高考专题精校解析Word版英语外研版新金典大一轮必修4精练二十二.docx
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高考专题精校解析Word版英语外研版新金典大一轮必修4精练二十二
高考提能练(二十二)
必修④ Module4 GreatScientists
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
[2019·贵阳监测]Nov.21isWorldHelloDay.Itbeganbackinthe1970saspartofanefforttomaketheworldmorepeaceful.ItwascreatedjustafterthewarbetweenIsraelandEgyptin1973.Thephilosophy(哲学)behinditis:
Say“Hello”andstopwar.
Itsoundslikeafineidea,butmostofusknowthatsimplysaying“Hello”won'tbringaboutworldpeace.Still,onasmallerrange,thesimpleactofsaying“Hello”tosomeonecanmakealotofdifference.
Thismightnotbeobvious.Afterall,it'ssuchacasualthingandrequiressolittleeffort.Youraiseyourheadtosomeoneasyoupassbythemintheschoolcorridor(走廊),say“Hello”,andthenit'sover.
Althoughwemightnotrealizeit,asmallthinglikeagreetingcanmeanalottoaperson.Manypeoplearelonelybecausethey'reshy.Theyfinditdifficulttocommunicatewithpeople,eventhoughtheywantto.Itleadstothemfeelingcutoff.
Onthisbasis,maybeit'sagoodidea,notjustonNov.21,buteveryday,toremembertosay“Hello”toasmanypeopleaswecan.Thestrangerwhohearsyourgreetingmaysecretlysmileintheirheart.Youmightevenmaketheirday.
Greetingotherpeopleistheeasiestwaytobepolite.Politenessisthewayweindividualhumanslinkupwiththerestofthehumanworldoutsideofourcirclesoffamilyandfriends.Politenessisoneoftheaspectsofculturethatmakeusasocietyratherthanjustmanyindividualslivinginthesamespace.
NoonesaiditbetterthantheFrenchauthorJosephJoubert:
“Politenessistheflowerofhumanity.”A“Hello”toastrangerisasmallthing,andoftenneglected(忽视),butthroughitwecanmaketheworldbetterforanotherperson.
体裁:
说明文 题材:
节日文化 主题:
世界问候日
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了世界问候日的由来及意义的相关信息。
1.WhatisWorldHelloDayintendedfor?
A.Philosophy. B.Peace.
C.Politeness.D.War.
答案与解析:
B 考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Nov.21isWorldHelloDay.Itbeganbackinthe1970saspartofanefforttomaketheworldmorepeaceful”可知,世界问候日设立的初衷是为了和平。
2.Whathasaneffectonpeoplemost?
A.Raisingheadstoothers.
B.Doingsomethingcasually.
C.Meetingintheschoolcorridor.
D.Thesimpleactofsaying“Hello”.
答案与解析:
D 考查细节理解。
根据第二段第二句“Still,onasmallerrange,thesimpleactofsaying‘Hello’tosomeonecanmakealotofdifference”可知,对别人影响最大的是打招呼这种简单的行为。
3.Whydosomepeoplefeellonely?
A.Theyareunwillingtocommunicatewithothers.
B.Theyaretooshytocommunicatewithothers.
C.Theyareveryfondoflivingalone.
D.Theydon'tlikedoingthingsasothersdo.
答案与解析:
B 考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Manypeoplearelonelybecausethey'reshy...cutoff”可知,一些人感到孤独的原因是他们太害羞了,不敢和别人交流。
4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?
A.Weshouldneglectasmallthing.
B.Saying“Hello”toothersispowerful.
C.Theflowersmaketheworldbetter.
D.NooneisbetterthanJosephJoubert.
答案与解析:
B 考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“A‘Hello’toastrangerisasmallthing,andoftenneglected(忽视),butthroughitwecanmaketheworldbetterforanotherperson”可知,向别人打招呼是有影响力的。
B
[2019·长春监测]Canexerciseduringchildhoodprotectyouagainstmemorylossmanydecadeslater?
Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain,inratsatleast.
