高考英语第二轮热点专题复习代词.docx

1、高考英语第二轮热点专题复习代词高考英语第二轮热点专题复习代词内容解读1. 不定代词的用法；2. 替代词的用法；3. it 的用法；4. 其他不同性质代词用法差异。规律方法1近五年代词的考查点集中在不定代词上，考查角度有两个：一是考查它们相互间的意义和功能差别，如：all, everything 和anything 等的意义差别，it, that 和one 不同的指代功能；二是它们之间语法牲的差异，如it (代词) 和which (关系代词) 的区别。2试题注重了情景干扰，注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系，而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂，正确分析其结构、理解句意在解题中起着很重要的作用。高考对代词

2、的考查将继续沿着两条主线前进；1. 加强语境的真实性和复杂性。2. 加强对语义较丰富、语法较复杂的不定代词的考查。突破方法：1. 英语中代词的相关知识庞杂，代词在语言使用中又极力频繁，所以，代词的用法看似简单，其实不易。建议考生认真对待代词，不可掉以轻心。2. 首先要从整体上把握代词的知识，如代词种类的划分：人称代词；物主代词：形容词性物主代词，如your；名词性物主代词，如yours；反身代词；相互代词；指示代词；不定代词；疑问代词；连接代词（名词性从句）；关系代词（定语从句），了解各类代词的一般用法。更重要的是，根据上面所介绍的高考考查热点，更重点掌握几组易混词，尤其是不定代词间的用法区别

3、。知识梳理清单一 物主代词、反身代词和疑问代词一、物主代词的用法物主代词1形容词性物主代词只作定语：This is our classroom. His father is an engineer.2名词性物主代词1）作主语：This is her coat. Mine is over there.2）作宾语：Something has gone wrong with my bike. May I use yours ?3）作表语：This book isnt mine; its Toms.说明： 英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译。如：Jack took off his co

4、at and went to bed.杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了。 “of + 名词性物主代词”可用作定语。如：Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.我的一些朋友要出席我的生日晚宴。That car of hers is always breaking down. 她的那辆小车总是出毛病。二、反身代词的用法反身代词：1作宾语1）动宾：Tom taught himself Chinese.2）介宾：The boy is old enough to take care of imself.2作表语：She is not quite he

5、rself today.她今天身体不太舒服。3作同位语：I myself can repair the bike. The table itself has only three lege.说明：含有反身代词的惯用语 与介词连用Youll have to see if he has gone to the school for yourself. (for oneself 亲自)你得亲自去看看了是否去学校了。The computer can shut off itself. (of oneself 自动地)计算机会自动关机。Jim is ot bad in himself, but he is

6、 a little shy. (in oneself地质上)吉姆本人并不坏，可有点害羞。You shouldnt leave the child by himself at home. (by oneself 独自)你不应把孩子独自留在家里。One would rather have a bedroom to oneself. (to oneself 独自享用)最后是与每个人都各有自己的卧室。 与动词连用be oneself 处于正常状态，显得自然enjoy oneself 玩得愉快behave oneself (be polite; show good manners)boast onese

7、lf 自夸come to oneself 苏醒devote oneself to 专心于；献身于find oneself to 随便吃，自行取用make oneself at home 不要客气seat oneself ( = sit )三、疑问代词1what, who一般说来，what 问的是职业或地位，who 问的是姓名。如： What was her husband ?她丈夫是干什么的？ He was a lawyer. 他是律师。 Who was her husband ?他丈夫是谁？ He was John Forbes, the son of a famous writer. 他是

8、约翰福布斯，一个著名作家的儿子。2what, which which 用于已知情况的选择，其后可跟of 短语；what 用于未知情况的疑问，其后不能跟of 短语。如：What fruit do you like best ?你最喜欢什么水果？Can you tell us what school you graduated from ?能告诉我们你毕业于什么学校吗？Which do you like better, oranges or apples ?你比较喜欢桔子还是苹果？Which of you would like to go to that island ?你们中谁乐意去那个岛？Wh

