英美文学欣赏期末复习资料docx.docx

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英美文学欣赏期末复习资料docx

onlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.ThomasMore,ChristopherMarloweandWilliamShakespearearethebestrepresentativesoftheEnglishhumanists.

3.Spenserianstanza斯宾塞诗体

4.Metaphysicalpoetry玄言诗

5.TheRenaissanceherARenaissanceheroreferstoonecreatedbyChristopherMarloweinhisdrama.

WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）

1.一般识记BriefIntroduction

WilliamShakespearewasthegreatestwriterofplayswhoeverlived.Hisfriend&fellowplaywrightBenJonsonsaidthatShakespearewas"notofanagebutforalltime."The18th-centuryEnglishessayistSamuelJohnsondescribedhisworkas"themirroroflife."The19th-centuryEnglishpoetSamuelTaylorColeridgespokeof"myriad-mindedShakespeare."The20th-centuryEnglishdramatistGeorgeBernardShawstressedhis"enormouspoweroverlanguage."

2.识记HisLife&Career

TheexactdateofShakespeare'sbirthisnotknown,buthisbaptismwasrecordedonApril26,1564,intheparishregisterofHolyTrinityChurchatStratford-on-Avon.Sinceitwascustomarytobaptizeinfantswithintwoorthreedaysofbirth,April23isregardedasareasonablebirthdate.Itisalsothedateonwhichhediedin1616.Generally,hisdramaticcareerisdividedinto4periods.

4tragedies（TheThirdPeriod1601-1609）:

《哈姆雷特》Hamlet《奥赛罗》Othello《李尔王》kinglear《麦克白》Macbeth

Hamlet:

HamletisgenerallyregardedasShakespeare'smostpopularplayonthestage,forithasthequalitiesofa"blood-and-thunder”thriller&a

ChapterITheRenaissancePeriod

1.TheRenaissance:

TheRenaissancemarksatransition过渡fromthemedievaltothemodemworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14th&17thcenturies.ItfirststartedinItaly,withtheflowering极盛ofpainting,sculpture雕亥!

|&literature.FromItalythemovementwenttoembracetherestofEurope.TheRenaissance,whichmeans"rebirth"or"revival,"isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchasthere-discoveryofancientRoman&Greekculture,thenewdiscoveriesingeography&astrology,thereligiousreformation&theeconomicexpansion.TheRenaissance,therefore,inessenceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkers&scholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,&torecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.

2.Humanism:

HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheancientauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious,intellectualside,fortheGreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Throughthenewlearning,humanistsnotonlysawtheartsofsplendorandenlightenment,butthehumanvaluesrepresentedintheworks.Renaissancehumanistsfoundintheclassicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfections,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion,explore,andenjoy.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotthreadsrunningthroughtheplay,thusprovidingthestorywithsuspense&apprehension.

3）Language

InShakespeare*stime,Englishgrammar&spellingwerenotyetformalized,soShakespearecouldfreelyinterchargethevariouspartsofspeech,usingnounsasadjectivesorverbs,adjectivesasadverbs,&pronounsasnouns.Suchfreedomgavehislanguageanextraordinaryflexibility,whichenabledhimtoexpresshisthoughtsaseasilyinpoetryasinprose.

MostofShakespeare'sdramaticpoetryisinblankverse,orunrhymediambicpentameter.Hisblandverseisespeciallybeautiful&mighty.Hehasanamazingwealthofvocabulary&idiom.Hiscoinageofnewwords&distortionofthemeaningoftheoldonesalsocreatestrikingeffectsonthereader.

故事梗概TheMerchantofVenice

Theme:

topraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonio&Bassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreatbeauty,wit&loyalty,&toexposetheinsatiablegreed&brutalityoftheJew.

Brief：

Portiawasarichman'sdaughter.Accordingtoherfather'swill,shegotthreeboxes:

agoldbox,asilverone,andaleadone（铅盒）.Ifsomebodychoosedtheboxcontainedherportrait,thenshewouldmarrytheman.

Then,suitorC求女昏者）fromallcornersoftheworldgatheredheretomarrythisfairymaiden.

Venice:

inthetown,ayoungmannamedBassaniowhoheardaboutthisnewsdeterminedtowinPortia.However,heneededthreethousandducat（硬币）toreachhisgoal.Forlackofmoney,hehadtoturntohisgoodfriend,richmerchantAntonioforhelp.

philosophicalexplorationoflife&death.Andthetimelessappealofthismightydramaliesinitscombinationofintrigue,emotionalconflict&searchingphilosophicmelancholy.

3.领会HisInfluence

1）Contributionstolanguage

ManywordsandcommonlyusedphraseshavebeenaddedtoeverydayEnglishvocabularythroughtheirappearanceinShakespeare'sworks.

