江苏专转本英语词汇经典总结.docx

1、江苏专转本英语词汇经典总结1. variety n. a variety of 多种多样的 = variouseg: Everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons. varieties of 各种 = variouseg: An eager farmer is always looking for new varieties of wheat. vary v. 变化various a.各种各样的variation n. 改变，变化variable a. 易变的，无常的diverse (adj.)-diversify (v

2、.)-diversity (n.)- a diversity of = diverse2. due: expected or supposed 预期的，约定的；到期的；适当的due to 由于，因为 Eg: His illness was due to bad weather / the fact that he cannot adapt himself to the climate of a new place. .水土不服 in due course 在适当的时候，适当时机 You must return the books to the library before they are d

3、ue. We must pay due attention to the spelling in our writing. be due to do sth 按照约定时间或者地点做某事 eg. The train is due to arrive in Shanghai at 3:00 am.3. confidence confidentconfidential(机密的） in confidence 秘密地，推心置腹地 private & confidential 机密Eg. I will tell you this in confidence. with confidence 信心十足地Eg

4、. He accepted the task with confidence. be confident of sth 对什么自信eg. He is confident of his ability to pass the band 4 exam. 4assure vt. 使确信; 向.保证; assure sb of sth. assure sb that eg I assure you that I will not say a word about this to anyone. I can assure you of the reliability of the information

5、. insure “给保险，投保”，常与against 搭配 eg. It would be wise to insure your house against fire. insurance company 保险公司 ensure = make sth ensure ensure that (保证) ensure sb sth (保证某人得到某东西) eg. To ensure the childs quick recovery, the doctor gave him an antibiotic. I will ensure you the ticket. guarantee “保证，确保

6、，为担保”eg. guarantee a product Take this opportunity, and I guarantee that you wont regret it. It is still under guarantee, so the manufacture will repair it. (仍在保修期) Give a guarantee of ones good behaviour.5. conquer (vt): defeat or overcome 克服, 征服 eg. It is very hard to conquer bad habits.conquerabl

7、e (adj.) conqueror (n.) 征服者, 胜利者 conquest (n.) 征服 conquer和overcome辨析conquer:征服，多指用暴力或斗争使其他事物置于控制之中。overcome:克服，强调艰苦的斗争，排除障碍而取得胜利，多用于克服精神方面的东西。eg. The Germans conquered most of the European Continent in 1941. We must overcome our shortcomings.6. day shift 白班 shift ones ground 改变立场 shift for oneself 自

8、谋生计 shift fromto 改变位置或者方向 eg. The wind shifted from west to north. range between A and B 在A和B之间变化或者变动; range from A to B从A延伸到B eg. Their ages range from 25 to 50. Prices range between $7 and $10.7. impressvt. (1) (often passive) 使获得深刻印象 (often passive) 使获得深刻印象; 铭刻，使铭记be impressed by/with (主语人) 被什么留下

9、深刻影响be impressed upon/on (主语物) 使某人牢牢记住eg. His words are strongly impressed on my memory. The beautiful scenery is strongly impressed on my mind. I am very impressed with the beautiful scenery. The teacher is deeply impressed by the students ability to solve the problem.(2) 铭刻，使铭记impress sb. with sth

10、 给留下什么印象impress sth on/upon sb 铭刻心中impress sth in/on ones memory 使 铭记在心Eg. He impressed me with the value of hard work. His words impress themselves on my memory. The girl impressed her classmate with her sense of humor. (3) to make a mark by pressing into, to 用硬物压上软物留下印记impress ones finger on the g

11、lass adj. an impressive speechn. have impression on sth 8. consider considered: carefully thought out 深思熟虑的Eg He hoped that the committee would think about his considered opinion.considerate:考虑周到的，体谅的considerable 相当多的considerable:相当大（多）的 consideration n.考虑，要考虑的事 take sth into consideration/account 考

12、虑到considering that 考虑到 considering:就而论 ，照来看eg She is very active, considering her age. consider as/ to be= regard as =think of as = look uponas9. schedule(n.) = timetable 程序表，时间表，节目表 (v.) 做的目录，安排 a TV schedule 电视节目表 a train schedule 火车时刻表 ahead of schedule提前 behind schedule 晚点 on schedule 准时have a f

13、ull schedule: 有很多情要做 be scheduled to do sth. 按时间日程计划做 eg: The president is scheduled to make a speech this evening. 10. relieve = give or bring relief to sb. re+lieve relieve sb. of sth.帮助某人拿（提/做等）；使某人免于 eg. The medicine the doctor gave him relieved his headache. We must relieve the students of thei

14、r burden from study. relief n. (much) to ones relief eg. When the danger was over, she uttered a sign of relief. (松了一口气) To my great relief = Much to my relief, I wasnt late. relieved (感到或者显得) 宽慰的,放心的 a relieved smile/ look/ expression11. envy羡慕别人拥有的东西同时也希望自己也拥有envy sth. eg. She has always envied my

15、 success.envy sb sth. eg I envy him that job.envy doing eg. I envy you having such a good opportunity.n. envy of sb envy at/of sthEg: He couldnt conceal his envy of me.Her colleagues were green with envy.be the envy of sb 成为羡慕或忌妒的对象envious adj. 羡慕的，忌妒的be envious of sb/sthEg: They were envious of his

16、 success.enviable adj 令人羡慕的jealous(adj.)-jealousy(n.) 妒忌，贬义词 be jealous of sb. 嫉妒某人 show jealousy to /towards sb. eg. He was jealous of Tom/ Toms success. She shows strong jealousy to other girls beauty.12. convinceconvince v. to make completely certain about sth; persuadeconvince sb. of sth. 使某人确信某