9、at are you looking for ?你在找什么？3whatever, whichever, whoever 分别为what, which, who 的强调形式。如：Whatever do you want ? 你到底想要什么？Whoever gave you the book ? 究竟谁给你的这本书？4注意下列疑问词的使用与汉译的差别What is the population ? 人口是多少？What is the distance ? 距离有多远？What is the price ? 价格是多少？What is the address ? 住在哪里？What is the a

10、ttitude ? 态度怎样？What is the height / depth / width / size / weight ?高度/深度/宽度/长度/大小/重量是多少？清单二 不定代词的用法一、不定代词一览表可数one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, (a) few 不可数much, (a) little可数不可数oone, any, other, all, some 复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything; someone, somebody, something; everyone, everybod

11、y, everything; nobody, nothing 二、不定代词的语法特征1every 和no 只能用作形容词，不能用作代词。2复合不定代词只起代词作用，作主语时，谓语动词一概用单数。表物为的复合不定代词，指代词用单数，即：it, its; 表人类的复合不定代词，指代代词通常用复数，即：they, their 或them 等。He said something was lost, but he didnt say what is was. 他说有什么东西丢了，但没说是什么。Someone is waiting for me at the school gate, but I have

12、 no idea who they are (or who he or she is).有人不得校门口等我，但我不知是谁。3复合不定代词都不可接of 短语，但some one, every one, any one 都是两个词，之后可接of 短语（注意no one 不可接of 短语）。Every one of the students can speak good English.这些学生中每个人都能说一口流利的英语。4除它们之外，其他的不定代词既可用作代词，又可用作形容词（none 只作代词）。形容词修饰复合不定代词时，必须置其后。三、不定代词的用法难点1none, no one, noth

13、ing 的用法区别 none 既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用来回答how many /much 引导的疑问句；no one 只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who 引导的疑问句；nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what 引导的疑问句。如： How many people are there in the room now ? None. Who is in the room ? No one / nobody none 往往与前面的(some / any / every ) + n. 匹配构成试题；而nothing 往往与something, anythi

14、ng, everything 相匹配构成试题；no one / nobody 往往与someone / somebody, everyone / everybody, someone / somebody 相匹配构成试题。如：I need someone to help me, but there is no one here. I need something to drink, but there is nothing. I need some students to help me to carry the tools for experiment, but there is none

15、here. Is there anyone in that room ? No, no one. Is there anything in that room ? No, nothing. Is there any student in that room ? No, none. none 后面可加of 引导的介词短语，而something / anything / everything / nothing; someone / anyone / everyone / no one 却不能。2. each 和every each 强调“个体”，起代词和形容词作用；every 强调“全体”，只能

16、作定语。Each 作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用not each 来表示部分否定，而not every 表示部分否定。如：The tickets each cost ten dollars.这些票每张十美元。（each 作同位语，不能用costs）Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。= Not every man is honest. every 还可表示“每融的；每中的”，如下列说法中只能用every。every year or two 每一两年every now and then 时常every other day 每隔一天Choose one ou

17、t of every ten boys. 每十个男孩中选一个。one car to every 20 people 每20人乘一辆车3. another, other, the other, others, the others 的用法一览表不定代词意义用法说明another任何一个，另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词。如：I dont like this coat. Show me another, please.other另外的只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the, this, that some, any, each, every, no, one

18、 及my, your, his 等时，则可与单数名词连用。如：any other plant, every other day。the other两者中的另一个常与one 连用，构成：one the other 一个另一个；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”others泛指别的人或物是other 的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，构成someothersthe others特指其余的人或物是the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物。4全部否定和部分否定all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every + 名词

19、都表示全部肯定：no one, none, nobody, nothing, nothing, not any, 以及no + 名词都表示全部否定；但当not 出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。如：Both of them havent read this story. = Only one of them has read this story.并非他们二人都看过这个故事。All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.这些男孩都很聪明，但没有一个

