考研英语一试题及答案 注释.docx

1、考研英语一试题及答案 注释2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his par

2、ents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young mans parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may ve

3、to the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Bu

4、ddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the brides and grooms wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditional

5、ly move in with the wifes parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is

6、18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.Aby way of Bon behalf of Cas well as Dwith regard to2. Aadapt to Bprovide for Ccompete with Ddecide on3. Aclose Brenew Carr

7、ange Dpostpone4. AAbove all BIn theory CIn time DFor example5. AAlthough BLest CAfter DUnless6. Ainto Bwithin Cfrom Dthrough7. Asince Bbut Cor Dso8. Acopy Btest Crecite Dcreate9. Afolding Bpiling Cwrapping Dtying10. Apassing Blighting Chiding Dserving11. Ameeting Bcollection Cassociation Dunion12. A

8、grow Bpart Cdeal Dlive13. Awhereas Buntil Cif Dfor14. Aobtain Bfollow Cchallenge Davoid15. Aisolated Bpersuaded Cviewed Dexposed16. Awhatever Bhowever Cwhenever Dwherever17. Achanged Bbrought Cshaped Dpushed18. Awithdrawn Binvested Cdonated Ddivided19. Abreaks Bwarms Cshows Dclears20. Aso that Bwhil

9、e Conce Din thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion

10、industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieti

11、ng.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. Thats a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to deathas some have done. It tells the fashion indus

12、try that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty

13、. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures（措施）, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-

14、deepand bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine（罚款） and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types（类型）. In D

15、enmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to Frances actions, Denmarks fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions （制裁，约束力）regarding the age, he

16、alth, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised（修订，修正） Danish Fashion Ethical（伦理的，道德的） Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charters main tool of enforcement is to deny a

17、ccess for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better w

18、ould be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A Physical beauty would be redefined.B New runways would be constructed.C Websites about dieting would thrive.D The fashion industry would

19、 decline.22.The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning toA heightening the value of.B indicating the state of Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countrysi

20、de” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyon

21、e forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hills pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They dont make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs cons

22、tant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable deve

23、lopment has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Ru

24、ral England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the

25、London are alone, with no intrusion on green bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favo

26、urs rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their characte

27、r. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europes most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-den

28、sity urban living. There is no doubt of the alternativethe corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” Wrote Milton

29、 Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit”. But even if you accept Firedmans premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders money, things may not be absolutely clear-c

30、ut. New research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their busin

31、esses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a companys products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a companys products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under Americas Foreign Corr