地大北京考博英语题.docx

地大北京考博英语题.docx

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地大北京考博英语题

CHINAUNIVERSITYOFGEOSCIENCES

PhDEntranceExaminationinEnglish

16April2011

LISTENTOTHIS!

Goodmorning!

YouareabouttotaketheEnglishtestfor

peoplewhowishtoenteroneofthedoctoralprograms

atthisuniversity.

Thetestmayberatherdifferentfromanyexamyou’ve

takeninthepast.Thefirstpartisatimedlisteningexercise.

Theotherthreesectionstestyourknowledgeofgrammar,

elementarywritingskillsandbasicvocabulary,plusyour

readingability.

Youcanhaveasmuchtimeasyoulikeforthelastthree

partsofthetest--withinreason,ofcourse.

Thetesthasfoursections.Theanswersforparts1,2and3（in

otherwords,everypartexcept4）shouldbemarkedonyouranswer

sheet.Theanswersforpart4shouldbewrittendirectlyonthe

pagesforthatpartoftheexam.

MakesureyouREADANDFOLLOWTHEDIRECTIONS

foreachpartofthetest!

Theuseofdictionaries（printedorelectronic）is

ABSOLUTELYFORBIDDEN.

Theresultsofthisexamwillenableustocompareyour

preparationinEnglishwiththatoftheothercandidates.The

“passing”gradeisrelative;inotherwords,itwilldependonthe

scoresforthewholebodyoftest-takers.Justrelaxanddoas

wellasyoucan.

Weshallnowbegin.Turnthepagetopart1.Goodluck!

PART2Eachquestioninthispartconsistsofoneormoresentencesinwhichfourwordsorphrasesareunderlined.ThefourunderlinedpartsaremarkedA,B,CorD.DecidewhichoneofthefourpartsisnotgoodEnglish.Thenwritetheletterfoundunderthatpartintheproperspaceonyouranswersheet.

IfthefourunderlinedpartsareallgoodEnglishandthereisnoerrorinthesentence,thenwriteEinthespaceonyouranswersheet.REMEMBER!

YoualwayshaveFIVEpossiblechoices:

A,B,C,DorE（=noerror）.

1Althoughtherehasbeenagreatdealofconstructionattheuniversityinthelastfewyears,

AB

butthecampusstillfeelsfairlyopenanduncluttered.

CD

2I’msureyou’llagreethatwhenapersonisasambitiousasLiFei,noonecanstophim

ABC

toachievehiscareerobjectives.

D

3TheChinagovernmenthasannounceditsintentiontodoublethecountry’sinvestment

AB

inresearchonsolarpoweroverthenextthreeyears.

CD

4Asyoucantellfromhowanimatedheis,Charlesisnottiredenoughtogotobedyet.Hewouldn’t

ABC

sleepifhegoestobednow.

D

5OrdinarilyProfessorLingisaperfectlyreasonableman,soIdon’tunderstandwhyheisbeingso

ABC

stubborninthiscase.

D

6HeradvisorpersuadedhertoremainatNanjingUniversitytodoherdoctorate,butshedecidedto

AB

applytothepostgraduatedivisionoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

CD

7JustasoneneedsaJ.D.tobecomealawyerinAmerica,onemustobtainaM.D.inorderto

AB

qualifyasaphysician,thoughthedegreeisnottheonlyrequirement.

CD

8Weareundertakingasurveytoevaluatetheextenttowhichtheeducationalsystemthatexistsin

AB

Chinatodayanswerstheneedsofsociety.

CD

9EvenasachildIwasnotagreatfanofcartoon,butmydaughterwatchesthemwhenevershecan,

ABC

withnoapparentilleffectsonherattitudeorherperformanceatschool.

D

10ComparingwithotherAsiancountries,Chinasuffersfromthegreatestgapbetweenits

ABC

developmentneedsanditsactualwaterresources.

D

11WhenIputthebeautifullydecoratedgiftcanisterintoMrKang’shands,hethankedme

AB

effusivelyforsendinghimsuchhigh-qualitytea.

CD

12Thenumberofpeoplebuyingprivateautosisstillrisingrapidly,thereforetheeffectofthe

A

government’songoingeffortstocutairpollutionremainsopentoquestion.

BCD

13Sincethedatafromtheexperimentsarenoteasytobeanalysed,itwillbeseveralweeksbeforewe

ABC

knowwhetherwearefreetoproceedwiththesecondpartofourresearchprogram.

D

14Onceyouhavefinishedreadingthesedocumentsfromourconsultant,wewouldliketohaveyour

A

opinionregardingthevalueoftheadvicesreceivedsofar.

BCD

15IthoughtthatProfessorLiebermann’sspeechatthefarewellbanquetwasverymarvelous,

AB

andsodidmostoftheotherpeoplethere,tojudgefromthevigorousapplauseitreceived.

CD

PART3.Readthetwoarticlesbelowcarefullyandcompletely.（Theparagraphsarenumberedtohelpyoufinditems.）Thenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Ineachcasewritetheletterofthecorrectansweronyouranswersheet.

Youarenotallowedtouseadictionary.However,wehaveprovidedashortlistofdifficultwordswiththeirdefinitionstohelpyoureadthetexts.Checkthisvocabularylistbeforeyoubeginthearticles.