“Thisisananimalstudy,butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant—notjustforphysicaldevelopment,butforthewholelifelongtrackofcognitive(认知的)developmentduringageing,”saysMartinWojtowiczoftheUniversityofToronto,Canada.“Inhumans,itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer'sdisease(阿尔茨海默病),possiblytothepointofpreventingit.”
Wojtowicz'steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups,andplacedrunningwheelsinthecagesofonegroupforaperiodofsixweeks.Aroundfourmonthslater—whentheratshadreachedmiddleage—theteamtaughtalltheratstoconnectanelectricshockwithbeinginaspecificbox.Whenplacedinthebox,theyfrozewithfear.
Twoweekslater,theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations:
exactlythesameboxinthesameroom,thesameboxwiththeroomarrangeddifferently,andacompletelydifferentboxinadifferentroom.
Theratswithoutaccesstoarunningwheelwhentheywereyoungnowfrozethesamepercentageoftimesineachofthesesituations,suggestingtheycouldn'trememberwhichonewasdangerous.Butthosethathadbeenabletorunintheiryouthfroze40to50percentlessinbothchangedboxsettings.
“Theresultssuggesttheamountofphysicalactivitywhenwe'reyoung,atleastforrats,hasinfluenceonthebrainandcognitivehealth—intheformofbettermemories—whenwe'reolder,”saysArthurKramerofNortheasternUniversityinBoston,whohasfoundthat,inhumans,exercisepromotesthegrowthofnewbraincells.
体裁:
说明文 题材:
健康 主题:
锻炼使大脑受益
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了一项科学研究,从而得出早期锻炼对大脑终身有好处的结论。
5.Thestudyshowsthat________.
A.physicalactivityisimportantforphysicalhealth
B.usingtherunningwheelsisofbenefittotherats'growth
C.physicalactivitycanpreventhumans'Alzheimer'sdisease
D.themoreexercisearathaswhenyoung,thebettermemoryitwillpossesswhenolder
答案与解析:
D 考查细节理解。
根据第一段内容尤其是第二句“Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain,inratsatleast”可知,早期锻炼似乎对大脑终身有好处,至少对老鼠来说是这样的,故选D项。
6.HowareParagraphs3and4mainlydeveloped?
A.Byanalyzingcauses.
B.Bygivinganexample.
C.Bydescribingtheprocess.
D.Byshowingdifferences.
答案与解析:
C 考查写作手法。
根据第三段的“Wojtowicz'steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups...Aroundfourmonthslater...theyfrozewithfear”和第四段的“Twoweekslater,theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations”可知,本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行实验的过程。
C项意为“通过描述过程”,故选C项。
7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?
A.Exercise.B.Development.
C.Benefit.D.Study.
答案与解析:
A 考查代词指代。
根据第二段的“butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant”及“Inhumans,itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer'sdisease(阿尔茨海默病)”,可知,身体活动很重要,对人类来说,它可能会推迟阿尔茨海默病的出现。
因此“it”在文中指的是“physicalactivity”,A项与其同义,故选A项。
8.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheanimalstudy?
A.Negative.B.Objective.
C.Critical.D.Doubtful.
答案与解析:
B 考查观点态度。
通读全文可知,作者介绍了对老鼠进行实验的过程及其结果,并引用数据进行说明,由此可知作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。
B项意为“客观的”,故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
[2019·惠州市高三调研]When69yearoldDobrgyalstartedlookingafterthewildmacaques(猕猴)atascenicspotinChina'sTibetAutonomousRegion,theirpopulation__1__only40-50.Today,18yearslater,thatsameplaceis__2__toover2,800Tibetanmacaques.
Dobrgyal'srelationshipwiththeTibetanmacaqueshasbeendescribedasa__3__lovestorybetweenmanandmonkeys.Aformer__4__keeper,Dobrgyalhasbeendriving5kmalmosteverydayjusttofeedthemacaques,showthem__5__andmakesuretheyarehealthy.__6__,hehaseventakensomeofthesickanimalshomeand__7__thembacktohealth.
CreportsthatDobrgyalhasbeentheonlyoneworkingasa__8__intheGongbo'gyamdaareaforthelast18years,and__9__himasthemainreasonthatthemacaquepopulationisrising.
