中考英语名词专项练习.docx
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中考英语名词专项练习
一、教学目标:
名词用法
二、教学内容:
中考名词考点总结及练习
一、名词介绍
1.名词分类
专有名词:
表示人、地方、事物、机构和组织名称。
Lucy,China,theGreatWall
普通名词:
A.可数:
个体dictionary,pencil,chair,window,table,book,bike,ball
集体名词family,police,class,group,team
B.不可数:
物质,物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料,
rice,glass,porridge,paper,air,wood,wheat,steel
抽象,表示状态、品质、行为和感情等抽象概念
Knowledge,danger,health,life,homework
2.名词变复数
情况
构成方法
读音
例词
一般情况
加-s
清辅音后读/s/
map-maps
浊辅音和元音后读/z/
bag-bags/car-cars
以s,sh,ch,x等结尾
加-es
读/iz/
bus-buses/watch-watches
以ce,se,ze,等结尾
加-s
读/iz/
license-licenses
以辅音字母+y结尾
y—i再加es
读/z/
baby---babies
一般:
加-s,cakes,days,students,beds
以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾名词,加-es,buses,boxes,watches
以辅音字母加-y结尾,变y为i,加-es,baby-babies,city-cities,country-countries
以元音字母加y结尾,加-s,toy-toys,monkey-monkeys
以f(fe)结尾,变f(fe)为ves,leaf-leaves,wolf-wolves,life-lives
以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾,加-s,face-faces,orange-oranges
不规则变化:
改变单数名词中的元音字母,man-menwoman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth
单复数形式相同,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese
其他其他形式,mouse-mice
国别:
国籍
总称(谓语用复数)
单数
复数
中国人
theChinese
aChinese
twoChinese
瑞士人
theSwiss
aSwiss
twoSwiss
澳大利亚人
theAustralians
anAustralian
twoAustralians
俄国人
theRussians
aRussian
twoRussians
意大利人
theItalians
anItalian
twoItalians
希腊人
theGreek
aGreek
twoGreeks
法国人
theFrench
aFrenchman
twoFrenchmen
日本人
theJapanese
aJapanese
twoJapanese
美国人
theAmericans
anAmerican
twoAmericans
印度人
theIndians
anIndian
twoIndians
加拿大人
theCanadians
aCanadian
twoCanadians
德国人
theGermans
aGermans
twoGermans
英国人
theEnglish
anEnglishman
twoEnglishmen
瑞典人
theSwedish
aSwede
twoSwedes
以o结尾名词,加es,negro,hero,tomato,potato
名词作定语变复数:
1) 用复数作定语。
例如:
sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室
talkstable谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系
2)man,woman,gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
例如:
menworkers womenteachers gentlemenofficials
3)有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。
例如:
goodstrain(货车)armsproduce 武器生产
customspapers海关文件clothesbrush衣刷
4)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。
例如:
two-dozeneggs 两打鸡蛋 aten-milewalk十英里路
two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan. 一个五年计划
3.不可数名词的数:
数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词,量词可单复数,但of后的名词只用原形,如apieceofpaper,adropofwater,twocupsoftea
4.名词所有格:
’s和of形式。
’s形式表示有生命的东西,of所有格用来表示无生命的东西
mybrother’sbookthewindowsoftheroom
两个并列单数名词表示两者共有时,在最后一个名词后加’s
ThisisMaryandhersister’sbedroom.
LilyandLucy’smotherisanurse.
如果表示两者分别有,那么两个词都要加’s
TheseareTom’sandMary’sbags.
如果以s结尾名词,其后加’,其他形式加’s
Teachers’DayChildren’sDay
店铺、医院名称加’s,atthedoctor’s
someone,everybody,noone和else,在else后加’s,如somebodyelse’spencil
表示时间,距离,国家,城市等无生命的东西的名词,可以在词尾加’s或’来构成所有格。
A.用于时间
Anhour’sride
B.用于度量
Thirteentons’weight
C.用于价值
Ahundredyuan’sorder
D.用于天体
Theearth’ssatellite
E.用于国家
Belgium’scapital
F.用于城市
TheUral’sindustry
5.双重所有格:
of+名词所有格,of+名词性物主代词
表示部分概念,of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词,如:
a,an,one,two,some,several,afew,many,any,no等。
Thisisapictureofmine.