VOCABULARY

animalhusbandry:

theskillsinvolvedinraisinganimalsonfarms

antibiotic:

（adrug）usedtokillbacteriaandcureinfections

abeagle:

akindofintelligentmedium-sizeddog

abonanza:

aluckysituationthatallowsonetomakealotofmoney

abounty:

areward（payment）forfindingsomeoneorsomething

tobreed:

toreproduce,ortocausetoreproduce

abug（UScolloquial）:

insect

todevastate:

tocauseimmenseharmordamage

todiscard:

tothrowaway

todisposeof:

getridof

empirical:

basedonscientificexperimentandtesting

toexterminate:

tokillsomethingabundant（especiallyformoney）

afix（colloquial）:

asolution,especiallyaconvenientone

tofollowsuit:

tobehaveinthesameway

immune:

biologicallyunabletocatchadisease;totallyresistant

itchy:

makingonewanttoruborscratchwithone’sfingernails

judicious:

prudent,wiselycareful

laissez-faire:

rule-free

liability:

legalresponsibilityforsomething

litigation:

formallytakingclaimsorcomplaintstoacourtforsettlement

alitter:

agroupofyounganimalsborntogetherfromonemother

livestock:

cattle

amattress:

thepartofabedthatonesleepson

merchandise:

whatmerchantssell

amicrobe（adj.microbial）:

alivingthingonlyviewableunderamicroscope

amutation:

achangeinthegeneticstructureofaplantoranimal

tooutsomeone/something:

torevealsomeone/something（assomethingembarrassing）

apest:

ahighlyundesirableanimalorplant

poultry:

chickens,ducks,geeseandturkeysraisedformeatandeggs

quarterly:

everythreemonths

torecoup:

regain,getback,winback

aregimen:

aspecialplanforgivingortakingsomething（overtime）

revenue:

income

ascourge:

somethingthatcausesagreatdealofharm

tosniff:

tosmellbyusingshortdeepbreathsthroughthenose

asow:

amotherpig

tobeatstake:

tobeindangerofbeinglostorruined

astigma:

lastingembarrassment

astrain:

abiologicalvarietyortype

asuit:

thelegalactionofsuingsomeoneincourt

therapeutic:

healing,orusefulinhealing

totrigger:

tomakesomethinghappen,andveryquickly

veterinary:

pertainingtoanimalmedicine

awelt:

araisedareaontheskin,oftenred–thebody’sreactionto,say,abeesting

awindfall:

unexpectedandunearnedprofit

ARTICLEA

1.Formorethan50yearsmicrobiologistsintheUSandEuropehavewarnedagainstusingantibioticstofattenupfarmanimals.Thepractice,theyargue,threatenshumanhealthbyturningfarmsintobreedinggroundsofdrug-resistantbacteria.Farmersrespondedthatrestrictingantibioticsinlivestockwoulddevastatetheindustryandsignificantlyraisecoststoconsumers.Wenowhaveempiricaldatathatshouldresolvethisdebate.Since1995Denmarkhasenforcedprogressivelytighterrulesontheuseofantibioticsintheraisingofpigs,poultryandotherlivestock.Intheprocess,ithasshownthatitispossibletoprotecthumanhealthwithouthurtingfarmers.

2.Farmersinmanycountriesuseantibioticsintwokeyways:

（1）atfullstrengthtotreatanimalsthataresickand

（2）inlowdosestofattenmeat-producinglivestockortopreventveterinaryillnesses.（ItisillegalintheUStosellmilkforhumanconsumptionfromdairycattletreatedwithantibiotics.）Althougheventheproperuseofantibioticscaninadvertentlyleadtothespreadofdrug-resistantbacteria,thehabitofusingalowor“sub-therapeutic”doseisaformulafordisaster:

thetreatmentprovidesjustenoughantibiotictokillsomebutnotallbacteria.Thegermsthatsurvivearetypicallythosethathappentobeargeneticmutationsforresistingtheantibiotic.Theythenreproduceandexchangegeneswithothermicrobialresisters.Becausebacteriaarefoundliterallyeverywhere,resistantstrainsproducedinanimalseventuallyfindtheirwayintopeopleaswell.Youcouldhardlydesignabettersystemforguaranteeingthespreadofantibioticresistance.

3.Thedatafrommultiplestudiesovertheyearssupporttheconclusionthatlowdosesofantibioticsinanimalsincreasethenumberofdrug-resistantmicrobesinbothanimalsandpeople.AsJoshuaM.Scharfstein,aprincipaldeputycommissionerattheFoodandDrugAdministration,toldaUScongressionalsubcommitteelastsummer,“Youactuallycantracethespecificbacteriaaroundand...findthattheresistantstrainsinhumansmatchtheresistantstrainsintheanimals.”AndthisscienceiswhatledDenmarktostopsub-therapeuticdosingofchickens,pigsandotherfarmanimals.

4.Althoughthetransitionunfoldedsmoothlyinthepoultryindustry,theaverageweightofpigsfellinthefirstyear.ButafterDanishfarmersstartedleavingsowsandpigletstogetherafewweekslongertobolsterthelittermates’immunesystemsnaturally,theanimals’weightsjumpedbackup,andthenumber