level , then a perfect message can

29、take place; however, this is not always the case.Fig. 1-1 The Sampling and Coding Processes, and the Resultant PCM SignalFor example, the signal received from a satellite, located in far outer space, is very weak and is at a level only slightly above that of the noise. Alternative examples may be fo

30、und within terrestrial systems where, although the message signal is strong, so is the noise power.If we consider binary transmission, the complete information about a particular message will always be obtained by simply detecting the presence or absence of the pulse. By comparison, most other forms of transmission systems convey the message information using the shape, or level of the transmitted signal;parameters that are most easily affected by the noise and attenuation introduced by the trans