高中英语虚拟语气的教学设计与反思.docx

1、高中英语虚拟语气的教学设计与反思高中英语虚拟语气的教学设计与反思一、课程说明1、教材分析 牛津英语高二第六模块第三，第四单元语法项目是虚拟语气。通过教材设计的练习，学生先要理解虚拟语气所表达的含义，并能初步运用含有虚拟语气的句子来描述愿望。在此基础上，学生还要进行一些探究性练习，更加熟练透彻的掌握虚拟语气。教师应设计情景，让学生描述，然后归纳出虚拟语气的结构和用法。这样既可学习掌握虚拟语气，又可训练学生的思维。2、教学目标1)知识与能力目标：让学生了解并掌握虚拟语气的语法规则，解决通关练习题并在具体语言环境中灵活使用。2)过程与方法目标：教师引导与学生自主学习相结合，语法讲解与语法练习相结合,

2、 让学生在使用中掌握虚拟语气。3)情感态度价值观目标：培养学生自主学习与探究能力，增强学生合作意识，提高学生的语言分析能力和正确表达自己观点的能力。3、学生分析 本节课是一对一辅导教学，面向的学生基础知识掌握不够牢靠，知识的 运用能力较差，分析能力较弱，解题思路不清晰。在这种情况下，老师用语 应尽量使用简单句。设计的虚拟语气情景造句先易后难，先从容易的入手， 学会运动虚拟语气，再做难度稍大的题，这样可以使学生逐步掌握，并得到 提高。老师必须及时对学生的表现给予肯定和鼓励，以使学生保持学习英语 的兴趣，这样才有可能让学生学会、会学、乐学。4、教学重难点1）教学重点：了解和掌握虚拟语气语法项目的两

3、个概念。2）教学难点：能够运用此语法规则完成各种练习训练，并在实际语言活动中灵活运用。二、课前准备1. 教法：以学生为主体的教师讲解法，语法训练, 情景式教学2. 学法：自主学习，合作学习，探究互动式学习3. 教学手段：多媒体辅助教学4. 课时安排：一个小时三、课程设计（教学过程）第一步：课前准备和学生互相问候，回顾以前知识，让学生从放松状态进入到学习状态。第二步：活动，引入课程主题虚拟语气教师活动：请学生观看影片大话西游片段，提醒学生注意片中周星驰说的那句经典台词，鼓励学生用英语翻译出这句台词。 学生活动：观看影片，尝试翻译台词媒体活动：多媒体播放影片；多媒体展示问题：Could you g

4、ive a voice to the character in the movie in English? 多媒体展示这句台词的英语翻译。 教学设计意图：播放影片大话西游中周星驰说那句经典台词的一幕，那句台词恰好可以用虚拟语气来翻译，鼓励学生尝试用英语翻译这句话，给周星驰配音。学生翻译时很有可能出错，没关系，老师会帮助他们纠正错误。学生翻译的正确与否并不重要，重要的是轻松幽默地吸引学生的注意力，让学生参与进来，激发学生的学习兴趣。第三步：详细讲解虚拟语气的意义与用法1、虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。 2、条件

5、句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 1）真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表： 句型： 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形 例如：If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来，会带小提琴 来的。 典型例题: The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，

6、从句用一般现在时。 注意： * 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. （错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. （对） If you leave now, you will never regret it. * 表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall （will） +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 2）非真实条件句 虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。 A. 与现在事实相反的假设 条件从句 主句 一般过去时（be用were） sho

7、uld（would）等 +动词原形 例如：If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。 含义：They are not here, they cant help you. B. 与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句 主句 过去完成时 should（would）等+ have+ 过去分词 例如：If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I di

8、d not tell him about it. C. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should/would等 + 动词原形 were+ 不定式 should+ 动词原形 例如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。 If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 含义：You are not lik

9、ely to succeed, everything will be what it is now. 3)混合条件句 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如： If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。 （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，

10、今天就会很冷了。 4)虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如： Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。 Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他

11、了。 Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。 注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was，即 在从句中be用were代替。例如： If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 典型例题 _ to do the work, I

12、 should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常 将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意， 在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。 如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Werent I to do。 3、特殊的虚拟语气词should 1）在主语从句中的应用 It is demanded / necessary / a pit

13、y + that等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。 It is 可用的词有三类 that （should）do suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等 important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等 a pity, a shame, no wonder等 2）在宾语从句中的应用 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, de

14、mand, request, insist, command, insist + （should） do等。例如： I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。 He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。 注意：如suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 判断改错： （错） You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill

15、. （对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill. （错） I insisted that you（should）be wrong. （对） I insisted that you were wrong. 3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。例如： My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.

