土木工程概论（英文版）Chapter 6 Hydraulic Engineering.pptx

土木工程概论（英文版）Chapter 6 Hydraulic Engineering.pptx

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第六章水利工程Chapter6HydraulicEngineering,HydraulicEngineering,WhatisHydraulicEngineering?

Thedesignandmanufactureofpumpingplant,reservoirvalves,penstocks,pipelinesandsoon.Thestudypftheflowoffluids.Incivilengineeringthisconcernsmainlytheflowofwater,i.e.rivers,watersupply,dambuilding,irrigationanddrainage;andinminingtheflowofviscousdrillingfluids,orepulpsandhydraulicfilling.,HydraulicEngineering,Waterusage:

IrrigationHydroelectricpowergenerationStorageforfloodcontrolStorageforwatersupplyStorageofwaterfornavigationMultipurposedamDams:

Theyaremassivestructuresbuiltforstoringwater.,HydraulicEngineering,Waterresourceengineering:

Waterresourcesengineeringusuallydealswiththeapplicationoffluidmechanicsprinciplestowaterflowproblems,butmayalsoincludefluidsrangingfrombloodtomagma.Engineeringhydrologyquantifiesthedistributionandmovementofwaterintheenvironment.Someproblemsencounteredinwaterresourcesengineeringinclude:

floods,sedimenttransport,watersupply,waveforces,hydromechanics,andtheprotectionorrestorationofsurfaceandgroundwaterresources.,HydraulicEngineering,Waterresourceengineering:

Engineersinthehydraulics/hydrologyareamayspendtheirtimewithappliedmathematics,laboratoryexperimentation,orfieldconstructionandtesting.Theskillsnecessaryrangefromimaginationandcommonsensetosophisticatedanalyticalandcomputermodelingability.,HydraulicEngineering,Classificationasperthestructure:

Damasstructurehastoperformtwomajorfunctions:

1.Withstandheavypressureofwater;Toavoidseepageofwater,throughthestructureandthroughthefoundation.,HydraulicEngineering,Gravitydams:

itisonewhichbearsthepressureofwaterandotherexternalforcesbyitsownweightalone.Archdams:

Anarchresiststhewaterthrustbyarchaction,andtransmitsthereactionforcetothetwoabutments.Embankmentdams:

Itwithancorearrangementtopreventwaterpercolationisanembankmentdam.Earthendams:

Theyarecheaptoconstructandrequirenoskilledlabour.,HydraulicEngineering,Componentsofadam:

Thefollowingaremajorcomponentsofadam:

RiversluicesCanalsluicesSurplusworksDrainagegallery,HydraulicEngineering,Watersupplyengineering:

Watersupplyengineeringisconcernedwithsupplyingenoughqualityofassuredwatersupplyforallhumanactivitiesinatown,villageandcity.ThemajorfunctionsareToestimatehowmuchquantityofwaterisneededforthepresentandthenextfewyearsToinvestigatewheretogetthatmuchwaterToestablishhowtotakethewaterfromthesourcetothetownToknowwhatisthequalityofthewateravailableandwhatarethetreatmentsneededtobringthewatertothetheexpectedstandardsToproposethestorageanddistributionofwater,HydraulicEngineering,Waterrequirements:

Waterrequirementisstatedasthequantityrequiredperperson,statedasusuallypercaptiaperdaySourcesofwaterInfiltrationgalleriesRequirementofsource,HydraulicEngineering,Componentsofwatersupplyschemes:

HydraulicEngineering,Watertreatment:

ScreeningAerationSedimentationFiltrationDisinfectionSoftening,HydraulicEngineering,ReviewQuestionsWhataredams?

Howaredamsclassifiedasperitsstructure?

Whatisamultipurposedam?

Explaintheprincipleofagravitydams.,