大学英语教学课件（大二上册）metaphors-of-Culture文化理解.pptx

1、,Metaphors of Culture,an icebergsoftware of our mindthe rules of the gamean onionwater that fish is swimming in,1,1)An Iceberg,Objective culture:history,literature,and customs.(visible,small part)Subjective culture:feelings and attitudes about things.(invisible,large part),2,Which of the following a

2、re above the water and which are below?What people eatWhat people wearWhat games children playHow to use timeHow to introduce peopleHow to participate in ceremoniesRules for gesturesRules for facial expressions and eye contactEtiquetteWork speedWhat is right or wrong,beautiful or ugly,clean or dirty

3、,good or bad,etc.Car parking,3,4,3)The Rules of the Game,Everybody is playing in any particular society although we generally are not highly aware of the rules at any given moment.These shared rules of the game tell us how to communicate with others and how to interpret the behavior of those around

4、us.,5,Case Study,Richard,an engineer from the United States,was invited to take tea with one of his British colleagues while he was in England.This was a purely social,relaxed occasion.Tea was served along with sugar and cream.As he helped himself to some sugar and cream,he sensed he had done someth

5、ing wrong.Can you tell what went wrong?“Help yourself”VS.“Be my guest”,6,4)An Onion,The onion has three different layers.the outer layerthe middle layerthe inner nuclear layer.By the same token,culture like an onion.when you strip it layer by layer,you will notice the fact that the culture also have

6、 three layers.,7,Three Levels,Three levels of culture that are more clearly observable:1)The outer level:symbols,such as words,color or other artifacts that carry a special meaningThe middle level:heroes,such as admired persons who serve as an example for behaviorThe inner nucleus level:rituals,such

7、 as ways of greeting and paying respect,8,Example Americans in Cultural Onion,Symbols:no separation among offices,humorous language and dressed individually.Heroes:Albert Lincoln,for democracy;Bill Gates,taking risk and innovative.Rituals:small power distance,equal,names directly,Values:freedom,dive

8、rsity,risk-taking and innovativeAny examples of C9 hinese in Cultural Onion?,Seven Layers&Three Levels,artifactsbehaviorfeelingsvaluesbeliefsworldviewultimate allegiance,10,1)Foundational level,2)Evaluating level,3)Actualizing level,外层：象征物，语言、食物、服饰、建筑、时装、艺术中间层：英雄人物性格，可敬英雄人物的影响 核心层：礼仪，打招呼、尊重等,11,Thre

9、e Levels,基础层（内）：理解世界的开始和根本，我们的心理地图评价层（中）：检查和评判人生的自动系统。实现层（外）：对现实的实现及最基础心理地图的实现。,12,Three Levels,Seven Layers,制品行为感觉价值信仰世界观忠诚,13,5）Water that Fish Is Swimming in,The fish notices everything except the water he is swimming in.The fish takes the water for granted.We take everythingaround us for granted.,14,Characteristics of Culture,Culture is shared.It is learned.It is transmitted from one generation to another.Culture is dynamic,changing constantly.,15,Thank you!,16,