这是我的一张照片。
双重所有格与of所有格的不同。
如:
Heisafriendofyourfather's.
他是你父亲的一个朋友。
(强调你父亲的朋友不止一个)
Heisafriendofyourfather.
他是你父亲的朋友。
(强调他对你父亲的友好)
6.名词转化
某些名词后加y变形容词,表示“充满…的”,cloud-cloudy,sun-sunny
某些名词后加ful变形容词,表示“…性质的”,use-useful,care-careful
部分表示人的名词后加ly变形容词,具有赞美意味。
Friend-friendly,lovely
某些名词后加less表示没有,careless,useless
二、名词用法
作主语,Englishisuseful.
做定语,papertigers,workplaces
做宾语,ShelearnsChinesehardeveryday.
做表语,Tomismygoodfriend.
做宾语补足语,Theychosetheboymonitor.
三、既是可数又是不可数名词的意义不同:
Work工作-awork著作,glass玻璃-aglass玻璃杯,paper纸-apaper报纸,文件,试卷
Tea茶-atea一种茶,wood木头-awood小树林,room空间-aroom空间
非复数:
physics,maths,politics,news
表示由两部分构成的东西,如:
glasses(眼镜) trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双); suit(套);apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。
当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。
例如:
Thisfactoryproducessteel. (不可数)
Weneedvarioussteels. (可数)
当物质名词表示份数时,可数。
例如:
Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我国因茶叶而闻名。
Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。
Thegirlwaswashinggreens.
Ourreturnsarenotasgoodasbefore.
Pleasehandinyourpapersatonce.
Marylosthergoodlookswhenshewasold.
四、名词动词化
1.Don’tbrotherme.
2.Don’tsirme!
3.Thedognosedthedooropen.
4.Hemoutheddownapieceofcake.
三、课堂练习:
填空:
Japanese_________,Frenchman_________,American__________,Egyptian_________
German__________,Australian___________,potato__________,tomato__________
photo________,piano________,kangaroo_________,bamboo_________
womandriver__________,appletree_________
2.把下列名词变为形容词
wind_______有风的,rain________有雨的,dirt_______脏的,health_______健康的,
help________有帮助的,joy________十分喜悦的,brother________兄弟般的
hope_______没希望的,fear________无畏的
单选:
1.–Hi,Tom.Couldyouhelpmecutupthemeatfordumplings?
--Ok,Mom.Butwhereisthe___?
A.knifeB.forkC.spoonD.chopsticks
2.Iwasnotathomewhenthe___broughtthepackage,soI’llhavetogetitmyselfatthepostoffice.
A.busdriverB.mailcarrierC.policeofficerD.shopkeeper
3.WhynotgototheGreatWallthisSaturday?
—I’mafraidit’snotagood__.Manyofushavebeenthere.
A.placeB.dayC.planD.idea
4.WhenwesawLiuXiang’sface,weknew__wasbad.
A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsD.news
5.Agroupof__willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.
A.HungarianB.AutralianC.JapaneseD.American
6.Iwonderwhy___areinterestedinactionfilms.
C.thepeopleD.thepeoples
’smeetat7:
30outsidethegateof___.
A.thePeople’sParkB.thePeoples’Park
C.thePeopleParkD.People’sPark
8.Thefarmerraisedten___.
A.sheepsC.horseD.cows
9.Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.
A.ideasB.photosC.information
10.–Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?
--_____,please.
A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeesC.TwocupsofcoffeeD.Twocupofcoffees
11.TodayisSeptember10th.It’s___Day.Let’sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteacher.
A.TeachersB.Teachers’C.theteachers’D.Teacher’s
12.Thereareabout50__inourschool.
A.womendoctorsB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womanworkers
13.Mymotherboughtme___lastSaturday.
trousersB.twopairoftrousersC.twopairsoftrousersD.twopairstrousers
14.Iwanttohavea__withyouabouttheproblem.
Sure.
A.funB.wordC.play
15.____isniceandclean.
A.TheairtodayB.ThetodayairC.TheairoftodayD.Theair
阅读与填空:
twonoisygrowrainbepeace
goodfollowartsomeonecloseone
What'stherealmeaningoftheword"peace"?
The1storymaytellussomethingaboutit.
Therewasonceakingwhoofferedanawardtoanartistwhocouldpaintthe2pictureofpeace.Many3tried.Thekinglookedatallthetherewereonlytwohereallylikedandhehadtochoosebetweenthem.
Onepicturewasacalmlake.Thelakewasaperfectthingforpeacebecauseofthehighmountainsaroundit.Overheadwasablueskywithwhiteclouds.4whosawthispicturethoughtthatitwasaperfectpictureofpeace.
Theotherpicturehadmountainstoo.Buttheywererugged(高低不平的).Abovewasthedarksky,fromwhichheavyrainfell.Awaterfallwasrushingdownthesideofthemountain.Thisdidnotlook5atall.Butwhenthekinglooked6,hefoundbehindthewaterfallaverysmallbush7inthemidst在….中)ofthewaterfallandamotherbirdsittingonhernest(鸟窝)inperfectpeace.
Thekinggavetheawardtotheartistwhopaintedthe8picture.Why?
"Because,"explainedtheking,"peacedoesnotmean9inaplacewherethereisno10,notroubleorhardwork.Peacemeansinthemidstofallthosethings,you'restillcalminyourheart.That'stherealmeaningofpeace."
阅读:
In1620,abouthalftheUSAwascoveredbyforests.Todaytheforestshavealmostgone.Alotofgoodlandhasgonewiththem,leavingonlysand.
Chinadoesn'twanttocopytheUSA'sexample.We'replantingmoreandmoretrees.We'vebuiltthe"GreatGreenWall"oftreesacrossnorthernpartofourcountry.TheGreatGreenWallis7,000kilometreslong,andbetween400and1,700kilometreswide.Itwillstopthewindfromblowingtheearthaway.Itwillstopthesandfrommovingtowardstherichfarmlandinthesouth.
More"GreatGreenWalls"areneeded.Treesmustbegrownallovertheworld.GreatGreenWallswillmaketheworldbetter.
根据短文内容,选择正确答案。
1.In1620,about______theUSAwascoveredbyforests.
A.athirdB.halfC.twothirdsD.afourth
2.Alotofgoodlandhasgonewith______.
A.sandB.waterC.windD.forests
3.TheGreatGreenWallinChinais______long.
A.7,000kilometersB.1,700kilometers
C.7,000metersD.400kilometers
4.Treesmustbegrownin______.
A.ChinaB.theUSA
C.somecountriesD.everypartoftheworld
5.______willmaketheworldbetter.
A.TheGreatWallB.Tallbuildings
C.GreatGreenWallsD.Flowersandgrass
四、课后练习
waseagertomakesomeextramoney,sinceduringtheseyearshecouldhardlyliveonhis_______.
A.littlewageB.fewwageC.wageD.wages
ofthehousesinthevillagewereburntto______duringthewar.
ashB.theashC.ashD.ashes
studentsatcollegesoruniversitiesaremaking______forthecomingNewYear.
A.manypreparationsB.muchpreparationC.preparationsD.preparation
in_____isoneoftheirspare-timeactivities.
A.oilB.anoilC.oilsD.theoil
theviewoftheforeignexperts,therewasn’t____oilhere.
A.muchB.lotsofC.agreatdealofD.many
largehousesarebeingpainted,but______.
greatexpenseB.atagreatexpenseC.inalotofexpensesD.byhighexpense
roomwassmallandcontainedfartoo______.
newfurnitureC.muchnewfurnitures
newfurnitureD.manynewfurnitures
waslatefortwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthatheforgotbothofthe______.
A.roomsnumberB.roomnumberC.room’snumbersD.roomnumbers