本科毕业设计日常生活中手势语的应用.docx

本科毕业设计日常生活中手势语的应用.docx

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本科毕业设计日常生活中手势语的应用

摘要

肢体语言是跨文化交际中的重要组成部分。

在人与人沟通或谈判时，大部分的人会使用手势语来表达各种信息。

随着经济全球化的发展趋势，肢体语言中的手势语以其简单明了的特性而广泛应用于跨文化交际中。

除了一些世界公认的手势语外，在不同文化里，大部分的手势语的含义会有差异。

在日常交流中，虽然使用口头语言的机会较多，然而手势语也同样重要。

本文通过介绍一些国内外常用的手势语并比较手势语的含义在不同国家的差异性，深入了解在跨文化交际中常见手势语的含义，这对于尽可能地避免跨文化交际时的文化误解和冲突有着重要意义。

关键词：

手势语；人类交往；跨文化交际

TableofContents

Abstracti

摘要ii

1.Introduction1

2.LiteratureReview2

2.1DevelopmentofHandGestures2

2.2DomesticandOverseasResearchActualities2

3.StatusofHandGesturesinLanguage4

4.OverviewofHandGestures5

4.1DefinitionofHandGestures5

4.2FunctionsofHandGestures5

4.3SignificanceofHandGestures6

5.ClassificationsofHandGestures7

5.1The“A-OK”7

5.2The“V-Sign”7

5.3The“Pointing”8

5.4The“Thumbup”8

5.5The“BeckoningSign”9

5.6The“Wave”9

5.7The“Corna”9

6.ApplicationofHandGestures10

6.1ApplicationofHandGesturesinDailyLife10

6.2ApplicationofHandGesturesinOtherFields10

6.2.1HandGesturesofRecognizingLies10

6.2.2HandGesturesofTrafficCommand11

6.2.3HandGesturesofBasketballMatch11

7.Conclusion12

References13

Acknowledgements14

Introduction

Theinterculturalcommunicationhasbecomethemainstyleofpeople’scommunicationwiththeprocessofglobalization,andtheverbalcommunicationisalwaysthemajorpartinthecommunication,however,thenon-verbalcommunicationisindispensable.Whenpeoplearetalkingwithothers,theyarenotjustusingwords,butalsousingfacialexpressionsandhandgestures.Forexample,wavingone’shandistosay“Good-bye.”Actually,handgesturescanalsoenhancespeaker’sconnectionwiththeaudience.

Humanssendandinterpretsuchsignalssubconsciously.Thisthesiswantstoexplorethehandgesturesofbodylanguagefromdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.Membersofaculturetypicallyknowonlythegesturesfromtheirownsociety.Forexample,Americansknowthemessagesofhandgesturessuchas“OK”,“Shameonyou”,and“Crazy”,buttheytendtobeignorantabouthandgesturesfromothersocieties.Similarly,mostIranianshavenoideathattheirmostobscenegesture（the“thumbsup”gesture）actuallymeans“goodluck”inAmericaandinmanyEuropeannations.

Whendoingarithmetic,manychildrentendtomovetheirfingersalmostsubconsciously,evensomeadults.TheAmericansoldiersweremakinga“V”signwiththeindexandthemiddlefingersasa“victorysign”whiletheJapanesewereusingitasa“peacesign”.Differenthandgestureshavedifferentmeanings,anddifferentcountrieshavedifferentgestures.Thesamehandgesturesalsohavedifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.Thethesistendstothethoroughdiscussionandtheresearchofthehandgesturesaroundsomecountries.

Thethesisconsistsofthreeparts.PartOneisanintroductiontohandgestures,theresearchbackground,thereasonsandpurposeofstudyinghandgesturesfromthedailylife.PartTwoisadetailedanalysisofhandgestures;itisalsodividedintofivechapters.ChapterOneistheliteraturereview.ChapterTwofocusesonthestatusofhandgesturesinnon-verbalcommunication.ChapterThreewillindicatetheoverviewofhandgestures,whichconsistsofthedefinition,functionsandmeaningsofhandgestures.ChapterFourisananalysisofclassificationsofhandgestures.Thelastchapterisabouttheapplicationofhandgestures.PartThreeisaconclusionofthethesis.

LiteratureReview

DevelopmentofHandGestures

Atthebeginningofhumansociety,theycouldnotcommunicatewithothersbysomespeciallanguages.Amassofdatahaveresearchedbyanyscientistsfromdifferentareas,suchaslanguagescientists,humanscientistsandhistoricalscientists,whotendtounderstandthedevelopmentofthehumanlanguage.Thecommonpointthattheyhavefoundisbodylanguage,whichhumancommunicateswithothersatthebeginningofhumansociety.Handsareflexiblepartsofbodyandplayanimportantroleinhumaninteraction,andthenalargenumberofhandgestureshaveappeared.Withthedevelopmentofthehumansociety,humanhasimprovedgraduallyonthephysicalandpsychologicalside,thescienceandtechnologyhavingbeendeveloped.Then,humancancommunicatewithothersbyspeakingandwritingthathavebecomethemajormethodsinthecommunicationarea,evenchattingontheinternetnowadaysaroundtheworld.However,thehandgestureshavenotdisappearedinthehumansocietyandplayanimportantroleinlife.

Inbodylanguage,handgestureshavebecomethebasiccommunicationmethod.Thehistoryofhandgesturesisuncertain,andthereisnoevidenceofitsexistencebeforethefirstdecadeofthe20thcentury（严明,2009:

7）.Abundanceofhandgesturesformthemajorpartamongthecommunicationprocesses,suchasthebusinessnegotiation,classroominstruction,militaryfield,andtheprincipalcommunicationmethodwithdisabledpersons.Eveninthespeech,thelectureralsousessomehandgesturestoexpresshismeaningstotheaudiences.Speechalsocontainssomehandgesturesofbodylanguageknownasparalanguage.Themeaningsofhandgesturesvaryamongvariouspartsofcountries,alsoamongculturalgroupsandbetweengenerations.Handgestureshavebecomefromasingleonetoanoptimizedcombinationofaseriesofmeans.Forexample,theOKsignacquireditsmodernconnotationfromtheancientworld.

DomesticandOverseasResearchActualities

IntheclassicalRomanera,Cicero,whowasanoratorpoliticianandphilosopher,concludedthathandgesturesasalanguagecouldbeunderstoodbypeople,althoughthepeoplewerebarbarian.Withdetailedresearchingofthesubject,hisstudyillustratedquitestrikinglyhowRomanspeakerscouldusegesturesinvolvingtheirarms,hands,andfingerstogiveextraforceandimpacttotheirwords.In1644,JohnBulwerwasthefirstpersoninEnglandtoproposeeducatingdeafpeople.Hewrotefiveworkstoexplorethebodylanguageinhumancommunication,particularlyhandgestures.HehadissuedasinglevolumeChirologiaandChironomiathathavedifferentpaginationsabouthandgestures,andthemainideawastoguidethedeafpeoplehowtoimprovetheirabilityofcommunicationwithhandgestures.

McNeillhasmadesomeconsiderationsontherelationshipbetweenlanguageandgesturebyhisbookLanguageandGesturein2000.Hismainargumentisthatgesturesandspeechareasinglesystembecausetheyoccuranddeveloptogether.Afterthat,someforeigncountrieshavedevelopedsomeratherripetheories.

Fromtheabove,wecanmakeitclearthatithasalonghistoryintheforeigncountriesfortheresearchingandanalyzingofhandgestures.However,Veryfewpeopleinsideourcountrystudyhandgestures.InChina,theresearchersofhandgesturespaymoreattentiontotheapplicationofthedisabledareaandtheteachingprocess.ManyChinesepeoplewouldbeconfusedbytheunknownhandgestureswhentheyvisittheforeigncountries.Thisthesistendstocomparethemeaningsofhandgesturesamongdifferentcultures.

StatusofHandGesturesinLanguage

Itissignificanttostudythestatusofhandgesturesinlanguagebeforeknowingthedetailedinformationofhandgestures.Broadlyspeaking,communicationconsistsoftwokinds:

verbalandnon-verbalcommunication.Verbalcommunicationconsistsofwordlanguageandthevariationsinmeaningwhichapersonputsintowordsthroughthewaytheyaresaid.AccordingtoBurgoonandSaine（1978）,non-verbalcommunicationisthequalitiesofbehaviorsknowntoallinacommunitywithouttheuseofwords,andsuchqualitiesorbehaviorsareintentionallyorthoughttobeintentionallygivenbythespeakerandconsciouslyreceivedbythelistenerandlikelytomakeafeedback（曹湘洪,2009:

93）.

Non-verbalcommunicationisalsocalledsilentlanguageandplaysakeyroleinhumanday-to-daylife.Dr.IsaN.Englebergassertedthat“Researchhassuggestedthatbetween60%and70%ofallmeaningsarederivedfromnon-verbalbehaviors（IsaN.Engleberg,2006:

133）.”Generally,manyresearchersclassifynon-verbalcommunicationasfourmajorparts,includingbodylanguage,paralanguage,objectlanguageandenvironmentallanguage（胡文仲,毕继万,2004:

6）.CharlieChaplinandmanyothersilentmovieactorswerethepioneersofnon-verbalcommunication;theyweretheonlymeansofcommunicationavailableonthescreeninthesilent-filmera.

Bodylanguageisaformofnon-verbalcommunication,whichconsistsofbodypostures,handgestures,facialexpressions,andeyemovements.Amassofdataofstudieswithinterculturalcommunicationindicatesthatbodylanguagehassixmajorfunctions,includingrepeating,complementing,substituting,regulating,contradicting,andaccenting（熊金才,孙丽霞,2001:

56-58）.Basicallyitissendandreceivedinavarietyofwayswithouttheuseofverballanguage.Fromancienttimestothepresent,mostpeoplearestillignorantoftheexistenceofhandgesturesofbodylanguageindailycommunication,letaloneitsimportanceintheirlives.

Differentfingersorthumbgesturescanconveyarangeofmeaningsindifferentcultures,frominsultstoapprovalorevenattraction.Manygoodspeakersorstorytellersusehandgesturestoillustratetheirstories.Handgesturesoftenhelpthespeakersandlistenerstoindicatetheirmeanings.

Whenpeoplecouldnotsayanythinginanemergencysituation,handgestureswouldconveysomeusefulmessagestoothersatthattime.Onsuchoccasions,smallgesturescanmakeabigdifference.Whenyouarereadinginthelibrary,ifsomeonespeakloudlyandyouwillmovetheindexfingertoyourlipsmeaning“bequiet”.Ahandsignalmaybesmall,perhapsbetrayingsubconsciousthinkingofsomeone.Itmayalsobeexaggeratedordonewithbothhandstoemphasizethepoint.Handsareoftenusedingreetings.Themostc