高考英语语法必考考点12状语从句.docx

1、高考英语语法必考考点12状语从句2019年高考英语语法必考考点（12）：状语从句含解析李仕才【考点解读】在复合句中，修饰主句或主句谓语的句子叫作状语从句。状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、比较和目的等九大类。一、状语从句引导词列表从句类型从属连词时间状语从句as, after, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, as soon as地点状语从句where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere原因状语从句because, sin

2、ce, as, now (that), seeing that, considering that, in that结果状语从句that, so that, so/such .that .目的状语从句so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, for the purpose that条件状语从句if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, in case, provided that比较状语从句than, as .as, not so/as .as方式状语从句as, as if/though, h

3、ow让步状语从句though, although, even if/though, however, whatever, as, while【点睛】(1)上述有些连词除了能引导状语从句外，还可引导定语从句和名词性从句。在使用的时候，要根据句子结构和句意来判别和区分不同的从句，正确使用引导词。以where为例，试比较下列多种从句的区别。You are to find it where you left it. (地点状语从句)Tell me the address where he lives. (定语从句，先行词为the address)I dont know where he came fr

4、om. (宾语从句)Where he has gone is not known yet. (主语从句)This place is where they once hid. (表语从句)(2)在两个分句间要有一个且只有一个连词，千万不能按汉语习惯。Because he was ill, he didnt come to school. He was ill, so he didnt come to school.(3)在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致(或从句的主语为it)，从句的谓语又包含动词be时，从句中的“主语be”部分可省略。When (he was

5、) asked about it, he kept silent.Fill in the blanks with articles when (they are) necessary.If (it is) possible, Ill explain it again later.She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone.二、时间状语从句1. “一就”的表达如下表词类常用词例句从属连词as soon asHe started as soon as he received the news.副词immediately, di

6、rectly, instantlyThey phoned immediately they reached home.名词/名词短语the minute/moment/second/instant, every/each timeThey ran away the moment they saw the guard.Each time I was in trouble, he would stand by.句型结构no sooner .than ., hardly/scarcely .when .No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rai

7、n.2. till和until的用法(1)肯定句中，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，意为“某一动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。He remained there till/until she arrived.(2)否定句中，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。I was not aware that I forgot my ticket till/until I got to the station.(3)till不可置于句首，until可以。(4)强调和倒装句中，not .until应视为一个整体，同时被强调或置于句首。It was not until

8、 you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.3. before和since的用法(1)before常用于表示“还未就；不到就；才；趁；还没来得及”等含义。We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.He rushed out of the house before I could say anything else.(2)句型It was/will be时间段before .意为“过了多久才”

9、。It was not long before . /It will not be long before .意为“不久就”。It will be one year and a half before I come back.It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是短暂性动词，主句谓语动词则是延续性动词或反复发生的动作。since引导的从句时态为一般过去时，主句时态为现在完成时或现在完成进行时。She has been working for the company since

10、she left school.(4)句型It is/has been时间段since .意为“自从到现在多久了”。It is a long time since I saw you last time. I have not seen you for a long time.It has been two years since I was admitted to this key middle school. I was admitted to this key middle school two years ago.It is three years since I smoked a c

11、igar. It is three years since I stopped smoking a cigar.三、原因状语从句1. because, as, since, now that的用法区别如下表：引导词位置内涵语气能否回答why能否强调because主句前或后直接原因强能能as主句前或后已知原因弱不能不能since/now that主句前Why are you absent from the meeting? Because I am ill.He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.As his mother was

12、 a great music lover, he lived with music from birth.Since his music style was new, he decided his hairstyle had to be new too!2. 除了状语从句外，一些介词短语也可以表示原因。如：because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, on account of等。They were late because of the traffic.3. for引导表示原因的并列句，补充说明根据什么推断出前一分句的结果。He must have gon

13、e to bed, for the light is out.四、地点状语从句注意地点状语从句与定语从句的区别，试比较：This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.Lets go where we can find a better job.五、目的状语从句与结果状语从句1. so that引导的目的状语从句及结果状语从句的区别：(1)so that引导目的状语从句时，只能置于主句之后，从句谓语部分常需用情态动词can, may, could等，可用in order that代替。后者更正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句前或后。(

14、2)so that引导结果状语从句时，从句的谓语部分一般没有情态动词，其作用等于so。试比较：We got up early so that we could catch the train. (此句只强调早起的目的，结果未明)We got up early so that we caught the train. (此句表明了早起的结果：赶上了火车)2. so .that与such .that引导结果状语从句的区别：其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。常见以下几种句型结构：(1)so形容词/副词that从句。He wa

15、s so excited that he could not say a word.(2)sucha/an形容词单数可数名词that从句。Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.(3)such形容词复数名词/不可数名词that从句。It was such fine weather that we went out for a walk.(4)so形容词a/an可数名词单数形式that从句。试比较：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. Mike is so honest

16、 a worker that we all believe him.(5)somany/much/few/little名词that从句。在“两多两少”(many/much/few/little)前要用so来修饰。He earned so little money that he couldnt support himself.3. 除了状语从句外，不定式in order to/so as to等也可以表示目的。In order to get home earlier, we had to run all the way.4. 除了状语从句外，too .to, enough .to, so .