2）Effectsonliterature

Shakespeare'splays&poetryhavehadapervasiveinfluenceonworldliterature.Mostofthegreatliteraryfiguresoftheworldhavebeeninspired&stimulatedbyhisachievement.Onthewhole,however,Shakespeare'scontributionhasbeentothelanguage&spiritoflaterwritingratherthantoitsform.

4.领会HisMajorTheme

1）Shakespeareisagainstreligiouspersecution&racialdiscrimination,againstsocialinequality&thecorruptinginfluenceofgold&money.

2）Hewasahumanistofthetime&acceptedtheRenaissanceviewsonliterature.

5.领会HisLiteraryAchievements

1）Characterization

Hismajorcharactersareneithermerelyindividualonesnortypeones;theyareindividualsrepresentingcertaintypes.Eachcharacterhashisorherownpersonalities;meanwhile,theymaysharefeatureswithothers.

2）PlotConstruction

Shakespeare'splaysarewellknownfortheiradroitplotconstruction.Heseldominventshisownplots;instead,heborrowsthemfromsomeoldplaysorstorybooks,orfromancientGreek&Romansources.Thereareusuallyseverallovedhermuchmore.Antoniogothisownproperty.

Happyending!

人物分析

Shylock

Thereisnodenyingthateverythinghastwosides.

Ontheonehand,Shylockinthisplayistheantagonist敌对角色.Heisthemodelofusurer高禾U贷者.Mostpeoplereadhimasabogeyman,aclownishJewishstereotype.Heisselfish,curtly,avariciousandniggard.Oncehehasthechancetorevengehisfoe.Hewilltryhisbesttomaketheotherintodeathtrap.Inthecourt,heisclamandwisdom,evenfightsforseveralChristian'sjointattack.Butmostofhisspeechiscoarse,andsometimes"mean".Allofthismakespeopletakeunkindlytohim.ButwiththeseveralaspectssagaciouswithAntonio,itmakeshimbeamult-personalityfigure.BeingapaganwholivesinChristiansocietyhehasstrongemotiononracialconstrictionandtheenthusiasmofraisingJewishpeople'sstatus.Livinginthissociety,hesufferstoomuchpublichumiliationandoppressionashesaysinthefollowing:

Ontheotherhand,hisfrequentlymentionsofthecrueltyhehasenduredatChristianhandsmakeithardforustolabelhimanaturalbornmonster.ShylockarguesthatJewsarehumansandcallshisquestforvengeance寸艮复theproductoflessonstaughttohimbythecrueltyofVenicecitizens.Insuchcondition,his“malicious"ismuchmorereasonable.Becauseaftercenturies,abusingoftheJews,especiallytheholocaustcommittedbytheNaziGermanyduringtheSecondWorldWar,itisverydifficulttoseeShylockasaconventionalevilfigure.

BesidesthefacialofShylock'smalignance,actually,heisapersonwhosesenseofdecencyhasbeenfracturedbythepersecutionheendures.

Unfortunately,atthistime,Antonio'smoneywasputintothebusiness,hecouldnotwithdrawitrightnow.Tohelphisbestfriend,AntoniowasforcedtoborrowmoneyfromawealthyJewishscrivener（放债人）Shylock.

Shylockwasausury（高利贷）.DifferentfromShylock,Antoniolentmoneytopeopleandneveracceptedinterest.Butthistime,ShylockagreedtolendAntoniomoneywithoutinterest.Heputforwardastrangerequest.IfAntoniocouldnotrepaythedebtontime,hecouldcutapoundoffleshfromAntonio'sbody.AndAntoniosignedthecontact.

Withmoney,BassaniowenttochasePortia.Luckily,hechosetheleadboxequippedwithPortia'sportrait.Atthismoment,BassanioheardaboutAntonio'slawsuit.Soheholdaweddingceremonyinahurry.Meanwhile,Portiamaid,NarisaalsoacceptedBassanio'smaidproposal.

Shylock'sdaughter,JessicaelopedatthehelpofAntonioandstoleherfather'smoneyandjewelry.SoShylockhatedAntonioverymuch.WhenhelearnedthatAntonio'slossofoffshoreinvestment,hedecidedtorevenge.HesuedAntonio.

Incourt,ShylockaskedAntoniotoperformthecontract.Inotherwords,Antoniomustcutonepoundoffleshfromhisownbody.ThejudgeshadnocluestodowithShylock.Atthelastminute,anewjudgedisguisedbyPortiacametotacklethematter.Accordingtothecontract,PortiaagreedShylocktocutmeatfromAntonio,buthemustmastertheweight,neithermorenorless,justtherightamount,andhemustpromisecutwithoutadropofbloodandAntonio'slifesafety.

Shylockcouldn'tdoitandhadtothrowinthetowel.Inthisway,PortiaskillfullysaveAntonio'slife.Finally,everythingwasilluminated,Bassanioknewhiswifewasthegreatjudge.HefeltverythankfulforPortia'shelpand

3）Theheroiccouplet

Itmeansapairoflin