语言学树形图word精品.docx
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语言学树形图word精品
树形图详细讲解
1.Indicatethecategoryofeachwordinthefollowingsentences.
a)Theoldladysuddenlyleft.
DetANQualV
b)Thecarstoppedattheendoftheroad.
DetNVPDetNPDetN
c)Thesnowmighthaveblockedtheroad.
DetNAuxAuxVDetN
d)Heneverappearsquitemature.
treestructurefor
NQualVDegA
2.Thefollowingphrasesincludeahead,acomplement,andaspecifier.Drawtheappropriateeach.
a)fullofpeople
AP
fullofpeople
b)astoryaboutasentimentalgirl
NP
VP
QualVNP
oftenreaddetectivestories
d)theargumentagainsttheproposals
NP
PP
NP
DetN
theargumentagainsttheproposals
e)movetowardsthewindow
VP
PP
DetN
move
towardsthewindow
3.Drawphrasestructuretreesforeachofthefollowingsentences.a)ThejetIanded.
InflP(=S)
NP
/X
DetN
Infl
VP
Pst
Ianded
Thejet
b)Marybecameveryill.
InflP(=S)
NP
Infl
VP
PstV
becamevery
Mary
c)Whatwillyoutalkabout?
CP
ill
NP
Infl
Sz
NPInfl
VP
NP
VP
VPN
What
will
youe
talkaboute
d)Theapplemighthitthe
S
man.
VP
Det
Aux
NP
Det
The
apple
might
hit
the
man
Det
The
N
VP
Det
apple
mighthitthe
man
e)Heoftenreadsdetectivestories.
OR
InflP(=S)
NPInflVP
NQualVNP
Heoftenreadsetectivestories
4.Thefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodifier(s),thendrawthetreestructures.
a)AfrightenedpassengerIandedthecrippledairplane.
InflP(=S)
NPInflVP
DetANPstVNP
DetAN
AfrightenedpassengerIandedthecrippledairplane
b)Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky.
InflP(=S)
NPInflVP
DetA
NPstV
PP
Ahuge
moon
c)Anunusualeventoccurredbeforethemeeting.
InflP(=S)
Infl
NP
DetA
VP
NPstV
PP
NP
Det*
■-N
meeting
Anunusualeventoccurredbeforethe
d)Aquaintoldhouseappearedonthegrassyhill.
InflP(=S)
NPInflVP
Det
A
PP
P
DetAN
Aquaintold
houseappearedonthegrassy
hill
5.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatreestructureforeachofthesentences.
a)Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.
InflP(=S)
DetANP
Jim
has
washedthedirtyshirtsand
pants
NP
Jim
VP
Infl
has
V
washed
NP
DetA
NP
NCONN
thedirty
shirtsandpants
VP
Helenput
CON
V
on
herclothes
and
went
out
b)Helenputonherclothesandwentout.S
NP
OR
NP
InflP(=S)
Infl
VP
CON
V
Helenputon
herclothesand
c)Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.S
NP
went
out
VP
CON
Maryisfondof
literature
but
(is)
VP
NP
tiredofstatistics
NP
VP
Infl
CON
VP
NPres
VP
VP
V
NP
but
(is)
tiredofstatistics
d)Thedetectivewentoutandthemysteriousman
came
in.
S
S
Adv
S
CON
andthemysteriousmancamein
Thedetective
wentout
e)Crusoeknowsthatspringwillcomeandthesnowwillmelt.
NP
N
comeandthesnow
Crusoeknowsthatspringwill
willmelt
6.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.
a)YouknowthatIhatewar.
S
NP
N
You
Infl
NP
VP
CP
C
Pres
S
NP
VP
NP
You
knowthat
hate
war
b)HesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover.S
NP
VP
C
C
S
NP
A
He
saidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover
c)Gerrycan'believethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.
S
N
Det
N
Gerrycannotbelieve
the
factthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam
d)ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.S
NPVP
CP
NVLAC-S
NPVP
A/l\
DetNVNPNP
NDetN
ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce
e)
NP
Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.S
VPk"-^CP
Det
VP
八
VP
NP
VP
NP
N
Thechildren
whetherbats
arguedover
7.Eachofthefollowingsentencescontainsarelativeclause.Drawtreesforeachofthesentences.
had
wings
thedeepstructureandthesurfacestructure
a)Theessaythathewrotewastoolong.
Deepstructure
Theessayhe
wrotethatwas
toolong
S
NP
N
VP
V
Det
The
CP
NP
essaythat
AP
Deg
S
Infl
NP
Pst
VP
VNP
was
too
long
he
wrotee
b)Thedogthathekeepsbites.
Deepstructure
CP
S
NP
The
dog
he
keeps
that
bites
S
S
Infl
NP
NP
VP
PresV
NP
The
dog
that
he
keeps
bites
c)Herbertfoundthemansheloved.
Deepstructure
CP
S
NP
VP
V
Infl
Herbert
N
foundtheman
NP
shelovedwho
CP
S
NP
VP
V
Infl
Herbert
man
(whom)
sheloved
NP
N
e
foundthe
d)Thegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswithmajorsinlinguistics.
Deepstructure
CP
S
C
Infl
NP
S
Thegirl
he
PP
V
oftenquarrelswithwhommajorsin
linguistics
S
S
NP
PP
V
NP
The
girl
emajorsinlinguistics
oftenquarrels
whom
he
with
8.Thederivationsofthefollowingsentencesinvolvetheinversiontransformation.Givethedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesesentences.
a)Wouldyoucometomorrow?
Deepstructure
AdvP
Adv
you
would
cometomorrow
Surfacestructure
AdvP
Adv
would
you
cometomorrow
b)Canyoupassmethenewspaper?
Deepstructure
you
can
passme
thenewspaper
Surfacestructure
Can
you
pass
me
the
newspaper
c)Shouldthestudentsreporttheincident?
Deepstructure
thestudentsshould
reporttheincident
should
the
students
e
reporttheincident
d)Whatdidyoueatforlunch?
Deepstructure
Surfacestructure
e)Whoshouldthisbereportedto
Deepstructure
thisshouldbe
reportedto
whom
NP
whom
Surfacestructure
CP
C
Infl
S
be
should
this
reported
to
f)WhatwasHelenbringingtotheparty?
Deepstructure
CP
CS
Surfacestructure
CP
NPCS