Qualitative research methods 定性研究方法的基本知识 英语写作技巧.docx

1、Qualitative research methods 定性研究方法的基本知识 英语写作技巧Basic things you should know about qualitative research methods 定性研究方法的基本知识Hello readers! As you are reading you will get to know the basic things about qualitative research methods. From their definition to their importance and types, you will get to k

2、now everything about them. Moreover, you can get personalised assistance if you are a newbie to research or gathering information as it is not a topic over which you have mastered. You can go to research experts for assignment help and work in a better way.Qualitative research definition Qualitative

3、 research is defined as a research method that focuses on obtaining data through open-ended and conversational communication. This method is not only about “what” people think but also “why” they think so. For example, consider a convenience store looking to improve its patronage. A systematic obser

4、vation concludes that the number of men visiting this store are more. One good method to determine why women were not visiting the store is to conduct an in-depth interview of potential customers in the category. On successfully interviewing female customers, visiting the nearby stores and malls, an

5、d selecting them through random sampling, it was known that the store doesnt have enough items for women and so there were fewer women visiting the store, which was understood only by personally interacting with them and understanding why they didnt visit the store, because there were more male prod

6、ucts than female ones. Therefore, the qualitative research methods allow for in-depth and further probing and questioning of respondents based on their responses, where the interviewer/researcher also tries to understand their motivation and feeling.How is qualitative research conducted?1. Questions

7、 Quantitative research method u tilises polls and surveys to gather information on a given subject. There is a varied range of survey questions based on a nature of the research study. For Example : If you want to conduct a customer satisfaction quantitative research, the Net Promoter Survey is one

8、of the critically acclaimed survey questions for this purpose.2. Distribution Quantitative research uses email surveys as the primary mode of gathering responses to questions. Alternatively, technology has given rise to offline distribution methods for relatively remote locations using various mobil

9、e data capture apps available online. For social sciences and psychological quantitative research, social media surveys are also used to gather data.3. Statistical Analysis Quantitative research uses a wide range of data analysis techniques such as cross tabulation, trend analysis and conjoint analy

10、sis. Qualitative research methods with examples Qualitative research methods are designed in a manner that they help reveal the behavior and perception of a target audience with reference to a particular topic. There are different types of qualitative research methods like an in-depth interview, foc

11、us groups, ethnographic research, content analysis, case study research that are usually used. The results of qualitative methods are more descriptive and the inferences can be drawn quite easily from the data that is obtained. Qualitative research methods originated in the social and behavioral sci

12、ences. Today our world is more complicated and it is difficult to understand what people think and perceive. Qualitative research methods make it easier to understand that as it is more communicative and descriptive. If you want some more examples and understand it better, you can go for assignment

13、help online and learn the techniques and tactics by experts. Types of qualitative research methods 1. One-on-One Interview Conducting in-depth interviews is one of the most common qualitative research methods. It is a personal interview that is carried out with one respondent at a time. This is pure

14、ly a conversational method and invites opportunities to get details in depth from the respondent. One of the advantages of this method provides a great opportunity to gather precise data about what people believe and what their motivations are. If the researcher is well experienced asking the right

15、questions can help him/her collect meaningful data. If they should need more information the researchers should ask such follow up questions that will help them collect more information. These interviews can be performed face-to-face or on phone and usually can last between half an hour to two hours

16、 or even more. When the in-depth interview is conducted face to face it gives a better opportunity to read the body language of the respondents and match the responses.2. Focus groups Focus groups are one of the most commonly used qualitative research methods, practiced for A focus group usually inc

17、ludes a limited number of respondents from within your target market. The main aim of the focus group is to find answers to the why what and how questions. One advantage of focus groups is, you dont necessarily need to interact with the group in person. Nowadays focus groups can be sent an survey on

18、line on various devices and responses can be collected at the click of a button. Focus groups are an expensive method as compared to the other qualitative research methods. Typically they are used to explain complex processes. This method is very useful when it comes to market research on new produc

19、ts.3. Ethnographic researchIt is the most in-depth observational method that studies people in their naturally occurring environment. This method requires the researchers to adapt to the target audiences environments which could be anywhere from an organization to a city or any remote location. Here

20、 geographical constraints can be an issue while collecting data. This research design aims to understand the cultures, challenges, motivations, and settings that occur. Instead of relying on interviews and discussions, you experience the natural settings first hand. This type of research method can

21、last from a few days to a few years, as it involves in-depth observation and collecting data on those grounds. Its a challenging and a time-consuming method and solely depends on the expertise of the researcher to be able to analyze, observe and infer the data.4. Case study research The case study m

22、ethod has evolved over the past few years and developed as into a valuable qualitative research method. As the name suggests it is used for explaining an organization or an entity. This type of research method is used within a number of areas like education, social sciences and similar. This method

23、may look difficult to operate, however, it is one of the simplest ways of conducting research as it involves a deep dive and thorough understanding of the data collection methods and inferring the data.5. Record keeping This method makes use of the already existing reliable documents and similar sou

24、rces of information as the data source. This data can be used in a new research. This is similar to going to a library. There one can go over books and other reference material to collect relevant data that can likely be used in the research.6. Process of observation It is a process of research that

25、 uses subjective methodologies to gather systematic information or data. Since, the focus on qualitative observation is the research process of using subjective methodologies to gather information or data. The qualitative observation is primarily used to equate quality differences. Qualitative obser

26、vation deals with the 5 major sensory organs and their functioning sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. This doesnt involve measurements or numbers but instead characteristics.Data and analysis A. Qualitative Data Collection Qualitative data collection allows collecting data that is non-numeric

27、and helps us to explore how decisions are made and provide us with detailed insight. For reaching such conclusions the data that is collected should be holistic, rich and nuanced and findings to emerge through careful analysis. 1. Whatever method a researcher chooses for collecting qualitative data

28、one aspect is very clear the process will generate a large amount of data. In addition to the variety of methods available, there are also different methods of collecting and recording the data. For example, if the qualitative data is collected through focus group or one-to-one discussion, there wil

29、l be handwritten notes or video recorded tapes. If there are recording they should be transcribed and before the process of data analysis can begin. 2. As a rough guide, it can take a seasoned researcher 8-10 hours to transcribe the recordings of an interview, which can generate roughly 20-30 pages

30、of dialogues. Many researchers also like to maintain separate folders to maintain the recording collected from the different focus group. This helps them compartmentalise the data collected. 3. In case there are running notes taken, which are also known as field notes, they are helpful in maintainin

31、g comments, environmental contexts, nonverbal cues etc. These filed notes are helpful and can be compared while transcribing audio recorded data. Such notes are usually informal but should be secured in a similar manner as the video recordings or the audio tapes. B. Qualitative Data Analysis Qualita

32、tive data analysis such as notes, videos, audio recordings images, and text documents. One of the most used methods for qualitative data analysis is text analysis. Text analysis is a data analysis method that is distinctly different from all other qualitative research methods, where researchers analyze the social life of the participants in the research study and decode the words, actions etc. There are images also that are used in this research study and the researchers analyze the context in which the images are used and draw inferences from them. In the last decade, text