17、事，后面必须接人做宾语，不能做不及物动词。Eg. How can I convince you of her honesty?convince sb. thateg. What she said convinced me that I was mistaken.辨析： convince sb. 说服某人 believe sb. 相信某人说的话 He couldnt convince his father that John was telling the truth.convincing adj. 令人信服的convinced adj. 被说服的 13. failure n. v. fail

18、fail-failure; close-closure; expose-exposurefail v. fail to do eg: I failed to catch the last bus, so I had to walk home.fail sb. in 使某人在某方面不及格fail in sth/doing sth eg: fail in chemistrywithout fail 务必 Eg. You must pass the test without fail.14. involve vt. cause to become connected or concerned 使卷入

19、involvement (n.) make sth necessary as a condition or result 使成为必要条件或结果 involve sb/sth in (doing) sth 使某人某物卷入或陷于 eg. Dont involve other people in your mad schemes. Building the road will involve the construction of ten bridges. Dont involve me in solving your problem. The job involved me/my living i

20、n London.Taking the job would involve living abroad.be /get involved in 被卷入,牵涉；使专心于be / get involved with与混在一起；与密切联系eg. Dont involve me in your quarrel. All the children were involved in the school play. Do not involve yourself with those people.involved adj. 复杂的，不容易懂的 作前置定语和后置定语意义不同eg. the people i

21、nvolved 所涉及的人 the involved experience复杂的经历15. attempt (n.): effort to do sth. (v.) try to do sth. 尝试, 试图 make an attempt to do sth.=attempt to do sth. 试图做某事eg. A true friend will make every attempt to help you. Dont attempt the impossible.He attempted to win her love by sending her expensive gifts.

22、The enemys attempt at a surprise attack failed.16. denial n. 否定，否认；拒绝相信；脱离关系；拒绝给予，剥夺（应有的权利）e.g. He answered her request with a quick denial. The spokesman made a denial of the rumor that the United States would attack Iraq. the denial of basic human rights 剥夺基本人权 give a denial to 否决，拒绝meet with a fl

23、at denial 断然否认take/have no denial 不允许别人说个不字deny v. 否认；否定 +ing ; +that拒绝承认；拒绝接受 to deny a claim/a charge/an accusation eg. He denies attempting to murder his wife. She denied (that) there had been any cover-up.The department denies responsibility for what occurred. There is no denying (the fact) that

24、 quicker action could have saved them.（无可否认.）mit: to do something wrong or illegal commit a crime / a mistake / suicide/error Eg: Dont commit your promises to papers if youre not certain you can keep them. 如果你没有把握遵守诺言，就不应该写在文件上。 commit sth to memory 把某事记住 n. commitment 承诺，约定,义务 Eg. Come and look rou

25、nd our shop without a commitment to buy anything.adj. committed 效忠的，忠于的 committed = devoted 尽忠的，坚定的 eg. a committed doctor/ teacher commit oneself to sth./ doing sth.献身于 Eg: He has committed himself to supporting his children. Signing this form commits you to buying the goods.18.reluctantly(adv.)=un

26、willing be reluctant to do sth.=be unwilling to do sth.eg. She was very reluctant to admit the truth. reluctance n. with reluctance = reluctantly19. 辨析reveal, expose ,discover 和disclosereveal 基本义为“揭开”遮盖某物的帷幕以显露出该事物的真相，也可以表示“透露（消息）、泄露（秘密）、暴露（真相）”等，尤指“披露”迄今隐秘而不为人知的事情。 eg. I hate the people who reveal

27、the end do a film that you havent seen before.expose 语气较强，主要指“揭露、揭发”罪行或阴谋等丑恶的东西，也可指把人或物“暴露”于不利的环境。 eg. expose ones skin to the sun. expose crime / scandal / frauddiscover 发现本来存在但不为人知的事物。 eg. Columbus discovered the New Land.disclose 公开揭露尚未被公众所知的秘密事物；也可指将原先隐藏的东西“揭示”出来使人看见。 eg. He refused to disclose

28、his name and age.注：“显露”意义时，disclose 和reveal可以互换。20. apply to 应用 apply for 申请application 申请, 请求 (for) application form for a new passport 应用 (to) application software 应用软件 make a practical application of the principles 涂敷，敷用 a medicine for external/internal application （外敷内用）专心，努力 My work demands clo

29、se applications.Unit 2 Vocabulary1. challenge n./v. (an invitation) to compete in a fight or match; the quality of demanding competitive action, interest, or thought 挑战Eg: We received a challenge from the college to play against them at football.challenge sb. to do sth challenge sbs authority / righ

30、t to do sth 怀疑某人是否有权力/权利做某事Eg: I challenged him to a game of tennis. 我邀他比赛网球，一较高下。 challenging adj. 提出难题的，激励的，挑战的 Eg: a challenging job / test / assignment2. participate v. 参加 participate in sth = take part in sth eg: participate in a competition / discussion / meeting participant 参加者 participation

31、参加3. major较多的，主要的 adj. / n./ v. major (v.)+in 主修antonym: minor= smaller; less important be minor to 比地位低be minor/major/superior/inferior/prior/senior eg. She is minor to her best friend in the company.4. compete - competition - competitive - competitor v. 竞争 n. 竞赛adj. 竞争的n. 对手，竞争者compete against / with sb in sth for sth / to do sth eg: Several companies are competing against /