高中英语人教版选修8练习Unit 1 A land of diversity.docx
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高中英语人教版选修8练习Unit1Alandofdiversity
Unit1Alandofdiversity
[导语] 美国有个别称叫“大熔炉”，那么你知道美国为什么会有此别称吗？
它代表着什么意思呢？
TheUnitedStatesofAmerica－themeltingpot
DidyoueverwonderwhytheUnitedStatesiscalledameltingpot?
Doyouknowwhatitmeanstocallthiscountryameltingpot?
ThisgreatlandhasbeenattractingpeoplefromallovertheworldsinceitsindependencefromBritishrulein1783attheendoftheRevolutionaryWar.Theycametothiscountryleavingbehindtheirhomelandinordertomakeabetterlifeforthemselves.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesstartswiththewords“Wethepeople...”．Thisiswhatthecountryisallabout.
“Wethepeople”arefromAsia,Europe,SouthAmerica,fromeverycorneroftheworld.PeoplehavecomeandarestillcomingtothisgreatcountrytobecomeanAmerican.Thisprivilegeofbecomingacitizenshouldnotbetakenlightly.Becomingacitizengivesyoutherighttolife,liberty,andpursuitofhappiness，thisbeingourDeclarationofIndependence.Theprideofbecomingalegalcitizenandenjoyingthefreedomsthatcomewithitisadreamforalltheimmigrantsthatcomehere.
TheresultsofthemeltingpotareAmericancitizenswhobecomepartofthehistoryofthisnation，whobecomethedefendersoffreedomandwhobringtheirownindividualtalentsandculturetomeltintothisgreatsociety.WeareAsianAmericans，EuroAmericans,MidEasternAmericans，orAfroAmericans.WeareallAmericansunderthered，whiteandblueflag.
[词海拾贝]
1．constitutionn．宪法
2．libertyn．自由
3．pursuitn．追求
4．immigrantn．移民
[问题思考]
1．WhydidpeoplecometoUSAleavingbehindtheirhomeland?
_______________________________________________________
2．WheredotheimmigrantsoftheUS，comefrom?
_______________________________________________________
答案：
1.Becausetheywantedtomakeabetterlifeforthemselves.
2．TheyarefromAsia，Europe，SouthAmerica，fromeverycorneroftheworld.
Ⅰ.为单词选择正确的释义
1．Arctic A．插入；嵌入
2．ministryB．权威；权力
3．federalC．申请人
4．aircraftD．移民；移民入境
5．immigrationE．售票员；列车员；指挥
6．nephewF．联邦制的；同盟的
7．applicantG．关切的；体贴的；深思的
8．conductorH．处罚；惩罚
9．punishmentI．侄子；外甥
10．authorityJ．飞行器；航空器；飞机
11．thoughtfulK．北极的；北极区的
12．insertL．（政府的）部；神职；牧师的职位
答案：
1－K 2－L 3－F 4－J 5－D 6－I 7－C
8－E 9－H 10－B 11－G 12－A
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示写出单词
1．________n．海峡
2．________n．方法；手段
3．________n．横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道
4．________n.&adj.代理；副职
5．________n．海关；关税；进口税
6．________vi.发生；出现
7．________vt.&vi.刮；剃
8．________n．闸；刹车；制动器
9．________n．角；角度
10．________n．正义；公平
11．________adj.公民的；国内的；民间的
答案：
1.strait 2.means 3.crossing 4.vice 5.customs
6．occur 7.shave 8.brake 9.angle 10.justice 11.civil
Ⅲ.根据英语释义写出单词
1．________：
clearlydifferentorofadifferentkind
2．________：
thelargestpartofagroupofpeopleorthings
3．________：
asituationthatisdifficultandunpleasant
becauseyoudonothaveenoughmoney，food，clothes，etc.
4．________：
tochoosesomebodytodoaparticularjobbyvotingforthem
5．________：
thenumber，amount，rateofsomething，expressedasifitispartofatotalwhichis100
6．________：
happeningorexistingbetweenpeopleofdifferentraces
7．________：
asuddenincreaseintradeandeconomicactivity；aperiodofwealthandsuccess
8．________：
suggestthepossibilityofsth
9．________：
clearlyseen;obvious
10．________：
allowusingsthbygivingsomemoney
11．________：
seize（sb/sth）withhandorunderstand（sth）fully
12．________：
grateful
13．________：
beindeepsorrow
14．________：
makesthbetterbychanging
15．________：
notanywhere
答案：
1.distinct 2.majority 3.hardship 4.elect
5．percentage 6.racial 7.boom 8.indicate
9．apparent 10.hire 11.grasp 12.thankful
13．mourn 14.reform 15.nowhere
Ⅳ.选用正确短语的适当形式完成句子
itislikelythat；inadditionto；itisbelievedthat；keepup；
alargepercentage；bythetime；bymeansof；makealife；
liveon；themajorityof
1．Thegovernmenthastakenmeasurestomakethiscustom________．
2．It'snoteasyto________inanewcity.
3．Willthefineweather________？
4．________peoplepreferpeacetowar.
5．Themansucceeded________workingtwiceashardasothers.
6．I'llhavefinishedmyhomework________youcome.
7．______________ofschoolbooksnowhavepictures.
8．______________analbum，Igavehimapenandapencil.
9．____________________atleastascoreofbuildingsweredamagedordestroyed.
10．Ithink________________hewillarrivetomorrow.