17、as to, such (.) to等不定式结构也可以表示结果。We got up early enough to catch the train.六、条件状语从句1. 条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。后者应使用虚拟语气，试比较：If you work hard, youll make progress. (真实条件句)If you had worked harder, you would have passed the exam. (虚拟条件句)2. “祈使句and .”和“祈使句or/otherwise .”以上

18、两种结构中的祈使句都表示条件， and或or/otherwise后面的内容表示结果。Climb to the top of the mountain and youll see the whole city. If you climb to the top of the mountain, youll see the whole city.Hurry up, or/otherwise youll be late. If you dont hurry up, youll be late.3. “名词and .”结构此结构中的名词可改为if引导的条件状语从句，有时也可改为由when, after引

19、导的时间状语从句， and后面的句子表示主句内容。Another sound and the enemy would discover us. If we made another sound, the enemy would discover us.A few minutes and they went away. When/After a few minutes had passed, they went away.七、让步状语从句1. as引导让步状语从句时，需要使用倒装结构，表示强调。被强调的部分可为名词、形容词、副词等。若名词提前，要求省略冠词。Tired as he was (Th

20、ough he was tired), he continued his work.Much as I respect him (Though I respect him much), I cant agree to his proposal.Child as he is (Although he is a child), he could raise a stone of 100 kilos.2. while引导让步状语从句，一般放在句首。While (Although) I dont like it, I will try to learn it well.3. 注意“no matter疑

21、问词”引导的让步状语从句。No matter how hard (However hard) I have tried, I cant find the answer.八、比较状语从句注意两种特殊的比较状语从句结构：1. the more .the more结构。The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.2. A is to B what/as X is to Y结构。Food is to men what oil is to machines.九、方式状语从句1. 方式状语从句表示动作的方式。as之前常可用just加强语气。When i

22、n Rome, do as the Romans do.I did just as the teacher did.2. as if/as though引导方式状语从句时，常用虚拟语气。He talks as if he knew everything in the world.She spoke English so well as if she had been to America.状语从句是高考英语的一个十分重要的考点，几乎每年都考。综观历年高考英语试题以及近年来各省市试题，我们发现高考对状语从句的考查主要涉及引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与辨析。由于高考对状语从句的考查主要涉及引导状语

23、从句的从属连词的用法与辨析，所以在做状语从句考题时，考生在特别注意以下几点：(1) 要弄清状语从句的几个主要类别：如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句等，同时弄清它们相应的主要“引导词”及其相关意义。(2) 学会用语境分析法解题：综观历年高考英语状语从句考题，至少有90%的考题可通过分析语境来解决。具体做法是，将四个选项分别放入题干中，意思最明确，逻辑最通顺，最合情合理的，就一定是最佳答案。(3) 留意某些含有状语从句的特殊句式：如it issince，notuntil，hardlywhen，no soonerthan等。(4) 排

24、除命题干扰：有时命题者为了增加试题的难度和灵活性，可能会在题干中增加干扰成分，如增加修饰语或插入独立结构或插入语，使用省略结构或省略句式等，同学们在做题时要注意排除这些干扰。【真题分析】一、单项选择1. (2018江苏卷) _ youcansleepwell,youwilllosetheabilitytofocus,planandstay motivatedafter one ortwonights.A. Once B. Unless C. If D. When【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。A. Once一旦；B.

25、Unless除非；C. If如果；D. When当时候。故选B。2. (2018天津卷) Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend _they get sweet enough to be eaten.A. ever since B. as if C. even though D. so that【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句。句意:让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起；B. as if好像；C. even though尽管；D. so that以便。从句为目的状语从句，用 so

26、that引导，故选D 3. (2018北京卷) _ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. Although B. While C. If D. Until【答案】C4. (2017北京卷) If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _ you figure it out.A. because B. though C. until D. since

27、【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句。A. because因为B. though尽管C. until直到D. since自从。句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会去研究，学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止。根据句意可知选用umtil直到，选C。5.【2017北京】25. _ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句。A. Once一旦 B. If如果 C. Although尽管

28、D. Because因为。句意：尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔，但是他们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。根据语境可知前后之间是让步关系，故选C。6. (2017江苏卷) Located _ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.A. why B. when C. which D. where【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句。be located in+地点名词,位于坐落某地, where引导的地点状语从句在此相当于 in some place，故选D。句意：位于丝绸之路交汇处

29、的江苏省将会对“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡7. (2016北京卷) My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _ hes in his nineties.A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句。句意：即使是九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。A.as long as只要，引导条件句；B.as if似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；C. even though即使，引导让步状语从句；D.in case以防，引导目的状语从句。这里是转折关系，故选C。

30、8. (2016浙江卷) _online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.A. Since B. After C. While D. Unless【答案】C9. (2016北京卷) I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.A. because B. before C. unless D. until【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。句意：我非常喜欢听音乐，因为它能让我放松，使我不去想其它的事。前后是因果关系，故选A。10. (2015北京卷) _the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.A. Until B. Unless C. Once D. Although【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句。句意：一旦农田被毁坏，将需要许多年的时间才能得以恢复。A. until译为到为止，直到才，在以前；B. unless译为如果不，除非；C. once译