英语专四真题与参考答案0417164726.docx

英语专四真题与参考答案0417164726.docx

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英语专四真题与参考答案0417164726

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2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案

PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE

Therearetwentysentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencetherearefouroptionsmarked

A,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceoranswersthequestion.Markhour

answersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

11.TheBentPyramidoutsideCairo__________ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuildasmooth-sided

pyramid.

A.hasbeenbelievedtohavebeen

B.wasbelievedtobe

C.isbelievedtohavebeen

D.isbelievedtobe

12.U.S.News____________rankingsofcollegessince1983.Theyareaverypopularresourcefor

studentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.

A.maintains

B.ismaintaining

C.maintained

D.hasbeenmaintaining

13.Hewasluredintoacrimehewouldnot____________havecommitted.

A.actually

B.accidentally

C.otherwise

D.seldom

14.Shewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof_____________

mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.

A.bluehazyVirginia

B.hazyblueVirginia

C.Virginiahazyblue

D.Virginiabluehazy

15.Ilongtoalleviate__________,butIcannot.

A.theevil

B.evil

C.evils

D.anevil

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16.Indeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askillingandmaiming

______________.

A.war

B.arewar

C.ofwar

D.areofwar

17.At____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-sensitivematerialis

alteredwhenexposedtolight.

A.itsmostbasic

B.itsbasic

C.themostbasic

D.thebasic

18.Shehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhernamefromthedeed.

Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn”isused__________.

A.toexpressanintendedpurpose

B.toindicateahighdegreeofpossibility

C.torevealanundesirableconsequence

D.todramatizeastatedfact

19.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?

A.Iwonderwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.

B.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.

C.Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I’mgettingterriblybehind.

D.IsupposeI’mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway.

20.Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmenselyproudof

whathasbeenachievedtheselast20years.Theitalicizedpartinthesentenceexpresses_______.

A.ahypothesis

B.asuggestion

C.acontradiction

D.asurprise

21.WhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto___________,

theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution.

A.justice

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B.testimony

C.trial

D.verdict

22._________,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeenstrongly

criticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen.

A.Questionably

B.Arguably

C.Contentiously

D.Debatably

23.Priceshaverecentlyriseninorderto__________theincreasedcostofrawmaterials.

A.cut

B.buoy

C.offer

D.offset

24.Thecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivinganyauthorizationtoanyone

toproceedwithadivorce.”

A.recommendation

B.recording

C.recollection

D.recognition

25.Whatactually__________agoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedinwhatwe

considerbeautiful.

A.consists

B.constitutes

C.composes

D.constructs

26.Theschoolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoits

uniquedevelopmentprogram.

A.final

B.further

C.supplementary

D.extra

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27.Theteachers’union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing“deplorable”

schoolconditions.

A.fired

B.filed

C.fined

D.filled

28.LastMarchthe__________ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwater

archaeologicalteam.

A.debris

B.ruins

C.remains

D.wreck

29.She’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.

A.countless

B.countable

C.numerical

D.numeral

30.Aleading___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysisof

worldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.

A.oceangoing

B.oceanic

C.marine

D.maritime

PARTIVCLOZE

Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinserted

inthecorrespondingblank.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY.Marktheletterforeachwordon

ANSWERSHEET.

A.accompaniesB.automaticallyC.coupleD.goesE.indebtedness

F.kindG.mannerH.mercifullyI.oneJ.obey

K.renownedL.subscribeM.unknownN.virtueO.widespread

AFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment.HesentChristmas

cardstoasampleofperfectstrangers.Althoughheexpectedsomereaction,theresponse

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hereceivedwasamazing—holidaycardsaddressedtohimcamepouringbackfromthe

peoplewhohadnevermetnorheardofhim.Thegreatmajorityofthosewhoreturneda

cardneverinquiredintotheidentityoftheunknownprofessor.Theyreceivedhisholiday

greetingcard,andtheyautomaticallysentoneinreturn.Thisstudyshowstheactionof

oneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearoundus—therulefor

reciprocation.Therulesaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,inkind,whatanotherpersonhas

providedus.Ifawomandoesusafavor,weshoulddoheroneinreturn;ifamansends

usabirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;ifa

coupleinvitesustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtooneofours.Byvirtueof

thereciprocityrule,then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentoffavors,gifts,

invitations,andthelike.Sotypicalisitforindebtednesstoaccompanythereceiptofsuch

thingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”hasbecomeasynonymfor“thankyou,”n

intheEnglishlanguagebutinothersaswell.

Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseofobligationthat

goeswithitisitspervasivenessinhumanculture.Itissowidespreadthatafterintensive

study,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercanreportthatthereisnohumansocietythat

doesnotsubscribetotherule.

PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION

SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS

Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreach

multiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheone

thatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

PASSAGEONE

（1）TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwere

freefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedon

theirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,noblemenandaristocrats.Thehistoric

decisionsmadebythosefirstsettlershavehadaprofoundeffectontheshapingoftheAmerican

character.Bylimitingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformal

aristocracy,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.Individual

freedomisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues.Byfreedom,Americansmeanthe

desireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefrom

thegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority.

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（2）Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:

self-reliance.Itmeansthat

Americansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinancialandemotional

independencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21.

（3）AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnited

Statesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedinthegame.Because

titlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformalclasssystemdevelopedintheU.S.

（4）Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:

competition.Ifmuch

oflifeisseenasrace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetewith

others.ThepressuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntil

retirementfromwork.Infact,anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnotfit

intothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo.

（5）AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStatesistohavea

betterlife.Becauseofitsabundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStatesappearedtobea“landof

plentywheremillionscouldcometoseektheirfortunes.Thephrase“goingfromragstoriches”

becameasloganfortheAmericandream.Manypeopledidachievematerialsuccess.Materialwealth

becameavaluetotheAmericanpeople,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.

（6）Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:

hardwork.Hardworkhasbeen

bothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory.Insomeways,material

possessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople’sabilities.BarryGoldwater,acandidateforthepresidency

in1964,saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoorbecausetheydeservetobe.MostAmericanswouldfind

thisaharshstatement,butmanymightthinktherewassometruthinit.

（7）ThesebasicvaluesdonottellthewholestoryoftheAmericancharacter.Rather,they

shouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacterand

howitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates.

31.Para.4seemstosuggestthat__________.

A.Americansarebornwithasenseofcompetition

B.thepressureofcompetitionbeginswheno