普通高等学校招生统一考试英语冲刺卷 解析版 +参考译文.docx
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普通高等学校招生统一考试英语冲刺卷解析版+参考译文
2019年普通高等学校招生统一考试
英语冲刺卷(解析版)
(考试时间:
120分钟试卷满分:
150分)
注意事项:
1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.作答时,务必将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(略)
听力共两节,满分30分。
【温馨提示】
做题时,先要将答案标在试卷上。
等录音内容结束后,将会有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节共5小题,每小题1.5分,满分7.5分;第二节共15小题,每小题1.5分,满分22.5分。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
5startlingstatisticsaboutrhinos
1.RhinoshavebeenonEarthforaround50millionyears.Inthattime,speciesintherhinofamilyhaveroamedacrossnotonlyAfricaandAsiabutalsoEuropeandNorthAmerica.TherewasevenarhinospecieswedubbedtheGiantUnicorn,whichgrewupto20feetinlengthandhadahornthatreached7feetlong!
2.Some500,000rhinoscouldbefoundacrossAsiaandAfricajustonecenturyago.Butsincethebeginningofthe20thcentury,theirnumbershavefallenprecipitously.Therewerejust70,000by1970andamere29,000inthewildtoday.
3.Thepriceforrhinohornisextremelyhigh—sohigh,infact,thatSavetheRhinoasksjournalistsnottopublicizeit.Althoughthepriceiswidelyreportedanyway,manyconservationistsworrythispublicitycanencouragemorecriminalstoentertherhino-horntradeandstimulatemoreconsumerdemand.Andregardlessofthespecificpriceforakilogramofrhinohorn,it'sworthnotingthatallthisfussisaboutkeratin—aproductthat'stheexactsamematerialashorsehooves,cockatoobeaks,andevenourhairandfingernails.Yes,youcangetthebasicallythesamethingforfreeeverytimeyoutrimyournailsorgetahaircut.
Whythehighprice?
PrimarilyrhinohornisusedintraditionalChinesemedicine,howeverthere'snoscientificproofthatrhinohornhasanymedicinalvalue.AccordingtoPBS:
"Overallthereisn’tmuchevidencetosupporttheplethoraofclaimsaboutthehealingpropertiesofthehorns.In1990,researchersatChineseUniversityinHongKongfoundthatlargedosesofrhinohornextractcouldslightlylowerfeverinrats(ascouldextractsfromSaigaantelopeandwaterbuffalohorn),buttheconcentrationofhorngivenbyatraditionalChinesemedicinespecialistaremany,manytimeslowerthanusedinthoseexperiments.Inshort,saysAmin,you’ddojustaswellchewingonyourfingernails."
4.Ifpoachinglevelscontinueastheyaregoing,wildrhinoscoulddisappearwithinthenext20years.Thiswouldbenotonlyadevastatingblowtotheworldasawhole,butalsotomanynationaleconomies,whichcouldcontinuetomakemoneyfromrhinosthrougheco-tourismandphotosafaris.Rhinos,likesomanybigfauna,areworthfarmorealivethandeadoverthecourseoftheirlonglifetimes,boththroughtheecologicalbenefitstheyprovidetotheirhabitatsaswellasthroughthethousandsuponthousandsofdollarstouristsarewillingtopaytoseearhinograzingpeacefullyinthewild.
5.SouthAfricaishometo74percentofthecontinent'sremainingrhinopopulation,accordingtoStopRhinoPoaching,yetmorethan6,100rhinoshavebeenpoachedinthatcountryinthelastnineyears."ThispoachingisbynomeansisolatedtoSouthAfrica;rhinopoachingissurgingacrosstheentireAfricancontinent,andisaconstantthreattothesmallerrhinopopulationsinAsia,"accordingtoSavetheRhino."Otherrhinostatesdonotregularlypublishpoachingstatistics,howeverupdatesareavailableinnewsreportsandpressreleases."
21.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatcanweinferabouttheGiantUnicorn?
A.Itbelongedtorhinospecies,whosesizewasextremelylarge.
B.Itwasakindofspeciessimilartorhinospecies.
C.Itbelongedtorhinospecies,whosesizewasthelargestamongrhinospecies.
D.Itwasacommonrhinospecies.
22.Fromwhattimehavethenumbersofrhinosdroppeddramatically?
A.Notmentioned
B.Onecenturyago
C.Fromthestartofthe20thcentury
D.Attheendofthe20thcentury
23.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Somefiguresaboutrhinos.
B.Thedangersrhinoswerefacedwith
C.Thewaystoprotectrhinos
D.Thealarmingfiguresaboutrhinosandtheircurrentsituation
【答案与解析】
文章标题是《关于犀牛的五组令人震惊的数据惊》。
本篇展现了关于犀牛的五组令人震惊的数据,通过这些数据,描述了犀牛的现状以及呼吁人们采取行动保护犀牛。
21.A事实细节题,本文第一段描述了被称作独角兽的一种犀牛,介绍了犀牛的概况。
文章通过对犀牛的细节描写,得知此题答案选A。
“犀牛已经在地球上生活了大约5000万年。
在那个时候,犀牛科的物种不仅漫游于非洲和亚洲,也漫游于欧洲和北美。
甚至还有一种犀牛,我们称之为巨型独角兽,它长到20英尺长,有一个长达7英尺的角!
”
22.C事实细节题,从什么时候开始犀牛数量急剧下降?
定位到文章第二段第二句话,“Butsincethebeginningofthe20thcentury,theirnumbershavefallenprecipitously.”但自20世纪初以来,它们的数量急剧下降。
根据这个信息可得知此题选C。
23.D主旨大意题,首先通过快速浏览后再认真阅读文章,即可得知此题选D。
关于犀牛及其现状的令人担忧的数字。
【文章大意】
1.犀牛已经在地球上生活了大约5000万年。
在那个时候,犀牛科的物种不仅漫游于非洲和亚洲,也漫游于欧洲和北美。
甚至还有一种犀牛,我们称之为巨型独角兽,它长到20英尺长,有一个长达7英尺的角!
2.仅仅一个世纪前,亚洲和非洲就可以发现大约50万头犀牛。
但自20世纪初以来,它们的数量急剧下降。
到1970年只有7万只,而今天野外只有2.9万只。
3.犀牛角的价格高昂,而事实上,如此之高以至于为拯救犀牛要求记者不要宣传其价格。
尽管价格已被广泛报道,但许多环保人士担心,这种宣传可能会鼓励更多的犯罪分子进入犀牛角贸易,并刺激更多的消费者需求。
不管一公斤犀牛角的具体价格如何,值得注意的是,所有这些小题大做都是关于角蛋白——是一种与马蹄、凤头鹦鹉嘴甚至我们的头发和指甲材料完全相同的产品。
是的,每次修剪指甲或理发,你都可以免费得到基本相同的东西。
为什么价格这么高?
犀角主要用于中医,但没有科学证据证明犀角具有任何药用价值。
根据PBS:
“总的来说,没有太多证据支持关于角的愈合特性的说法。
1990,香港中国大学的研究人员发现,大剂量犀牛角提取物能降低大鼠发烧(如赛加羚羊和水牛角提取物),但中药专家给予的角浓度比实验中使用的低很多倍。
阿民说到:
简言之,你最好咀嚼你的指甲。
”
4.如果继续进行偷猎,野生犀牛可能在未来20年内消失。
这不仅是对整个世界的毁灭性打击,而且对许多国家经济体也是如此,它们可以继续通过生态旅游和摄影旅行从犀牛身上赚钱。
像许多大型动物一样,犀牛在其漫长的一生中,通过它们为栖息地提供的生态效益,也通过成千上万的美元的旅游消费,游客们都愿意花钱去看犀牛在野外和平地放牧。
5.据StopRhinoPoaching统计,南非是非洲大陆剩余犀牛数量的74%,但在过去的9年里,南非已经有6100多头犀牛被偷猎。
“这种偷猎决不是孤立于南非;根据拯救犀牛组织的说法,犀牛偷猎正在整个非洲大陆蔓延,并对亚洲较小的犀牛种群构成持续的威胁。
其他犀牛州不定期公布偷猎统计数据,无论如何,新闻报道和新闻稿中都在不断地更新信息。
”
B
JulianTreasurecaresverydeeplyforyourears.That’swhyhe’sgivenTEDtalkslike“The4wayssoundaffectsus”and“Whyarchitectsneedtousetheirears.”Treasureisonamissiontomakepolicymakers,engineers,architectsand,well,everyonethinkmoreaboutwhattheyheararoundthem—becausethewaythingssoundhaveatangible,measurableeffectonhowwefeel,howweheal,howweworkandhowwelive.
Tothisend,Treasure’sTheSoundAgencyhasteamedupwithBiampSystemstocreateawhitepapercalled“BuildinginSound,”alookatthedatalinkingsoundandwell-being.
“Thispaperisbasedonexhaustivereviewofacademicpapers,andreportsfromnationalgovernmentsandmultinationalbodies,goingbacksome40years,”itbegins.“Theresearchexaminesthecausesandimpactsofsoundonourhealth,recoveryfromillnessorsurgery,ourabilitytoabsorbinformationandlearn,ourproductivity,andgeneralsenseofwell-being.”
Readthepaperinfull,orcheckoutsomeofthemostfascinatingfactsbelow.
Theestimatedcostofnoisepollutionis$30.8billionayear—andthat’sjustinEurope.TheWorldHealthOrganizationEurope’s2011report,“Burdenofdiseasefromenvironmentalnoise,”analyzestherelationshipbetweenenvironmentalnoiseandhealth.Inthisstudy,theycalculatethefinancialcostoflostworkdays,healthcaretreatment,impairedlearninganddecreasedproductivityduetonoise.Thetotaltheycameupwithisstaggering,consideringthey’relookingatjustonecontinent.
Eachyear,noisepollutiontakesadayoffthelifeofeveryadultandchildinEurope.Thissamestudyalsolookedatthecostofnoisepollutionintermsoflostlifeexpectancy.Shockingly,theydeterminedthatevery365days,onemillionyearsaretakenoffEuropean’scollectivelifeexpectancy—averagingtoadayperperson.
Ifyoucanhearsomeonetalkingwhileyou’rereadingorwriting,yourproductivitydipsbyupto66%.Openfloor-planofficesdistractworkerswithoutthemevennoticingit.InaclassicstudypublishedintheBritishJournalofPsychologyin1998,researchersfoundthatemployerswerehighlydistractedwhentheycouldhearconversationaroundthem,andlessabletoperformtheirduties.Anotherclassicstudyfoundthatnoiseintheofficealsocorrelatedtoincreasedstresshormonelevelsandalowerwillingnesstoengagewithothers.AccordingtoSoundAgencycasestudy,whensoundmaskingtechnologywasusedinanoffice,therewasa46%improvementinemployees’abilitytoconcentrateandtheirshorttermmemoryaccuracyincreased10percent.
Theaveragenoiselevelinmanyclassroomsisnotjustassociatedwithimpairedlearning—butwithpermanenthearingloss.Noisecandeeplyaffectlearningtoo.TheWHOrecommendsanoiselevelinclassroomsakintothatyou’dfindinalibrary—35decibels.However,astudyinGermanyfoundthattheactualaveragenoisevolumeinclassroomsis65decibels—alevelassociatedwithpermanenthearingloss.AsTreasureoutlinesinthistalk,forastudentsittinginthefourthrowofatraditionalclassroom,speechintelligibilityisjust50percent—meaningthattheyonlyhearhalfofwhattheirteachersays.
A20decibelincreaseinaircraftnoiseisenoughtodelayastudent’sreadinglevelbyupto8months.AstudypublishedintheAmericanJournalofEpidemiologyin2006lookedat2000studentsbetweentheagesof9and10inschoolsinTheNetherlands,SpainandtheU.K.—manyinschoolsnearairports.Theyfoundthataircraftnoisewasassociatedwithimpairedreadingcomprehension.
50%ofteachershaveexperienceddamagetotheirvoicefromtalkingoverclassroomnoise.AstudyofteacherspublishedintheJournalofSpeech,LanguageandHearingResearchin2004,notedanotherside-effectofnoisepollutioninclassrooms—50%ofteachershavesufferedirreversibledamagetotheirvoices.Why?
Becauseastheenvironmentgetsnoisier,wespeakmoreloudly.
Theaveragenoiselevelinsomehospitalwardsnotonlyimpedeshealing—butcouldlegallyrequirehearingprotection.TheWHOrecommendsnoiselevelsinhospitalwardstostayaround35decibels.ButastudyintheUSfoundtheaveragenoiselevelinhospitalwardsisactuallycloserto95decibels—just10decibelsbeyondthenoiselevelatwhichU.S.federallawrequiresearprotectionforprolonge