Tibetanmacaquesarea(n)__10__speciesinChina,andtheirfoodisprovidedbytheGongbo'gyamdaforestrybureau(局),butit'sDobrgyalwholoadsthebagsintohistruckand__11__ittothemonkeyspersonally.Thankstohis__12__,themacaqueshavebecomevery__13__withtourists,manyofwhomalsohelpto__14__theanimals.
Havingdedicatedalmosttwodecadesofhislifetothemacaques,Dobrgyalnow__15__himselfaboutwhatwillhappentothemifhisphysical__16__nolongerallowshimtotakecareofthemproperly.
“NowI'msoold,nearly70yearsold,”Dobrgyalsaidrecently.“Inthe__17__ofmylifeIwilldomybesttotakecareofthemonkeys,butifsomedaymyhealth__18__mefeedingthemanymore,Iwillhavemysonsreplaceme.”
__19__,thefurrycreatureswillbeabletorelyontheir__20__humanfatherformanyyearstocome.
体裁:
记叙文 题材:
人生经历 主题:
Dobrgyal与猕猴
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要叙述了在Dobrgyal的努力下,野生猕猴的数量增加,同时他们之间也建立了一份真挚的感情。
1.A.numberedB.reduced
C.confirmedD.turned
答案与解析:
A 根据下文“Today,18yearslater,thatsameplaceis__2__toover2,800Tibetanmacaques”的提示可知,此处表示它们的数量总共(numbered)只有40到50只。
2.A.seenB.fun
C.homeD.known
答案与解析:
C 根据上文“lookingafterthewildmacaques(猕猴)atascenicspotinChina'sTibetAutonomousRegion”的描述可知,18年后的今天,这里是2800多只西藏猕猴的家(home)。
3.A.mouthwateringB.heartbreaking
C.breathtakingD.heartwarming
答案与解析:
D 根据下文“Dobrgyalhasbeendriving5kmalmosteverydayjusttofeedthemacaques,showthem__5__andmakesuretheyarehealthy”的描述可知,此处为Dobrgyal和西藏猕猴之间的关系被描述为人类和猴子之间的一个暖人的(heartwarming)爱的故事。
mouthwatering“令人垂涎的”;heartbreaking“使人心碎的”;breathtaking“惊人的”。
4.A.forestB.house
C.gardenD.soccer
答案与解析:
A 根据上文中的“lookingafterthewildmacaques(猕猴)atascenicspot”可推知,此处应为Dobrgyal以前是一个森林(forest)看守人。
5.A.honorB.respect
C.affectionD.mercy
答案与解析:
C 根据上文“Dobrgyal'srelationshipwiththeTibetanmacaqueshasbeendescribedasa__3__lovestorybetweenmanandmonkeys”的描述可知,此处为向它们表达喜爱(affection),并确保它们是健康的。
6.A.InreturnB.Onoccasion
C.InvainD.Onpurpose
答案与解析:
B 根据上文“Dobrgyalhasbeendriving5kmalmosteverydayjusttofeedthemacaques,showthem__5__andmakesuretheyarehealthy”的描述可知,此处前后形成语意上的衔接,所以此处为偶尔(Onoccasion),他也带一些生病的猴子回家照顾。
7.A.expectedB.sent
C.forcedD.nursed
答案与解析:
D 根据上文“hehaseventakensomeofthesickanimalshome”的描述可知,此处为照顾(nursed)它们直到它们恢复健康。
8.A.feederB.leader
C.friendD.farmer
答案与解析:
A 根据上文“Dobrgyalhasbeen...justtofeedthemacaques”的描述可知,此处表示作为唯一的饲养员(feeder)。
9.A.guessesB.credits
C.assumesD.questions
答案与解析:
B 根据上文“CreportsthatDobrgyalhasbeentheonlyoneworkingasa__8__intheGongbo'gyamdaareaforthelast18years”的描述可知,此处前后形成并列关系,表示“并认为(credits)猕猴数量上升是Dobrgyal的功劳”。
10.A.aggressiveB.protected
C.dangerousD.controlled
答案与解析:
B 根据常识和空后的“andtheirfoodisp