运作管理第12版英文版hrom12ismch05.docx

1、运作管理第12版英文版hrom12ismch05ChapterDesign of Goods and ServicesDiscussion Questions1.Explicit documentation accomplishes two things: (a) It provides the information necessary to produce (capacity, training, routing, costs, etc.) the product in the appropriate fashion (b) If the product we produce does n

2、ot perform as we anticipated, the documentation provides the basis for finding and correcting the problems in a logical manner.LO 5.5: Describe how goods and services are defined by OM AACSB: Analytical thinking2.Product definition includes engineering drawings, written specifications, bills of mate

3、rial, formulas, storyboards, portion control documents, scripts, insurance policies, etc.LO 5.5: Describe how goods and services are defined by OM AACSB: Analytical thinking3.Investment, market share, product life cycle, and breadth of the product line are all linked to the product decision.LO 5.2:

4、Describe a product development system AACSB: Reflective thinking4.Once a manufactured product is defined, the documents used are: Assembly drawings Assembly charts Route sheets Job instructions Standards manuals Work ordersLO 5.6: Describe the documents needed for production AACSB: Application of kn

5、owledge5. Concurrent engineering refers to speedier product development through simultaneous performance of the various stages of product development. The whole approach is facilitated by cross-functional teams. It is a systematic approach, not only for designing products and their related processes

6、, but it also includes manufacture and support. It replaces the traditional sequential engineering approach to product design, which is followed by process design and then production.LO 5.2: Describe a product development system AACSB: Application of knowledge6.Joint ventures are combined ownership

7、between two firms to form a new entity with a new mission. Alliances are cooperative agreements that allow firms to remain independent, but use complementing strengths to pursue strategies that support their individual missions.LO 5.2: Describe a product development system AACSB: Reflective thinking

8、 7.Japaneseintegrate product development into one organization; Traditionaldifferent phases of development done in distinct departments; Champion (or Product Manager)a manager shepherds the product through the development process; Teamsproduct development teams, design for manufacturability teams, v

9、alue engineering teams. This last version seems to work best in the West.LO 5.2: Describe a product development system AACSB: Reflective thinking8.Robust design means the product is designed so that small variations in production or assembly do not adversely affect the product.9.CAD benefits: mainta

10、in various kinds of engineering standards; check interference on parts that must fit together; and efficiently analyze existing and new designs for technical attributes such as strength, stress, and heat transfer.LO 5.2: Describe a product development system AACSB: Reflective thinking10. Integrality

11、 and modularity are product architectures that deal with the interconnectivity of components within a product. Modularity is the direct mapping from functions to components through the use of structurally independent building modules. Integrality deals with design dependencies that result in the cou

12、pling of component interfaces.The first challenge in this regard concerns with decomposing the system. Then, one has to consider how to change both the manufacturing processes in order to cope with high volume production, repetitive processes, and the job design to cope with the new requirements of

13、labor division due to design independency. Finally, supply chain has to take care of the sourcing decisions, i.e., in-house or outsourcing.LO 5.5: Describe how goods and services are defined by OM AACSB: Analytical thinking11.An engineering drawing shows the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and fi

14、nishes of a component.LO 5.6: Describe the documents needed for production AACSB: Application of knowledge12. The voice of the customer is a process for capturing the customers requirements. It can be used as the prime input in the application of quality function deployment to the design of the prog

15、rams.LO 5.6: Describe the documents needed for production AACSB: Application of knowledge13.The moment of truth is the moment that exemplifies, detracts from, or enhances the customers expectations.14.House of quality is a rigorous method aimed at that specific result. It identifies customer wants,

16、and relates them to product attributes and firm abilities. It orders the wants and measures the strength of the links between wants and attributes.15. From the customers point of view, there is a real and direct response simply because they know better than anyone else what they want and what they e

17、xpect from the product they will buy. The fact that development costs increase with each design phase, sometimes exponentially, means that the earlier the customers are involved, the less costly will be the design process. There is also a belief that the earlier the customers are involved in the dev

