句型转换.docx

1、句型转换初中英语语法大全：句型转换 每年的中考试卷中，“句型转换”题所占分值较大，是为了全面考查学生在初中阶段所学的词汇（同义或反义）、短语、句型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之间的灵活运用能力。 .题型介绍 所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子A，再根据括号内的要求（有时没有明确，须自己观察），在第二个句子B的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。 .题型分类 从形式上看，有如下几种形式：某一词或词组的转换；词组与句子的转换；同义句型的转换；为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目。从内容上看，此题型涉及的面较广，主要有：句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句（肯定与否定）、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换；句

2、子结构方面的转换。即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换；语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换；常用句型与词汇手段的转换。 .具体分类如下 一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换 1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句，大部分是用not来改变谓语结构，但也有借用否定意义的词，如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, hardly等，例如： A：Tom does well in maths. B：Tom doesnt do in maths. A：He has much to do. B：He has nothing to do. A：

3、All of my classmates like art. B：None of my classmates likes art. 2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少，来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如： A：My brother often has breakfast at school. B： Does your brother often have breakfast at school? A：Toms already weak in English. B：Toms already weak in English, isnt he ? A：The red light change

4、s every two minutes. B：How often does the red light change? 3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性，来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式，例如： A：This is an interesting book. B：What an interesting book this is! 或 How interesting this book is! 二、同义句转换。 根据上句，写出一个意思相同（或相近）的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下： 1、同义词或词组之间的转换。（通常上下句时态保持一致）。 常见的同义词或词组有：(1)四

5、个“花费”（spend-take-cost-take）；(2)三个“到达”（get to-reach-arrive in/at）；(3)四个“收到来信”（hear from-get a letter from-receive a letter from-have a letter from）；(4)两个“擅长于”（be good at -do well in）；(5)两个“有空”（be free-have time）；(6)三个“入睡”（go to sleep-get to sleep-fall asleep）；(7)两个“玩得开心”（enjoy oneself-have a good tim

6、e）；(8)“给打电话”（call sb-telephone sb-ring sb. a call-make a telephone to sb.）(9)“飞往”（fly to-go toby air/plane）(10)“自学”（teach oneself-learnby oneself）(11)在方面帮助helpwith-help (to)do(12)在差be weak in-do badly in(13)能/会can-be able to(14)更喜欢likebetter than-preferto(15)充满了be full of-be filled with(16)放弃干give u

7、p doing-stop doing(17)不再 no longer-not any longer(18)照顾/保管 take care of-look after(19)展览 on show-on display(20)阻止干stopfrom doing-keep/preventfrom doing(21)由于 thanks to-because of(22)举手hands up-put up ones hands(23)最后，终于at last-in the end(24)与不同 be different from-be not the same as(25)从借入 borrowfrom-

8、lendto(26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go toby bus/train/taxi-take a bus /train/taxi to(27)乘自行车去 go toby bike-ride a bike to(28)为感到自豪 be proud of-be the pride of(29)步行去 walk to-go toon foot (30)独自地by oneself -alone等。例如： A：The children had a good time in the park. B：The children enjoyed themselves in the park. 2、同义句型之间

9、的转化。常见的同义句型有It seems that 从句Somebody seems（to be）+adj/n Its kind of sb. to doSomebody is kind to do What doesmean?What do you mean by? 或Whats the meaning of?There is something wrong withSomething is wrong with notuntil与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换 Whats wrong with?Whats the matter with? How is?What

10、slike?How do you like?What do you think of?Its time thatIts time for sb. to doIts said thatPeople say thatCan I help you? What can I do for you?例如： A：I went to bed after I finished my homework. B：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework. 3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如： A：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, theyl

11、l go to the park. B：Unless it rains tomorrow, theyll go to the park. A：If you dont hurry, youll be late. B：Hurry up, or youll be late. A：Fish cant live if there is no water. B：Fish cant live without water. 4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中，结束性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有：buy-have, borrow-keep, die-be dead

12、, open-be open, join-be in+组织/be a +成员, begin-be on, leave-be away from, close-be closed, arrive in/ get to/ come/go to-be in/at, finsh-be over, go to sleep-be asleep，get up-be up.例如：The old man died five months ago.The old man has been dead since five months ago.The old man has been dead for five m

13、onths.Its five months since the old man died.Five months has passed since the old man died. 5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。 含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如： A：I saw they were playing football on the playground. B：I saw them playing football on the playground. A：The teacher found that she was very clever. B：The teacher found he

14、r very clever. A：He found that it was hard to learn English well. B：He found it hard to learn English well. A：We are sure that we will win to first match. B：We are sure to win to first match. 由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。例如： A：Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station? B：Could you tel

15、l me how to get to the railway station? A：We dont know what we should do next. B：We dont know what to do next. 由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until + doing例如： A：They went home after they finished their work. B：The went home after finishing their work. A

16、：Mr Smith has taught English since he came to China. B：Mr Smith has taught English since coming to China. When sb. +be+数词+years oldat the age of+岁数 A：When he was twelve years old, Edison started writing his own newspaper. B：At the age of twelve, Edison started writing his own newspaper. 由sothat引导的结果