20、人能解出这道题。All bamboo doesnt grow tall. = Not all bamboo grows tall. = Some bamboo grows tall, but some doesnt. 并非所有的竹子都长得高。We fear no difficulty.= we dont fear any difficulty. 我们不怕困难。Neither of them wants to stop for a rest.他们两个谁也不愿意停下来休息。另外。 any 所修饰的名词或由any 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词不能用否定式。也就是说，我们只能说not any，

21、但不能说any not。如： Anything cannot stop him going there. Nothing can stop him going there. 任何事不能阻止他去那儿。 总括性副词如everywhere, always, altogether (全然地)，wholly（全部地）和not 连用时，也表示部分否定。例如：Such a thing cant be found nowhere.这种事什么地方也见不到。5Both, all, either, any, neither, none 的用法都任何都不两者both eitherneither两者（以上）all an

22、y none如： I had to buy all these books because I didnt know which one was the best. It is easy to do the repair. All you need is a hammer and some nails. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came. Which of the three ways shall take to the village ? Any way as you please. We had thre

23、e sets of the garden tools and we seemed to have no use for any.清单三 替代词的用法one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those 关于替代词试题，首先要明白使用替代词的目的就是要代替前面的名词，以避免重复。那么，做题时首先要弄清替代词替代什么样的名词，如：可数还是不可数？是泛指还是特指？其中one 用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念相当于a/an +单数名词；ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，有时可用that 代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。The ones 用来代替前面的特指的复数名

24、词，有时可用those代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。that 用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the +单数/不可数名词。如：Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one ( = a present ) that I have never seen.Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones ( = many presents ) that I have never seen.The book on the desk is better than that / t

25、he one under the desk. The books on the desk are better than those / the ones under the desk.清单四 it 的用法一、代词it 的主要用法如下：1用作人称代词，指代前面提到的事物。如：This is not my book. It is Marys.2用来代替指示代词this 或that。如： Whats this ? It is a dictionary. Whose jacket is that ? It is hers.3指人 Who is knocking at the door ? Its m

26、e.The baby no more cried as soon as it saw its mother.The child is crying now. Go and see it.4指时间、距离、天气、环境等。如： Whats the time now ? Its ten past eight.Its getting colder and colder now.Its about ten minutes walk from my home to the school. It was very quiet at the moment.5指代前面整个句子的内容。如： Our team won

27、 the football match. Have you heard about it ? The Parkers boutght a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in. 6表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词，后面跟上it 然后再跟从句，其从句作it 的同位语。如： I hate it when people ask me for money. 我不喜欢别人向我要钱。 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. I like it in au

28、tumn when the weather is clear ad bright. I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.7it that thing or situation not mentioned but understood by the speaker and the hearer（未指明但谈话双方心里都明白的）那件事、那种情况。如：I cant stand it ( = this situation ) any longer. 我再也不能容忍这种情况了。How is it ( = you life, work ) going

29、 ? 近况如何？The worst of it is that well have to get the repair done again. Do you like it here ? Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.8it 还可用作形式主语、形式宾语以代替主语从句、宾语从句。高考例题The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”A. This B. There is

30、 C. That is D. It is 答案 D 解析 本题考查it 作形式主语的用法，但B项却有很大的干扰性，但根据题干所提供的内容，B项很明显不符合逻辑。在中学教学中常与there be 结构连用的有：There is no doubt that / There is possibility that / There is no need to do sth. 等，这些句型在复习中要熟练掌握。小试牛刀 （练习一）每套练习30个小题，15分钟完成。1. The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A. they B. it C. one D. which 2. Many people have been helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs _ for the poor.A. more B. who else C. many D. most 3. If this dictionary is not yours, _ can it be ?A. what else B. who else C. which elses D. who elses 4.