考研英语基础阅读陈正康.docx

1、考研英语基础阅读陈正康2016考研英语阅读基础班讲义（适合英语一及英语二考生）陈正康博士编讲1994 Passage 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking servi

2、ces available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us, the cashless society is not on the horizon its already here.While computers offe

3、r these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of go

4、ods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be ma

5、de accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers ke

6、ep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of co

7、mputers.55. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to _.A withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishesB obtain more convenient services than other people doC enjoy greater trust from the storekeeperD cash money wherever he wishes to56. From the last sentence of the first pa

8、ragraph we learn that _.A in the future all the Americans will use credit cardsB credit cards are mainly used in the United State todayC nowadays many Americans do not pay in cashD it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before57. The phrase ring up sales (line 2, paragraph 2) most probab

9、ly means _.A make an order of goodsB record basic sales on a cash registerC call the sales managerD keep track of the goods in stock58. What is this passage mainly about?A Approaches to the commercial use of computers.B Conveniences brought about by computers in business.C Significance of automation

10、 in commercial enterprises.D Advantages of credit cards in business.1995text 4Personality is to a large extent inherent A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become

11、a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current pass

12、ion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dro

13、pped dead seconds after saying: Rejoice, we conquer!By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable

14、, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into Bs. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top

15、 management.If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and s

16、ympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A- type stock. Bs are important and should be encouraged.63. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually _.A impatientB considerateC aggressiveD agreeable64. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinat

17、ions at schools because _.A the pressure is too great on the studentsB some students are bound to failC failure rates are too highD the results of examinations are doubtful65. The selection of medical professionals is currently based on _.A candidates sensitivityB academic achievementsC competitive

18、spiritD surer values66. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that _.A the personality of a child is well established at birthB family influence dominates the shaping of ones characteristicsC the development of ones personality is due to multiple factorsD B-type characteristics can find no pla

19、ce in a competitive society1997text 1It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably il

20、l patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the groups on-line service, Death NET.

21、 Says Hofsess: We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its world history.The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and prac

22、tical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia where an aging population, life-extending tech

23、nology and changing community attitudes have all played their part other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new North

24、ern Territory law, an adult patient can request death probably by a deadly injection or pill to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish fo

25、r death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual po

26、int of view, but what I was afraid of was how Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, he says.51. From the second paragraph we learn that _.A the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countriesB physicians and citizens share th

27、e same view on euthanasiaC changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the lawD it takes time to realize the significance of the laws passage52. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means _.A observers are taking a wait-and-see

28、 attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countriesC observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoesD the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop53. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will _.A fa

29、ce his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC have an intense fear of terrible sufferingD undergo a cooling off period of seven days54. The authors attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of _.A oppositionB suspicionC approvalD indiffere

30、nce1997 Passage 5Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are l

31、ong, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the doubl