18、elopment phase, the more constructive and useful their feedback will be compared to when the product is at its final phases. Some disadvantages are that the customer selected may not be typical for the product and that the response time may take too long.LO 5.2: Describe a product development system

19、 AACSB: Application of knowledge16.Process chain is a sequence of steps that accomplishes a purpose by providing value to process participants. LO 5.7: Explain how the customer participates in the design and delivery of services AACSB: Application of knowledge17.Direct interactions in PCN analysis a

20、re those steps that involve interaction between participants. Surrogate interaction in PCN analysis includes process steps in which one participant is acting on another participants resources. LO 5.7: Explain how the customer participates in the design and delivery of services AACSB: Application of

21、knowledge18. (a)Interchangeability: Light bulbs, machine tools (slide rest lathe), machine parts (nuts, bolts)(b)Standardization: Standardized tests, ISO 9000, ISO 14000, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) (c)Modular design: Lego, Dell computers through website ordering, McDonalds fa

22、st food.LO 5.6: Describe the documents needed for productionAACSB: Application of knowledgeActive Model Exercise (answers based on use of scroll bars)Active Model 5.1: Decision Tree1.For what range of probabilities of high sales should we purchase the CAD system?Any probability above .272. “Favorabl

23、e market sales” has been defined as 25,000 units. Suppose this is optimistic. At what value would we change our de-cision and hire engineers?19,2403.“Unfavorable market sales” has been defined as 8,000 units. Suppose this is optimistic. At what value would we change our decision and hire engineers?4

24、,1604.How does the selling price affect our decision?At $73 or less, the profit for both options becomes negative, at which point it is best to do nothing.5.How sensitive is the decision to the manufacturing costs without CAD?At low costs we hire engineers. At high costs we use CAD. The break-even p

25、oint is $48.6.How sensitive is the decision to the manufacturing costs with CAD?At low costs we purchase CAD, while at high costs we hire engineers. The break-even point is $42.End-of-Chapter Problems (problems with asterisks are in MyOMLab only; problems with # symbols are not in MyOMLab)5.1 (a) If

26、 one or both components fail, then the system fails along with it/them; in other words, both components must not fail for the system to survive.(b)The probability is (0.9) (0.8) = 0.72. This means that the chances of being reliable is 72%; therefore, the probability of failure is 1 0.72 = 0.28 or 28

27、%.5.2Possible strategies: Smart Watch (introductory phase): Increase R&D to better define required productcharacteristics Modify and improve production process Develop supplier and distribution systemsTablet (growth phase): Increase capacity and improve balance of production system Attempt to make p

28、roduction facilities more efficient Hand calculator (decline phase): Concentrate on production and distribution cost reduction Attempt to develop improved product Attempt to develop supplementary product Unless product is of special importance to overall competitive strategy, consider terminating pr

29、oduction5.3*“Product-by-value” analysis for products A, B, C, D, E:IndividualTotalContributionContributionCKeep theseDDCA, EInvestigateBBthese forAreplacementE5.4#Amount budgeted = 650,000,000Cost of developing 15 new models = 15 20,000,000 = 300,000,000Cost of developing new platform = 650,000,000

30、300,000,000 = 300,000,000Therefore, number of car platforms = = 3 platforms5.5#For an existing organization, the student should build a house of quality, entering the wants on the left and entering the hows at the topas in Problem 5.4. An example of a house of quality for a lunch is shown at right:5

31、.6#Source: American Supplier Institute; 5.8#House of quality sequence for ice cream:5.9 (a)Total cost of make, TCm = 100,000 + 25XTotal cost of buy, TCb = 50XFor TCm = TCb or 100,000 + 25X = 50X or X = 4,000 unitsTherefore, for an annual volume range of 0 4,000 units, the buy decision is preferable, while for volumes above 4,000 units, the make decision is more economical.(b) Based on the result of part a), the make decision is more economical for a volume of 15,000 per year.5.10An assembly chart for the eyeglasses is shown below:5.12 Product structure in three lev