精雕细刻出美人论奥斯丁《爱玛》的写作技巧.docx

1、精雕细刻出美人论奥斯丁爱玛的写作技巧精雕细刻出“美人”简析简奥斯汀爱玛的写作技巧学 生：张 灿指导老师：柳 星（湖南女子大学外语系，长沙410004）ContentsAbstract in ChineseAbstract in EnglishA brief introduction to Jane Austen and Emma of her work 1.1. A brief in a brief introduction to Jane Austens life and education 1.2. A Brief Introduction to Emmathe BookEmmas wri

2、ting skills2.1. Structure brilliant, fine writing2.2. Humorous language, the beauty of this kind ofThe Master Artistic In Emma1. The use of Irony in Emma1.1. Verbal irony 1.2. Dramatic irony 1.3. Situational ironyConclusionNotesBibliographyAcknowledgements摘要：爱玛是19世纪英国杰出的现实主义女作家奥斯丁最伟大的一部小说，体现了她的主要艺术特

3、色。本文将从该部作品的主要写作技巧和主要艺术表现手法这两方面进行尝试性探讨与研究，从而进一步了解该小说，感知她是如何精雕细刻地进行艺术创作的。该小说结构精巧，文笔细腻；语言幽默，妙趣横生。简.奥斯汀的一些写作技巧，主要包括其精心设置的情景，巧妙构思的故事情节，恰到好处的人物对话，娴熟的语言技巧，还有各种反讽手法和其灵活多变的叙述角度成功的创造爱玛。该小说通过塑造一个幼稚而自负的女主人并使她成为一系列反讽的对象，而向读者展示了一个从幼稚走向成熟并最终获得幸福的女性的故事。简奥斯丁继承欧洲文学的反讽传统，并以她高度的艺术自觉，巧妙娴熟地将反讽融于作品之中, 在爱玛中作者运用了多种反讽手法。简.奥斯

4、丁的艺术成就确保了她在英国文学史上的重要地位。她的创作艺术将具有永恒的魅力。关键词：奥斯丁、爱玛、结构、语言、反讽 Abstract ：Emma is the distinguished British 19th century realism Austin woman for the greatest novel，embodying her principal artistic features. This thesis means to make a tentative study of Emmas writing techniques and the master artistic em

5、ployed in the novel in order to show how Jane Austen engraves upon a little piece of ivory. The novels structure is brilliant, Fine writing; Humorous language, the beauty of this kind of. Jane Austens carefully presented scenes, skillfully developed plots, appropriately arranged dialogues and excell

6、ent language skills. What is more important, the irony and the technique of omniscient narrator, largely ensure her success in creating Emma. By creating a native persona and rendering her a victim of irony Jane Austin presents us a story about a beautiful but self-assertive heroine who grows from n

7、aivety to maturity and finally reaches the state of happiness. In addition to the influence of the ironic tradition, Jane Austens inherent gift enabled her to use irony perfectly, she use a variety of tactics irony in Emma. Jane Austens artistic achievements will ensure her literary position as a gr

8、eat novelist in the history of English literature. The charm of her art will appeal eternally to generations to come.Key words: Jane Austen. Emma. Structure. Language. irony精雕细刻出“美人”-简析简奥斯汀爱玛的写作技巧Engraving out a “beauty”-A brief analysis of the writing skills of Jane Austens “Emma” Chapter One A bri

9、ef introduction to Jane Austen and Emma of her work1.1. A brief in a brief introduction to Jane Austens life and education Among the distinguished English novelists of the 19th century are several women. One of them is Jane Austen. She is indeed so fine an artist. She is credited with having brought

10、 the English novel to its maturity. Austens strength lies in her realism, in her presentation of the actual problems of behavior and sensibility in an actual, concrete society. This pretty young lady has charmed us for more than one and a half centuriescharmed away dull hours, created vivid and live

11、ly characters, bestowing happiness and harmless mirth upon generations to come. She was born on December 16.1775, the seventh of eight-six boys and two girlsJane Austen had more than common varied contact with the limited world of provincial gentry because her father was a country clergyman. The rec

12、tor of Steventon in the county of Hampshire in South-central England. She lived with her family at Steventon until they moved to Bath when her father retired in 1801. After his death in 1805, she moved around with her mother, and finally in 1809 they settled in Clawton, near Alton. Hampshire. Here s

13、he remained, except for a few visits to London. Until in May 1817 she moved to Winchester to be near her doctor. There she died on 18 July 1817. Though she was away from home many years for company of her elder sister Cassandra in two boarding schools, returning home at the age of nine only. She had

14、 the advantage of growing up and studying in an educated family. In the evenings amid the needle work and other domestic actives, Mr. Austen read aloud. Some time was probably devoted to the utility of “improving” conversation”. In addition, the Austen was a novel-reading family. Though she was comp

