英语语言学各章节题目.docx

英语语言学各章节题目.docx

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英语语言学各章节题目

1.Introduction

1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman__________

A.contactB.communicationC.relationD.community

2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?

A.treeB.typewriterC.crashD.bang

3.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?

A.TransferabilityB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness

4.__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.

A.PerformanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole

5.__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

A.LinguistictheoryB.Practicallinguistics

C.ComparativelinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.

6.Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.

7.Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.

8.Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.

9.F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.

10.TheconventionalnatureoflanguageisillustratedbyafamousquotationfromShakespear’splayRomeoandJuliet:

“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”.

11.Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.

III.Fillintheblanks.

12.Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.

13.Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

14.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.

15.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.

16.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

17.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.

Explainthefollowingterms:

syntax

anthropologicallinguistics

ExplainHalliday'stheoryofmetafunctionsoflanguage.

2.SpeechSounds

1.APitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.

A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voice

2.BWhichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?

A.AcousticphoneticsB.Articulatoryphonetics

C.AuditoryphoneticsD.Noneoftheabove

3.AWhichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?

A.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]

4.BWhichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?

A.[i:

]B.[u]C.[e]D.[i]

5.BWhatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

A.VoicelessB.VoicedC.GlottalstopD.Consonant

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.

6.TSuprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.

7.F[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.

8.FAcousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.

9.TAccordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintolongvs.shortortensevs.lax.

10.FInEnglish,allthebackvowelsarerounded.

11.TInEnglish,allthefrontvowelsandthecentralvowelsareunrounded.

III.Fillintheblanks.

12.voiced,voiceless,voicedAccordingtothefeatureofvoicing,consonantsoundscanbeeither__________or__________,whileallvowelsoundsare__________.

13.obstructionConsonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout__________.

14.minimalpairsInphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating__________.

15.InEnglishthereareanumberof__________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.

16.Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe__________comingfromthelungs.

17.Writethesymbolthatcorrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoneticdescriptions;thengiveanEnglishwordthatcontainsthissound.Example:

voicedalveolarstop[d]dog.

（1）voicelessbilabialunaspiratedstop

（2）lowfrontvowel

（3）lateralliquid

（4）velarnasal

（5）voicedinterdentalfricative

3.Morphology

1.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas__________.

A.contentwordsB.grammaticalwords

C.functionwordsD.formwords

2.Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled__________morpheme.

A.inflectionalB.freeC.boundD.derivational

3.Thereare__________morphemesintheworddenationalization.

A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six

4.InEnglish–iseand–tionarecalled__________.

A.prefixesB.suffixesC.infixesD.stems

5.Thethreesubtypesofaffixesare:

prefix,suffixand__________.

A.derivationalaffixB.inflectionalaffixC.infixD.back-formation

6.__________isawayinwhichnewwordsmaybeformedfromalreadyexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixwhichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.

A.affixationB.back-formationC.insertionD.addition

7.ThewordDINKisformedinthewayof__________.

A.acronymyB.clippingC.compoundingD.blending

8.Thewordslikesmogandmotelareformedby__________.

A.blendingB.clippingC.back-formationD.acronymy

II.Fillintheblanks.

9.Asmallsetofconjunctions,prepositionsandpronounsbelongto__________class,whilethelargestpartofnouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsbelongsto__________class.

10.__________isareverseprocessofderivation,andthereforeisaprocessofshortening.

11.__________isextremelyproductive,becauseEnglishhadlostmostofitsinflectionalendingsbytheendofMiddleEnglishperiod,whichfacilitatedtheuseofwordsinterchangeablyasverbsornouns,verbsoradjectives,andviceversa.

12.Awordformedbyderivationiscalleda__________,andawordformedbycompoundingiscalleda__________.

13.Boundmorphemesareclassifiedintotwotypes:

__________and__________.

Explainthefollowingterm,usingexamples.

Allomorph

Inflection

Boundroot

4.Syntax

1.Thesentencestructureis________.

A.onlylinearB.onlyhierarchical

C.complexD.bothlinearandhierarchical

2.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare____innumber.

A.largeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite

3.Asentenceisconsidered____whenitdoesnotconformtothegrammaticalknowledgeinthemindofnativespeakers.

A.rightB.wrongC.grammaticalD.ungrammatical

4.A__________intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.

A.coordinatorB.particleC.prepositionD.subordinator

5.Phrasestructurerulesallowustobetterunderstand_____________.

A.howwordsandphrasesformsentences.

B.whatconstitutesthegrammaticalityofstringsofwords

C.howpeopleproduceandrecognizepossiblesentences

D.alloftheabove.

6.Thephrase“ontheshelf”belongsto__________construction.

A.endocentricB.exocentricC.subordinateD.coordinate

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

12.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.

13.Inacomplexsentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,onesubordinatingtheother.

14.Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.

16.InEnglishsyntacticanalysis,fourphrasalcategoriesarecommonlyrecognizedanddiscussed,namely,nounphrase,verbphrase,infinitivephrase,andauxiliaryphrase.

17.InEnglishthesubjectusuallyprecedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyfollowstheverb.

III.Fillintheblanks.（20%）

21.A__________sentenceconsistsofasingleclausewhichcontainsasubjectandapredicateandstandsaloneasitsownsentence.

23.A__________maybeanounoranounphraseinasentencethatusuallyprecedesthepredicate.

24.Thepartofasentencewhichcomprisesafiniteverboraverbphraseandwhichsayssomethingaboutthesubjectisgrammaticallycalled__________.

25.A__________sentencecontainstwo,ormore,clauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintotheother.

Explaintheterm"ICanalysis".

Explainthethreetypesofsyntacticrelations

Distinguishthetwopossiblemeaningsof“morebeautifulflowers”

37.Drawatreediagramofthesentence:

Thestudentwrotealetteryesterday.

5.Semantics

1.Accordingtothe“semantictriangle”presentedbyOgdenandRichards,thesymbolor________referstothelinguisticelements（words,sentences,etc.）,the___________referstotheobjectintheworldofexperienceandthethoughtorreferencereferstoconcept.

2.__________analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.

3.Thesemanticcomponentoftheword_________are+Human,+Adult,+male,-Married.

4.________oppositesmaybeseenintermsofdegreesofthequalityinvolved.

5.Wecalltherelationbetween“animal”and“cow”as___________.

A.polysemyB.antonymyC.homophonyD.hyponymy

6.Thepairofwords“wide/narrow”arecalled__________.

A.gradableoppositesB.complementaryantonyms

C.co-hyponymsD.relationalopposites

7.Whatisthemeaningrelationshipbetwee