采矿英语1.docx

1、采矿英语1Multiple choice.单项选择（20*1）1. Surface mining was the earliest method of extracting coal. 2. Longwall mining consists of driving one or more gates or entries approximately 91 to 182m apart. 3. Even a small amount of water in low coal can cause miner discomfort and result in reduced productivity.4

2、. That the coal has formed from accumulations of plant material has been well established.5. Factors must be investigated include not only the quality and quantity of the coal but the geologic, hydrologic, and engineering characteristics of the seam and its surrounding strata. 6. Unsafe practices st

3、em from many sources, all of which must be eliminated if accidents are to be prevented. 7. They are believed to be local concentrations of algal or fungal material.8. It is important that gravity be used as much as possible to minimize the power required to transport the water. 9. Roof control is a

4、never-ending task along haulways and airways that must be maintained for the life of the mine. 10. The lead drum will mine almost two-thirds of the coal, clearance must be provided under the machine for the coal to pass by on the conveyer.11. The first steam engine was invented by James Watt in 1775

5、. 12. If the material blinds on one screen, it must blind on more screens.13. Records of training received by each employee are required by federal law and are also necessary so that management can comply with the law when making work assignments to employees. 14. Longwall mining was used here and t

6、here in the US until about 1910. 15. Rock differs from most other engineering materials in that it contains fractures of one type or another which render its structure discontinuous. 16. Heavy rainfalls can cause serious damage to equipment and completely paralyze operations. 17. Sufficient unit shi

7、fts must be worked to assure that production goals are fulfilled. 18. However, it is so small that it is ignored in the calculations.19. As the coal is removed from the seam, the face is usually advanced by either conventional mining or continuous mining methods.20. In the late 1970s, men were emplo

8、yed for mine haulage, and human power gave way progressively to dogs, horses and finally mechanized power.21. There are several basic types of supports available today.22. Studies conducted at The Pennsylvania State University have shown that continuous mining machines have motors larger than they n

9、eed when cutting coal only, but not when mining top and bottom.23. The first use of diesel-powered equipment in underground mines in Germany is believed to have been in 1939.24. Falls of roof account for over 50% of the fatalities that occur in coal mines in the US.25. Usually, a pair of shuttle car

10、s is employed; one car is in a position for loading while the other is traveling.26. Of course, inby the first working section, this value would decrease progressively, section by section.27. Sulfur dioxide emission standards, on the other hand, are nearly all upgraded by washing.28. Because the air

11、 quantity necessary is determined by face requirements, it can be achieved only by providing suitable area of airways.29. No open flame is permitted in any underground coal mine area.30. For this reason, it is common to see two bolters on a conventional section.31. Generally two shuttle cars travell

12、ing on separate routes for changeout are used to speed up the loading.32. Pressures induced vary directly as fan speed squared, and directly as density.33. The diesel engine was invented in 1882, but its practical application was not demonstrated until 1897.34. The retreating system calls for little

13、 or none of the expenditure usually involved in maintaining roads through the goaf. 35. This is an area that has been badly neglected.36. Whiting system, designed to overcome the disadvantages of the Koepe system, has two 3 to 5-grooved driving sheaves.37. The accident prevention fundamentals apply

14、to all industries. 38. A number of manufacturers are producing various components for a complete telemetering system.39. Lighting of mines is an area that has been badly neglected.40. In the peat swamp in which vegetable material accumulated, streams periodically overflowed their banks.41. It is obv

15、ious that the accumulation of much technological information is a prelude to a sound economic evaluation.42. Pollution of surface and underground waters, which has been going on much longer, also is becoming increasingly serious.43. Unsafe practices are just as important as unsafe conditions. 44. On

16、ly after this has been done can the cost of producing coal be forecast with any accuracy.45. With the optimum design, coal fragments after blasting are neither too big nor too small.46. One of the major concerns for longwall mining is the extent of surface subsidence and its induced surface structur

17、al damages.47. The single entry would soon become of such length and confinement that services could not be readily supplied.48. Each technique has its defenders as well as its outspoken critics.49. In some mines, the drainage is excellent and water causes few problems; in others, lack of drainage r

18、esults in severe inundations. 50. The efficiency depends on the choice of explosives, the firing means and so on.51. The resistance of the mine is a(n) matter of layout and maintenance of the ventilating network, and is controlled by the mine operator.52. Maps drawn to show the entire mining propert

19、y may be plotted to a very small scale.53. Another disadvantage is that it is not so flexible as mechanized board and pillar and the longwall advancing methods.54. It is interesting to note that such an complete monitoring package is being considered by at least one coal mining company for one of it

20、s new mines.55. The longer the acid-forming materials are exposed to the atmosphere, the greater the amount of acid that will be formed.56. Usually, a pair of shuttle cars is employed; one car is in a position for loading while the other is traveling.57. All coals contain combustible mineral, and it

21、s origin is a part of the problem of the origin of coal.58. Practically every piece of equipment in an underground coal mine today operates electrically, whether from batteries or from the mine electrical distribution system.59. It may be easier to keep the tubing closer to the face than it is with

22、a line brattice.60. They maybe from a fraction of an inch to several feet wide and usually extend laterally for many feet to hundreds of feet.Fill in the blanks.填空 （10*1）1. The majority of modern mine fans are the axial-flow type. 2. European coal mining industry is dominated by shaft mines.3. The s

23、election of a portable site involves numerous factors, such as method of access, method of ventilation, type of haulage system, and expected life of the mine.4. Drifting operations differ from tunnel operations because of the smaller size, the use and the temporary nature of the drift compared to th

24、e tunnel.5. There are two broad types of roof as far as support concerned. They are immediate roof and main roof.6. In determinations of rank of coal, mineral matter is excluded from the analysis as it in no way reflects the degree of metamorphism of the coal. 7. The type of planning that provides f

25、or the continued operation of the mine over a long period of time is called long-range planning; and the type that provides the detail that is necessary for the operation on a day-by-day basis is called short-range planning.8. The abutment pressure occurring in solid coal in front of the longwall fa

26、ce is called front abutment; and the rear abutment is located in the gob area bridging between the head entry and tail entry. 9. The longwall system consists of a combination of three basic equipments. They are a support system, a coal mining machine and a haulage system.10. Most coal mine fires res

27、ult from electrical failures.11. The carbon content of coal supplies most of its heating value.12. Coal mining involves both basic unit operations in the production and handling of coal and auxiliary operations of a service mature that are essential but do not directly contribute to the output of co

28、al.13. The longwall can be mined either on advance or on retreat.14. To minimize the problems associated with an influx of unwanted water into underground mines; a four-step process of control is suggested: prevention, collection, transportation, and disposal.15. The highest rank of coal is meta-ant

29、hracite.16. The amount of air flow induced in a mine will depend on fan characteristic and mine resistance.17. People working underground must use only electric lamps permissible under federal and state laws, and no open flame is permitted in any underground coal mine area.18. Unbalanced hoisting is

30、 the simplest form of hoist, and is used for prospecting, handling men and supplies, and for mines with small outputs.19. Unless the air is properly distributed to the face, the mine ventilation system is not performing its primary function.20. The ratio of the weight of a cubic foot of the solid to

31、 the weight of a cubic foot of water is called the specific gravity.21. The method of locating subjects, lines, or areas in relation to a reference point or line is called surveying.22. One major cause of unsafe practices is lack of knowledge or skill.23. One of the keys to establishing vegetation a

32、fter surface mining in the arid and semiarid western states is proper regrading techniques.24. The intensity of damage to the surface structures depends not only on the characteristics but also the amount of the deformation.25. Face haulage is done by various transportation devices, but the most common method is to use shuttle cars.26. The thickness of the overburden results in very high ground pressure.27. The general fan laws are the same for either axial-flow or centrifugal fans. The only differences are in the