计算机英语 第3版 课后习题答案 完整版.docx
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计算机英语第3版课后习题答案完整版
参考答案
Unit1SectionA(P8)
I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1.CharlesBabbage;AugustaAdaByron
2.input;output
3.VLSI
4.workstations;mainframes
5.vacuum;transistors
6.instructions;software
7.digit;eight;byte
8.microminiaturization;chip
II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1.artificialintelligence人工智能
2.paper-tapereader纸空阅读机
3.opticalcomputer光学计算机
4.neuralnetwork神经网络
5.instructionset指令集
6.parallelprocessing平行处理
7.differenceengine差分机
8.versatilelogicalelement通用逻辑器件
9.siliconsubstrate硅基
10.vacuumtube真空管(电子管)
11.thestorageandhandlingofdata数据的存储与处理
12.verylarge-scaleintegratedcircuit超大规模集成电路
13.centralprocessingunit中央处理器
14.personalcomputer个人计算机
15.analoguecomputer模拟计算机
16.digitalcomputer数字计算机
17.general-purposecomputer通用计算机
18.processorchip处理器芯片
19.operatinginstructions操作指令
20.inputdevice输入设备
21.
III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:
Wecandefineacomputerasadevicethatacceptsinput,processesdata,storesdata,andproducesoutput.Accordingtothemodeofprocessing,computersareeitheranalogordigital.Theycanbeclassifiedasmainframes,minicomputers,workstations,ormicrocomputers.Allelse(forexample,theageofthemachine)beingequal,thiscategorizationprovidessomeindicationofthecomputer’sspeed,size,cost,andabilities.
Eversincetheadventofcomputers,therehavebeenconstantchanges.First-generationcomputersofhistoricsignificance,suchasUNIVAC,introducedintheearly1950s,werebasedonvacuumtubes.Second-generationcomputers,appearingintheearly1960s,werethoseinwhichtransistorsreplacedvacuumtubes.Inthird-generationcomputers,datingfromthe1960s,integratedcircuitsreplacedtransistors.Infourth-generationcomputerssuchasmicrocomputers,whichfirstappearedinthemid-1970s,large-scaleintegrationenabledthousandsofcircuitstobeincorporatedononechip.Fifth-generationcomputersareexpectedtocombinevery-large-scaleintegrationwithsophisticatedapproachestocomputing,includingartificialintelligenceandtruedistributedprocessing.
Unit2SectionA(P34)
I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1.input;output;storage
2.BasicInputOutputSystem
3.flatbedscanners;hand-heldscanners
4.LCD-based
5.dot-matrixprinters;inkjetprinters
6.diskdrives;memory
7.Volatile
8.serial;parallel
II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1.Functionkey功能键
2.voicerecognitionmodule语音识别模块
3.touch-sensitiveregion触感区,触摸区
4.addressbus地址总线
5.flatbedscanner平板扫描仪
6.dot-matrixprinter点阵打印机(针式打印机)
7.parallelconnection并行连接
8.cathoderaytube阴极射线管
9.videogame电子游戏(港台亦称电玩)
10.audiosignal音频信号
11.operatingsystem操作系统
12.LCD(liquidcrystaldisplay)液晶显示(器)
13.inkjetprinter喷墨打印机
14.databus数据总线
15.serialconnection串行连接
16.volatilememory易失性存储器
17.laserprinter激光打印机
18.diskdrive磁盘驱动器
19.BIOS(BasicInputOutputSystem)基本输入输出系统
20.videodisplay视频显示器
III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:
CD-ROMstandsforcompactdiskread-onlymemory.Unlikefloppyandharddisks,whichusemagneticchargestorepresent1sand0s,opticaldisksusereflectedlight.OnaCD-ROMdisk,1sand0sarerepresentedbyflatareasandbumpyareas(called“pits”)onitsbottomsurface.TheCD-ROMdiskisreadbyalaserthatprojectsatinybeamoflightontheseareas.Theamountofreflectedlightdetermineswhetherthearearepresentsa1ora0.
LikeacommercialCDfoundinmusicstores,aCD-ROMisa“read-only”disk.Read-onlymeansitcannotbewrittenonorerasedbytheuser.Thus,youasauserhaveaccessonlytothedataimprintedbythepublisher.
AsingleCD-ROMdiskcanstore650megabytesofdata.Thatisequivalentto451floppydisks.Withthatmuchinformationonasingledisk,thetimetoretrieveoraccesstheinformationisveryimportant.AnimportantcharacteristicofCD-ROMdrivesistheiraccessrate.
