历年英语考研真题及阅读部分翻译.docx
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历年英语考研真题及阅读部分翻译
历年英语考研真题及阅读部分翻译
1历年考研试题部分
2阅读翻译部分
第一章历年考研真题
2004年考研试题
SectionIIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite’s“personalsearchagent”.It’saninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.Redmonchosethekeywordslegal,intellectualproperty,andWashington,D.C.Threeweekslater,hegothisfirstnotificationofanopening.“Istruckgold,”saysRedmon,whoE-mailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany.
Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopeningscanbetime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteria,forexample,mayworkagainstyou:
“Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibility,”saysoneexpert.
Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept—whatyouthinkyouwanttodo—thenbroadenit.“Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,”saysanotherexpert.“There’snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.”Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.“Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,”saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.
Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite’sagentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobs—thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofindthem—andtheydo.“Onthedayafterwesendourmessages,weseeasharpincreaseinourtraffic,”saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite.
Eventhosewhoaren’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.Althoughhappilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.“Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen,”hesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.
41.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?
[A]Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase.
[B]Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase.
[C]Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase.
[D]ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase.
42.Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents?
[A]Lackofcounseling.[B]Limitednumberofvisits.
[C]Lowerefficiency.[D]Fewersuccessfulmatches.
43.Theexpression“tipservice”(Line4,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans
[A]advisory.[B]compensation.
[C]interaction.[D]reminder.
44.WhydoesCareerSite’sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions?
[A]Tofocusonbetterjobmatches.[B]Toattractmorereturningvisits.
[C]Toreservespaceformoremessages.[D]Toincreasetherateofsuccess.
45.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
[A]Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters.
[B]SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands.
[C]Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed.
[D]Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed.
Text2
Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:
alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.
IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.
ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).
Canthismerelybecoincidence?
Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.
Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviewselectionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:
alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.
46.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?
[A]Akindofoverlookedinequality.[B]Atypeofconspicuousbias.
[C]Atypeofpersonalprejudice.[D]Akindofbranddiscrimination.
47.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?
[A]InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess.
[B]ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.
[C]Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.
[D]Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.
48.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat
[A]questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents.
[B]alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass.
[C]teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents.
[D]studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight.
49.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Lines2—3,Paragraph5)?
[A]Theyaregettingimpatient.[B]Theyarenoisilydozingoff.
[C]Theyarefeelinghumiliated.[D]Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.
50.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
[A]PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.
[B]VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.
[C]Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo.
[D]Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias.
Text3
Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn’tcutting,filingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketo,either.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.“I’magoodeconomicindicator,”shesays.“Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.”SoSperoisdownscaling,shoppingatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhome,insteadofNeimanMarcus.“Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too,”shesays.
EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’sadmissionthatAmerica’sred-hoteconomyiscooling,lotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGapoutlets,saleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailers,wholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmas,thecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime.Already,expertssay,holidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space.Butdon’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’slong-termprospectsevenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.
Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecause,despitethedreadfulheadlines,theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan,“there’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrange,predominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses,”saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFrancisco,pricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets.“Insteadof20to30offers,nowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree,”saysJohnTealdi,aBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.
Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswoul