Sentence Structure.docx
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SentenceStructure
SentenceStructure(句子结构)
Otherthan(除了);would/need/should/might/musthavedone(会、需要、应该、可能、必须要做)
withtheassumption(猜忌;猜疑);
Itisaheadacheforsb(另某人头痛的是)
Sadtosay(遗憾的说)
It’sarelieftoknowthat(令人宽慰地了解到)
if…had+pastparticiple”andwould+have+pastparticiple.(如果已什么,就会已什么;要是什么,就会什么)
atoppriorityforsb(某人最优先考虑的事)
shrugoff(对…不予理睬或不屑一顾);holdup(支撑);fallapart(瓦解,崩溃)openthedoorto(使…可能;给…以机会);pavethewayfor(为…铺路,为…创造机会)comedownintheworld(落魄,撂倒,失势)toadgree(某种程度上,有些)goalong(进行,前进)findone’swayinto(到达,进入)sparkheateddebate(激起热议)shutoutof(不允许做,使无法参与)have/gaintheupperhand(占优势,占上风,控制)inearnest(认真地)deliverthegoods(履行诺言)bejealousof(对…极度呵护)cometotheconclusion(得出结论)
Unitthree
Have/hasoptedtodosth(选择或决定做某事)yieldto(屈服于,抵挡不住);getinvolvedinsomestickysituation(卷入窘况或麻烦的情况)I’mnotbeingbitter.(我并不忿忿不平。
)accountfor(说明或解释…的原因)thereneedstobe(应该有…)lenditselfto(v.适合于(由于内在缺点等)易于遭到,有可能被(非法利用)onestepatatime(adv.逐步地)befacedwith(面对,面临)burstout+动名词laboratorymanagement(人事管理)
beV-ed+to:
supposed,reported,believed,said,thought
ThereareverbsinEnglishthatcanbefollowedeitherbyaninfinitiveoran“-ing”form,butwithdifferentmeanings.:
trydoing/todo,regretdoing/todo,forgetdoing/todo,goondoing/todo,stopdoing/todo
bepassionatefor(热爱…)bearwitnesstosth(是…的见证;证明)
Unit4
Leapover(v.跳过,跃过),pushahead(v.前进),separate…from…(把什么与什么区分开来)theboldestleap(最大胆的一步)cruisealongside(与…并驾齐驱)givesb.anadvantageover(使具有优势)amatterofsth(是…的问题),bestuckin(陷入),atone’sdisposal(供某人使用,由某人支配)educationreform(教学大纲),bedeterminedto/notto(决心去做/不去做),electroniccatalogue(电子目录),playaleading/major/keyrole(起主要/关键作用)comeupwith(提出,提供),inthehandsofsb./insb’shands(由某人负责/处理),takestepstodosth.(采取措施做某事),becrucialto(对…至关重要/紧要/关键)
Ratherthan(而不,非,胜于),twiceas…as,threetimesas…as,etc:
Fiber-opticcableisatremendously(极度)efficientcarrier(载体)ofinformation.Lasersshootingglassfibercantransmitinformations250thousandsasmoreasgeneraltelephonewire.
Unit5
playanimportantrolein(起到重要作用),bescaredofsth(对…感到害怕),sufferfrom(遭受磨难等)creativeinspirations(创作灵感),thesenseofindependence(自在的感觉)byrecentcount(据最新统计),hereweare(事实如此),ontheonehand,ontheotherhand(一方面,另一方面),castout(驱逐),entureout(出外冒险)amajorcommodityforsb/sth(对某人或某物是必须的)setforthinto(动身,出发)highpriestofsth(最高代表人物)self-importance(自尊自重),temporaryabsence(小别)stretchoutthesoul(放飞心灵),atonesitting(一口气,一次过),backupandchockus(塞满我们的心)atlength(详尽地,不停地,最后,终于)be(very)fondof(喜爱…),stayrational(保持理性),settledown(安定下来),fairytale(童话故事),besealedup(被囚禁于…),forthetimebeing(眼下,暂时),mightaswell(不妨,也,只好)weighup(v.称,估量,称出)
ithasbeenmyobservationthat(据我观察…)
Ahealthyadultneeds“alone-time”——timetoreflecton(仔细想,回忆;影响…的荣誉,使丢脸)whatistrulyimportanttothem.
Inordertobeahealthypartofothers’lives,youmustyourselfbehealthy.
“not/neverso…as”
Model:
Ineverfoundthecompanionthatwassocompanionableassolitude.
Unit6:
invariousforms(以多样形式),ontheincrease(adv.在增长中)itlooksatthepublicattitudetosb/sth(以群众的角度来看)anexaggeratedcommission(高额回扣/佣金),makepaymentstonumberedbankaccounts(汇款给匿名用户)
It’sdifficulttoresisttheimpression(notion,feeling,idea,opinion,conclusion)that,threebroadcategories(三大类),presidentialcandidate(总统候选人),speedupthewheelsofsth(使其事情的内在构成因素加快),hitupon(忽然想出)
Itis+adjective+todo/thatclause
“Suppose”canbeusedasaconjunction.Asaconjunction,“suppose”isfollowedbyaclause,usedinthesenseof“whatwould/willhappenif…”.show…ofsth(展示某物),strikeout(独立闯新路,独立谋生),giveupon(对...不再抱有希望)springfrom(由...造成,起源于),tearapart(使...分裂),headoff(阻止,防止),onthebasisof(在...基础上,根据),sumup(总结),againstall(the)odds(尽管困难重重)
SectionB
cropup(突然发生,突然出现),uptoscratch(达标,合格,足够好),beonthewrongendof(承担...的不利后果),throwup(产生,引发),derivefrom(来自,源于),losscountofsth.(数不清),thereisnopoint[in]doingsth.(做...没有意义),takeonmoreresponsibilities(承担更多的责任),takeup(占用)
Unit7
Todate(直到现在,至今),serveas(充当,担任),beconfinedto(受限于,局限于),beconfrontedby(遇到),as…of(从…起),ononeoccasion(曾经,有一个时候),incombinationwith(与…一起),shednewlightontheoriginsofpopulations,bedirectlydescendedfrom(为…的后裔),ultimateaim(最终目标),confrontwith(比较,对比)
“Morethan”canbefollowedbyanounoradjectivetoexpressthemeaningof“havinggreatervalueorimportancethansomethingelse”or“notonly…”.
“Nothinglessthan”canbefollowedbyanounoradjectivetoemphasizehowsurprisingorimportantsomethingis.
SectionB
Springup(涌现,突然兴起),outofnowhere(突然出现),gooutoftheirwaytodosth(特地做某事,想尽办法做某事),inquestion(考虑之中的,谈话中的),stepbystep(逐渐地),cultivateanopenandcreativethinkingstyle(培养出一种具有开阔性和创造性的思考模式),beinagoodpositiontodosth(能够做,有条件做),steerinto(驾驶【车、船】进入;引【某人】进入;说服…做…)
Unit8
SectionA
inpassing(顺便),sufferahugechange,incertainways,Someoneisalwaysatmyelbow(在近旁)remindingmethat…,
Itfailstoregisterdepressionwithme.
SlaveryisthepriceIpaidforcivilization,andthechoicewasnotforme.
Itisquiteexcitingtohold…,inthemain(基本上,大体上),propup(支撑),incompanywith(与…一起),moreorless(差不多,几乎,大约),upto(直到),peerat(仔细看,凝视),inthat(因为,原因),giveofsth。
(提供,献出),disapproveof(不赞同,不喜欢)
Theword“mind”,whenusedinthesenseof“objectto”,“dislike”,“beannoyedby”,isusuallyfoundinquestionsandnegativesentencesandcanbefollowedbyanif-clauseoran–ingstructure.Studythemodelandrewriteeachofthefollowingsentenceswith“mind”.
[NotonlydidIenjoythesnow,butIdidn’tmindtheactorsknowingthatIlikedit.]
Theword“no”isadeterminer.Itcanbeusedbeforesingularnounsorpluralnounsatthebeginningofasentence,meaning“nota”or“notany”.Studythemodelandrewriteeachofthefollowingsentencesafterthemodel.
[Nooneoneartheverhadagreaterchanceforglory.]
SectionB
beatback(击退),pourout(倾吐,倾诉),havemoretodowith(和…有关系),whenitcomestobeauty(当论及到美丽),immensevalue(巨大价值),theincreasinglyexaggeratedclaims(夸张性说明),itcontainsextractsof(含有如下精华),takeresponsibilityfor,dothetrick(达到目的,奏效)
Unit9SectionA
shaveoffone’smoustach[es],puthismoustachebeforeajob(认为胡子比工作重要)takesb.tocourt(起诉某人),forall(尽管),beuntroubledabout(对…不担心),comeintoservice(投入使用,进入服务状态),sofar(到目前为止),inanapparentresponsetosuggestions(麻木不仁的回应),adefiniteattraction(一定的吸引力),inaflash(转眼间),takeintoconsideration(纳入考虑中),sinceitsinception(自它开始以来)
“Forall+nounphrase”canbeusedinthesenseof“despite”.Studythemodelandrewritethefollowingsentences,using“forall+nounphrase.”
Model:
Despiteitsconcernaboutforeignculturalinvasion.France’sSocialistgovernmenthasbeenuntroubledaboutputtingsuchahugeAmericansymbolonthedoorstepofthecapital.
“Ratherthan”isusedasaconjunctiontolinkwordsorexpressionsofthesametype.Studythemodelandcombinethefollowingpairsofsentencesintoone,using“ratherthan”.
Model:
ItmadeanextraordinaryseriesoftaxandfinancialconcessionstoattractthethemeparkhereratherthanletitgotosunnySpain.
becompelledtodosth(被强迫去做某事)
SectionB
begearedup(准备好),warnsb.againststh(劝告某人防备某物),reactabitemotionallytopreliminaryinformation(对初期消息的反应有点情绪化了),superiorto(优于),onatemporarybasis(以…方式),inthelongterm(从长远来说),hangover(威胁,笼罩),inlinewith(与…一致,按照)
Unit10
SectionA
sortthrough(从什么中查找),aimat(旨在,力争达到),intheactofdoing(正在做某事),takenoteofsth.(注意到或留意到某物某事),setasidetime(腾出时间,留出时间),keepatit(坚持)
Studythemodelandrewritethefollowingsentencesbyusing“nomatterwho/what/which/when/how/where”structure.
Model:
Knowledgeisuselessuntilitisappliedeventhoughitisverybroad.
Knowledge,nomatterhowbroad,isuselessuntilitisapplied.
Whenyouuse“so…that…”,youcanchangethesubordinateclause(从句)ininvertedorder(倒装句)foremphasis.Rewritethefollowingsentenceswith“so”andtheadjectiveatthebeginningoftheclause.
Thepersonalexperienceisveryuniqueandpeoplewouldunderstandtheworlddifferently.
Souniqueisthepersonalexperiencethatpeoplewouldunderstandtheworlddifferently.
SectionB
holdoutforsth.(坚持要求某物),bewiredfor(与…有关),atriumph(n.胜利,巨大的成就;vi.获胜,克服,打败,战胜)ofsth.oversth.(某物胜某物),atfirstglance(乍一看),beblessedwith(具有,享有),shyawayfrom(回避,避开),onsight(一看见),amongtheingredients(n.成分,原料,要素,因素)ofsuccess(在构成成功的要素之中)
Onegoodturndeservesanother(礼尚往来),greatsenseofhumour(绝妙的幽默感)
forthesakeof(为了),childrenwhoplaytruant(逃学,旷课)fromschool(逃学的孩子们),puttoshame(相形见拙,大大优越某人或某事物),It’supto(取决于,在于),catchout(恰遇某人不在,将…难住,<非正>揭露,使怀孕),expertdriver(驾车能手),formerpupils(老学生),inone’shonor(为某人的敬意),aslipoftongue(口误),keeptrackofsb/sth(跟踪某人或某物),
sbrealizetoone’shorrorthatsthhappen(某人惊恐地察觉到某事的发生),providearegularsupplyofpocketmoney(经常给零花钱),aspanof100feet(长一百英尺),moveinresponsetoagustofwind(随风飘荡),anunshakablefaintinrailwaytimetables(对火车时刻表的坚定不移的信念)bedeterminedtolodgeacomplaint(决定提出申诉),bornandbred(地地道道的,在…生长大的,本地的)
publicorprivateproperty(私有/公有制,私人财产/公有财产),lulltosleep(轻摇或轻哼入睡),gainone’sconfidence(赢得某人的赏识),Inthepublicinterest(为了公众的利益),keepone’sresolutiontooneself(自己的决心自己知道),outofstock(商品店中缺货),besubjectto(v.从属于,受支配,可以…的,常遭受,受制约),beprejudicedagainstsb.orsth.(对某人或某物抱有偏见),withoutprovocation(无缘无故地),inthefirstinstance(最初,首先),be/becameabsorbedin…(专心致志于…),amonstrouspieceofnegligence(粗心大意),thereisnotraceofsth.(无法查找某物),bynomeanstranscendent(adj.毫无深意的),subjectofconversation(谈话的话题),begenerouswith(不吝,对…大方)