答案：
1.liveon 2.makealife 3.keepup 4.Themajorityof
5．bymeansof 6.bythetime 7.Alargepercentage
8．Inadditionto 9.Itwasbelievedthat
10．itislikelythat
课文表层理解
Ⅰ.判断正（T）误（F）
1．CaliforniaisthelargeststateintheUSAandhasthelargestpopulation.（ ）
2．ThenativeAmericansaretreatedwellafterthearrivalofEuropeans.（ ）
3．OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia，themajoritywerereligiousmen.（ ）
4．Intheearly1800s，RussiansbegansettlinginCalifornia.（ ）
5．Inthelate19thcentury，ChineseimmigrantsarrivedinCalifornia.（ ）
答案：
1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F
Ⅱ.读课文，完成表格
Stage
People
Time
Event
Native1．______
2.________
1500s
Arrivedfirst
Natives
1600s
3.________
Spanish
Spanish
1500s
Took4.________
1800s
RuledbySpain
1821
Became5.______
6.______
GiventotheUSA
7.______
Russians
1800s
Settledin
8．______
Goldminers
South
Americans，
Europeans，
Asians
1848
Discovered&Rush
for9.________
10.______
Becameastate
答案：
1.Americans 2.Asians 3.Sufferedgreatly
4．thenatives'land 5.partofMexico 6.1846
7．Russians 8.California 9.gold 10.1850
课文深层理解
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
Part1（Para.1） A．ThehistoryaboutpeoplefromdifferentcountriesmovingtoCalifornia.
Part2（Paras.2～9）B．ThefutureofCalifornia.
Part3（Para.10）C．AbriefintroductiontoCalifornia.
答案：
Part1—C Part2—A Part3—B
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheGoldRush?
A．OnlyafewpeoplebecamerichintheGoldRush.
B．ManypeoplediedintheGoldRush.
C．IthappenedduringtheAmerican－Mexicanwar.
D．SouthAmericanswereamongthefirsttoarrivetolookforgold.
2．Howmanykindsofpeoplearementionedinthistext?
A．4. B．5. C．6. D．7.
3．What'sthemainreasonthatChineseimmigrantscametoCalifornia?
A．Forgold.
B．Forthebuildingoftherailway.
C．Toopenrestaurants.
D．ToliveintheChinatown.
4．Itcanbeinferredthat________．
A．EuropeanandJewishpeoplecametomakefilmsinHollywood,California
B．peoplefromMexicocametoworkintheshipandaircraftindustries
C．IndiansandPakistanisaregoodatmakingcomputers
D．therewillbemoreracialorculturalgroupsbecausemorepeoplearearrivinginCalifornia
5．What'sthetopicofthispassageabout?
A．ThecultureofCalifornia. B．ThehistoryofCalifornia.
C．ThepopulationofCalifornia.D．ThehistoryoftheUSA.
答案：
1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B
Ⅲ.领会下列句子所用的句型并尝试译成汉语
1．However，itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.
_______________________________________________________
2．ItalsohasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA，havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.
_______________________________________________________
3.ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia，noonereallyknows.
_______________________________________________________
4．Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.
_______________________________________________________
5．Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups，butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.
_______________________________________________________
答案：
1．然而，美洲土著人可能至少在15000年以前就生活在加利福尼亚州了。
2．加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具有多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
3．最早的一批人是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼亚州地区的，谁也说不清楚。
4．这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
5．人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。
Ⅳ.课文缩写
CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAanditalsohasthe1.________ofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA.Thefirstsettlers2.________theBeringStraitfromAsiaandarrivedinCalifornia.ThenativeAmericans3.________afterthearrivalofEuropeansinthe16thcentury.Inthe18thcentury，CaliforniawasruledbySpainuntil1821WhenthepeopleofMexico4.________fromSpain.CaliforniathenbecamepartofMexico.ButaftertheAmerican－Mexicanwarin1846，Californiawas5.________totheUSA.
In1848，inCaliforniagoldwas6.________，whichattractedpeoplefromallovertheworldtoarrivethereto7.________ofbecomingrich.In1850，Californiabecamethe31ststateoftheUSAasamulticulturalsociety.8.________bytheclimateandlifestyle，moreandmorepeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldhavebeenimmigratingtoCalifornia，9.________Asians，Africans，AmericansandEuropeans.10.________，Californiawillbecomeamixtureofmanyracesandcultureswithoutanymajorracialorculturalgroups.
答案：
1.distinction 2.crossed 3.sufferedgreatly
4．gainedtheirindependence 5.givenback
6．discovered 7.achievetheirdreams 8.Attracted
9．including 10.Inthenearfuture
如何写描述地点的说明文
描写或介绍某一地方的文章是说明文常见的形式之一，也是近几年高考书面表达命题的主要形式之一。
[写作指导]
描写一个地方，旨在介绍某个地方的位置、环境特征、气候、人口、面积、交通、历史、名胜、自然资源等。
其目的是使读者对某一地方有清晰、客观、准确的认识和了解。
一般要求语义连贯、语言流畅、逻辑严密，表达出要求表达的意思即可，所以可以把握如下几项技巧。
1．描写一个地方应该了解这个地方的自然环境、历史名胜等，或者根据文章的写作要求具体描写某一方面。
2．灵活运用介词短语、分词短语、长短句等，表达需简明扼要。
3．选择适当的描写顺序。
可按照空间顺序来描写，如由远及近或由近及远，或者用先概括后细化的手法，从不同的侧面、角度来描写。
4．灵活地使用比喻、拟人、夸张的修辞手法，使描述更加生动、形象。
[写作积累]
（一）话题词汇
customn．风俗；习惯
civilizationn．文明；文化
developedadj.发达的
developingadj.发展中的
populationn．人口
immigrantn．移民
absorbvt.吸收
racen．种族
multiculturaladj.多元文化的
takein包含；吸收
haveaneffecton对……有影响
besituatedin位于……
consistof由……组成
berichinnaturalresources自然资源丰富
（二）常用句式
1．位置（location）：
（1）liesin/to/on...
（2）Therestands
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