17、状语从句可转化为tooto do或enough to do例如： A：The box is so heavy that I cant carry it. B：The box is too heavy for me to carry. 或：The box isnt light enough for me to carry. A：The child is so old that he can go to school. B：The child is old enough to go to school. 由so that 引导的目的状语从句可转化为in order to do例如： A：My fa

18、ther got up early this morning so that he could catch the early bus. B：My father got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus. 由because 引导的原因状语从句可转化为because of例如： A：We didnt go to the park because it rained. B：We didnt go to the park because of the rain. 定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如： A：The man

19、 who is on the bike is Jim. B：The man on the bike is Jim. A：The man who is driving the red car is my boss. B：The man driving the red car is my boss. A：The girl who is called Mary is my sister. B：The girl called Mary is my sister.6、用并列连词neithernor；eitheror；bothand；not onlybut also连句。例如： A：I havent se

20、en a TV play for long, and Lily hasnt either. B：Neither I nor Lily has seen a TV play for long. A：Tom is good at maths, and he is good at French, too. B：Tom is good at both maths and French. neithernor, eitheror和not onlybut also连接两个主语时，谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定，即“就近原则”，但是bothand用来连接两个主语时，谓语复数。 7、主动语与被动语态的互变。 “主

21、动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。“三变”即是主语，谓语和宾语的变化，“二不变”即时态不变，句式不变。例如： A：They make watches in the town. B：Watches are made by them in the town. A：I can finish the work before eight. B：The work can be finished（by me）before eight. A：Do they grow rice in South China? B：Is rice grown in South China? 注：使役性动词make或感观性动词

22、see/watch/look at/hear/listen to/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时，必须加上to. A：I saw him take your umbrella. B：He was seen to take your umbrella. 8、形容词、副词二级之间的转化，例如 A：Chinese is the most important subject of all. B：Chinese is more important than any other subject. A：This exercise is easier than the other t

23、wo. B：This exercise is the easiest of the three. .解题指导 要做好句型转换题，必须注意如下几点： 1、注重掌握教材中的基本句和同一句子英语的不同结构表达技巧。 2、弄清题意，明确题目考查点，了解题目所给句子与答句之间的关系。 3、注意从多角度，全方位考虑问题，突破难点，注意复查，看是否按要求完成了转换。 通过上述的归纳和指导，可以理清学生的“依章办事”的解题思路，养成“有条不紊”的解题习惯，培养多角度思维解题的能力，从而达到提高学习效率的目的。特殊疑问句注：1、一般情况：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成。2、特殊疑问词在句中充当成分。3、不用yes

24、,no回答，直接回答。4、读降调。5、常用疑问词：who, what, whose, where, how, which, when, why, how many, how much, how far. How long, how often, how soon, how high, 等。对划线部分提问。（把各句变为特殊疑问句）1、对主语（人）提问：The boy is running now. Who is running now?2、对表语（人）提问：He is Lilys father. Who is he ?3、对介宾（人）提问：She is looking for the littl

25、e boy. Who is she looking for ?4、对动宾（人）提问：I often help Wei Hua with English. Who do you often help with English?5、对间宾（人）提问：Kate lent Tom a ball yesterday. Who did Kate lend a ball yesterday?6、对主语（东西）提问：The books are on the desk. What are on the desk ?7、对表语（东西）提问：These are boats. What are these?8、对动宾

26、（东西）提问：I want a cup of tea. What do you want?9对职业（提问）提问：The man is a farmer. What is the man ? What does the man do?10.对介宾（东西）提问：He is looking for his pen. What is he looking for?11、对是什么提问：Its a Chinese car. What is it?12、对计算结果提问：Six and nine is fifteen. What is six and nine?13、对年级提问：Im in Grade Thr

27、ee. What grade are you in?14、对班级提问：Li Lei is in Class Five. What class is Li Lei in?15、对年级和班级提问：Wei Hua is in Class Three Grade One, What class and grade is Wei hua in ?16、对排提问:We are in Row One. What row are you in?注：、对年级、班级、排提问时，问句中的in 不能去掉，what 后的grade ,class ，row用小写形式3,what根据实际译为汉语17、对学号提问:Lucy

28、is Number Six. What number is Lucy? What is Lucys number?18、对后置定语提问:This is a map of China. What map is this ?19、对颜色提问:The flowers are red. What color are the flowers?20、对几点几分提问:Its six. What time is it ? Whats the time?21、对名字提问:My name is Li Lei. Whats your name ?22、对前置定语提问:These apples are yours.

29、Which apples are yours?The best one is Lilys. Which one is Lilys?23、对表语（名物代）提问:This cup is yours. Whose is the cup?24、对后置定语提问:The boy in the hat is my brother. Which boy is your brother?25、对后置定语提问:I want to buy the shirt on the left. Which shirt do you want to buy?26、对主语（名物代）提问:Mine is red. Whose is red?27、对定语（形物代）提问:They are my books. Whose books are they?28、对定语（名词所有格）提问:This is Lucy and Lilys room. Whose room is this?29、对表语（名词所有格）提问：This cup is Kates. Whose is this cup?30对身体提问：Im fine (well, OK, All right.) How are you?31、对年龄提问：The boy is fifteen. How old are you?32、对天气提问：Its cloudy today.