土木工程概论（英文版）Chapter 6 Hydraulic Engineering.pptx

1、第六章水利工程Chapter 6Hydraulic Engineering,Hydraulic Engineering,What is Hydraulic Engineering?The design and manufacture of pumping plant,reservoir valves,penstocks,pipelines and so on.The study pf the flow of fluids.In civil engineering this concerns mainly the flow of water,i.e.rivers,water supply,dam

2、 building,irrigation and drainage;and in mining the flow of viscous drilling fluids,ore pulps and hydraulic filling.,Hydraulic Engineering,Water usage:IrrigationHydroelectric power generationStorage for flood controlStorage for water supplyStorage of water for navigationMultipurpose damDams:They are

3、 massive structures built for storing water.,Hydraulic Engineering,Water resource engineering:Water resources engineering usually deals with the application of fluid mechanics principles to water flow problems,but may also include fluids ranging from blood to magma.Engineering hydrology quantifies t

4、he distribution and movement of water in the environment.Some problems encountered in water resources engineering include:floods,sediment transport,water supply,wave forces,hydromechanics,and the protection or restoration of surface and ground water resources.,Hydraulic Engineering,Water resource en

5、gineering:Engineers in the hydraulics/hydrology area may spend their time with applied mathematics,laboratory experimentation,or field construction and testing.The skills necessary range from imagination and common sense to sophisticated analytical and computer modeling ability.,Hydraulic Engineerin

6、g,Classification as per the structure:Dam as structure has to perform two major functions:1.Withstand heavy pressure of water;To avoid seepage of water,through the structure and through the foundation.,Hydraulic Engineering,Gravity dams:it is one which bears the pressure of water and other external

7、forces by its own weight alone.Arch dams:An arch resists the water thrust by arch action,and transmits the reaction force to the two abutments.Embankment dams:It with an core arrangement to prevent water percolation is an embankment dam.Earthen dams:They are cheap to construct and require no skilled

8、 labour.,Hydraulic Engineering,Components of a dam:The following are major components of a dam:River sluicesCanal sluicesSurplus worksDrainage gallery,Hydraulic Engineering,Water supply engineering:Water supply engineering is concerned with supplying enough quality of assured water supply for all hu

9、man activities in a town,village and city.The major functions areTo estimate how much quantity of water is needed for the present and the next few yearsTo investigate where to get that much waterTo establish how to take the water from the source to the townTo know what is the quality of the water av

10、ailable and what are the treatments needed to bring the water to the the expected standardsTo propose the storage and distribution of water,Hydraulic Engineering,Water requirements:Water requirement is stated as the quantity required per person,stated as usually per captia per daySources of waterInf

11、iltration galleriesRequirement of source,Hydraulic Engineering,Components of water supply schemes:,Hydraulic Engineering,Water treatment:ScreeningAerationSedimentationFiltrationDisinfectionSoftening,Hydraulic Engineering,Review QuestionsWhat are dams?How are dams classified as per its structure?What is a multipurpose dam?Explain the principle of a gravity dams.,