16、我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。 I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.我提了个建议，下周我们开个会。 4、wish的用法 1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： 主句 从句 从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的过去式为 were） 现在时 过去时 从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had + 过去分词） 过去时 过去完成时 将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形 例如：I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你

17、一样高。 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 2）wish to do；wish sb / sth to do。例如： I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。 I wish the manager to be informed at once. （= I want the manager to be informed at once.）我希望经理能马上得到消息。 5、比

18、较if only与only if only if表示只有；if only则表示如果就好了。If only也可用于陈述语气。例如： I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响就好了。 If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。 6、It is （high） time that It is （high） time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。例如： It is time tha

19、t the children went to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。 It is high time that the children should go to bed. 7、need 不必做和本不必做 didnt need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。 neednt have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。例如： John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。 John went

20、to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 （Mary步行回家了，没有遇上John的车。） 典型例题 There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried 答案D。neednt have done. 意为本不必，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。 M

21、ustnt have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldnt have done, 不可能已经。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。总结一下：虚拟条件句中的动词形式If 条件句主 句与过去事实相反had + donewould have +done与现在事实相反didwould dodidwould do与将来的事实相反should + dowould doWere to + dowould do第四步：课堂练习1、根据汉语写出句子。1） 要是他在这里, 我就可以亲自向他解释了。If he were here,_. 2）倘若她是个出色的演员的话，

22、像他这样的男人会赞许她的。_, such men as he would approve of her.3）如果她再往前去，走到他坐的雅座那儿，那她自然会看见他的。If she had come on to his compartment,_.4）他手头要是有件外套，准会把它穿上。_, he would have put it on.5）假如下雨, 我们只好取消明天的比赛。_, we would have to cancel the match tomorrow.6）假如我把他的情况全都告诉你，你会吃惊的。If I were to tell you all about him,_.7）如果什么

23、意外的事临到他的头上, 可就糟了。_, that would be too bad.8）如果没有他的帮忙，我应该已经失败。If it had not been for his help,_. 9）她多么希望自己能按她的愿望成功地同他和睦相处啊！How she wished_, in her own way.10）他希望他没讲过那样的话。He wished_2、用虚拟语气表达六话句 虚拟语气I wish as if If I If onlyMy suggestion / advice / proposal is that. I suggest第六步：课后作业 课后作业是一套关于虚拟语气的习题，做

24、完下堂课讲解，将虚拟语气这个重要要的知识点彻底掌握并巩固。虚拟语气练习题一、用所给动词的适当形式填空：Part A.1. If people _(drive) more slowly, there wouldnt be so many accidents.2. If you had worked carefully, you _(not make) so many mistakes.3. The boat wouldnt have drifted away, if we _ (tie) it up.4. If I had known you already _(have) a typewrit

25、er, I _(not, buy) one for your birthday.5. If he _(be) here this afternoon I would go with him.6. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match _(postpone).7. But for your help, we _(not be) able to finish the work in time.8. If it _(not, be) for the leadership of the Party, we would not have achieved so m

26、uch.9. I wish I _(study) hard while I was young.10. It is about time that fence _(mend).11. My request is that we _(hold) another session to discuss the problem.12. It is strange that the car _(break) down at exactly the same place where it _(break) down yesterday.13. The baby smiled as if he _(unde

27、rstand) what his mother _(say).14. He talked as if he _(do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I _(do) most of it.15. If only we _(have) a phone! Im tired of queuing outside the public phone box.16. - “Can we come in late tomorrow?” - “Id rather you _(come) in on time.”17. He looks as if he _

28、(be) ill for a long time.18. He always talks as though he _(address) a public meeting.19. If a metal _(heat), it will expand.20. I _(stay) home if it rains this evening.Part B.1. She would call you immediately if she _(need) help.2. If I had seen the movie, I _(tell) you all about it now.3. If he _(

29、decide) earlier, he could have left on the afternoon flight.4. _ I _(take) my umbrella with me when I _(come) out this morning, I _(not be) so wet now.5. If you had listened to me, you _ (not be) in such trouble now.6. I wish they _ (stop) making so much noise so that I could concentrate on my work.7. It is inconceivable that he _ (not see) me that day for I _