15、letely isolated from literary friendship, and never in touch with professional writers or critics, Jane Austens compensations were almost unique. Inheriting the culture of the classics and a respect foe style from were fluent penmen, sharing her thoughts, and ambitions, above all, blessed with a sen

16、se of humor and the love for the life. But for the novelist she was to become, her “education” was totally in the provincial community in which she came to maturity and of which she was to remain ever fond, as both a place to live and a scene to delineate.Jane Austen, in her life span of only forty-

17、two years, composed a large number of literary pieces. As a girl she wrote stories, including burlesques of popular romances. Four novels were published during her lifetime. They are Sense and Sensibility (1813), Mansfield Park (1814), and Emma (1816). Two others novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuas

18、ion were published posthumously in 1818 with a biographical notice by her brother, Henry Austen, the first formal announcement of her authorship. She also left two earlier compositions, a short epistolary novel, Lady Susan, and an unfinished novel, The Watson. At the time of her death she was workin

19、g on a new novel, Sanditon, a fragmentary draft of which survives. Jane Austens novels are restricted to a very limited worlda confined sphere made up of a few families of relatives with their friends and acquaintances. She has depicted, with enormous wit, tenderness and humor, the lives and thought

20、s of the middle class. The plots of her novels revolve around the intricacies of courtship and marriage between members of the class. She concentrated upon eternal mixed qualities of humanityof human relationships -exemplified in the provincial society about her. It seems to be the result of Jane Au

21、stens conscious decision to limit herself to what she knew intimately, and not the result of any abnormally narrow understanding or lake of interests in the outside world.In commenting on the narrowness of her literary world and vision, some critics wonder if novels of such small scope can truly ref

22、lect the human condition. However, Jane Austen talents are uniquely suited to her subject. Although she chooses as her subject the people she knows best, she illuminates in their characters the follies and failings of men and women of all times and classes. Though the domain of Jane Austens novels w

23、as circumscribed as her life, her caustic wit and keen observation made her the equal of the greatest novelists in any language.1.2. A Brief Introduction to Emmathe Book Emma is the climax of Jane Austens genius and the Parthenon of fiction. It is “The happiest if love stories, the most fiendishly d

24、ifficult of detective stories and a matchless repository of English wit”. Thus comments Ronald Blythecritic and writer, editor of Emma. Emma is a social snob, over-sure of her own judgment, and so has a propensity for matchmaking. The extent of Emmas self-delusion is nowhere more apparent than in he

25、r overvaluation of Harriet Smith. Harriet engages Emmas attention because she is a very common sort of girl who can be easily patronized: She was not struck by anything reasonably clever in Miss Smiths conversation, but she found her so pleasantly gratefuland so artlessly impressedthat she must have

26、 good sense and deserve encouragement (P53). As we are told in Chapter IV, Harriet is useful as a companion and as a sounding board for Emmas reflections. Therefore it is quite obvious that Emma takes kindly only to these social inferiors who are willing to be patronized by her. As a result, Harriet

27、s expectation becomes raised to such a height as to lead her to turn down Robert Martins proposal of marriage and set her cap for Mr. Elton. Emma thus destroys the sturdy independence of the Martin family. But Emma is shocked to discover that Mr. Elton is interested in herself rather than in Harriet

28、. Consequently, Emma doesnt draw any lessons from this mistake. Then, she supposes wrongly again that Frank Churchill is in love with Harriet. When the engagement of Frank with Jane Fairfax reaches her ears, hers another attempt of help to Harriet is in vain. In addition, when Harriet shows that it

29、is Mr. Knightly that she loves, Emma realizes till now how much of her happiness depends on being first with Mr. Knightly, first in interest and affection(P404). But now she was threatened with the loss of it. Eventually, this final shock awakens Emma and makes her to be determined to correct her ow

30、n errors.In the book, Jane Austen shows clearly the heroines delusions and her gradual enlightenment, her selfishness, and how she learns to cope with it with the suitable guide of Mr. Knightly. So we can say that a more descriptive title for Emma might be The education of Emma Woodhouse, which will

31、 provide the process of how the heroine grows from self-delusion into maturity.Emma, like Jane Austens other novels, deals with the subject of young ladies finding proper husband. On the surface this is what the story line of Emma is about. But the total subject matter of the book concerns much more

32、 than that. The theme is mans absurditiesnot the high-minded and exceptional absurdities of tragedy or the grim ones of Swiftean satire, but those common, frequent, and more laughable ones of society, its code of manners, and its fabricated engagement of mans time, thought and energy. Beneath Austens satiric comedy is a moralistic realism. By picturing the real incongruities of social matters, she implies what may be right: the ideal balance between common sense and goodness, between rationality and imagination or emoti