Unit3SectionA(P57)
I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1.artificial;instructions
2.low-level;high-level
3.low-level
4.Machine
5.functional;logic
6.Statement
7.Module
8.digital
II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1.storageregister存储寄存器
2.functionstatement函数语句
3.programstatement程序语句
4.object-orientedlanguage面向对象语言
5.assemblylanguage汇编语言
6.intermediatelanguage中间语言,中级语言
7.relationallanguage关系(型)语言
8.artificiallanguage人造语言
9.datadeclaration数据声明
10.SQL结构化查询语言
11.executableprogram可执行程序
12.programmodule程序模块
13.conditionalstatement条件语句
14.assignmentstatement赋值语句
15.logiclanguage逻辑语言
16.machinelanguage机器语言
17.procedurallanguage过程语言
18.programminglanguage程序设计语言
19.runacomputerprogram运行计算机程序
20.computerprogrammer计算机程序设计员
III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:
Aprogramminglanguageisalanguageusedtowriteinstructionsforthecomputer.Itletstheprogrammerexpressdataprocessinginasymbolicmannerwithoutregardtomachine-specificdetails.
Thedifficultyofwritingprogramsinthemachinelanguageof0sand1sledfirsttothedevelopmentofassemblylanguage,whichallowsprogrammerstousemnemonicsforinstructionsandsymbolsforvariables.Suchprogramsarethentranslatedbyaprogramknownasanassemblerintothebinaryencodingusedbythecomputer.Otherpiecesofsystemsoftwareknownaslinkingloaderscombinepiecesofassembledcodeandloadthemintothemachine’smainmemoryunit,wheretheyarethenreadyforexecution.Theconceptoflinkingseparatepiecesofcodewasimportant,sinceitallowed“libraries”ofprogramstobebuiltuptocarryoutcommontasks—afirststeptowardtheincreasinglyemphasizednotionofsoftwarereuse.Assemblylanguagewasfoundtobesufficientlyinconvenientthathigher-levellanguages(closertonaturallanguages)wereinventedinthe1950sforeasier,fasterprogramming;alongwiththemcametheneedforcompilers,programsthattranslatehigh-levellanguageprogramsintomachinecode.Asprogramminglanguagesbecamemorepowerfulandabstract,buildingefficientcompilersthatcreatehigh-qualitycodeintermsofexecutionspeedandstorageconsumptionbecameaninterestingcomputerscienceprobleminitself.
Unit4SectionA(P81)
I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1.application;operating
2.assemblers
3.compiler
4.interpreter
5.Debugger
6.Loop
7.devicedriver
8.JohnvonNeumann
II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1.inferenceengine推理机
2.systemcall系统调用
3.compiledlanguage编译语言
4.parallelcomputing平行计算
5.patternmatching模式匹配
6.freememory空闲内存
7.interpreterprogram解释程序
8.libraryroutine库程序
9.intermediateprogram中间程序,过渡程序
10.sourcefile源文件
11.interpretedlanguage解释(性)语言
12.devicedriver设备驱动程序
13.sourceprogram源程序
14.debuggingprogram调试程序
15.objectcode目标代码
16.applicationprogram应用程序
17.utilityprogram实用程序
18.logicprogram逻辑程序
19.inkcartridge墨盒
20.programstorageandexecution程序的存储与执行
III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:
Acompiler,incomputerscience,isacomputerprogramthattranslatessourcecodeintoobjectcode.Softwareengineerswritesourcecodeusinghigh-levelprogramminglanguagesthatpeoplecanunderstand.Computerscannotdirectlyexecutesourcecode,butneedacompilertotranslatetheseinstructionsintoalow-levellanguagecalledmachinecode.
Compilerscollectandreorganize(compile)alltheinstructionsinagivensetofsourcecodetoproduceobjectcode.Objectcodeisoftenthesameasorsimilartoacomputer’smachinecode.Iftheobjectcodeisthesameasthemachinelanguage,thecomputercanruntheprogramimmediatelyafterthecompilerproducesitstranslation.Iftheobjectcodeisnotinmachinelanguage,otherprograms—suchasassemblers,binders(联编程序),linkers(连接程序),andloaders(装入程序)—finishthetranslation.
Mostcomputerlanguagesusedifferentversionsofcompilersfordifferenttypesofcomputersoroperatingsystems,soonelanguagemayhavedifferentcompilersforpersonalcomputers(PC)andAppleMacintoshcomputers.Manydifferentmanufacturersoftenproduceversionsofthesameprogramminglanguage,socompilersforalanguagemayvarybetweenmanufacturers.
Unit7SectionA(P153)
I.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:
1.Telegraph
2.dots;dashes
3.Media
4.point-to-point
5.Analog
6.Digital
7.text-based
8.modem
II.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:
1.microwaveradio微波无线电
2.digitaltelevision数字电视
3.DSL数字用户线路
4.analogtransmission模拟传输
5.on-screenpointer屏幕(触摸屏)上的指示(器)
6.computerterminal计算机终端
7.radiotelephone无线电话
8.cellulartelephone蜂窝电话(移动电话)
9.decentralizednetwork分散的网络
10.wire-basedinternalnetwork基于普通网线的内部网络
11.fiber-opticcable光缆
12.faxmachine传真机
13.wirelesscommunications无线通信
14.point-to-pointcommunications点对点通信
15.modulatedelectricalimpulse调制电脉冲
16.communication(s)satellite通信卫星
17.telegraphkey电报电键
18.transmissionmedium传输媒体
19.cordlesstelephone无绳电话
20.metalconductor金属导体
III.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist