考研英语二阅读理解考试真题答案.docx

考研英语二阅读理解考试真题答案.docx

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考研英语二阅读理解考试真题答案

2021年考研英语二阅读理解考试真题答案

　　SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Reskillingissomethingthatsoundslikeabuzzwordbutisactuallyarequirementifweplantohaveafuturewherealotofwould-beworkersdonotgetleftbehind.

　　Weknowwearemovingintoaperiodwherethejobsindemandwillchangerapidly,aswilltherequirementsofthejobsthatremain.ResearchbytheWEFdetailedintheHarvardBusinessReview,findsthatonaverage42percentofthe"coreskill"withinjobroleswillchangeby2022.Thatisaveryshorttimeline,sowecanonlyimaginewhatthechangeswillbefurtherinthefuture.

　　Thequestionofwhoshouldpayforreskillingisathornyone.Forindividualcompanies,thetemptationisalwaystoletgoofworkerswhoseskillsarenolongerdemandandreplacethemwiththosewhoseskillsare.Thatdoesnotalwayshappen.AT&Tisoftengivenasthegoldstandardofacompanywhodecidedtodoamassivereskillingprogramratherthangowithafire-and-hirestrategyultimatelyretraining18,000employees.Prepandemic,othercompaniesincludingAmazonandDisneyhadalsopledgedtocreatetheirownplans.Whentheskillsmismatchisinthebroadereconomythough,thefocususuallyturnstogovernmenttohandle.EffortsinCanadaandelsewherehavebeenarguablylanguidatbest,andhavegivenusasituationwherewefrequentlyhearofemployersbeggingforworkersevenattimesandinregionswhereunemploymentishigh.

　　Withthepandemic,unemploymentisveryhighindeed.InFebruary,at3.5percentand5.5percentrespectively,unemploymentratesinCanadaandtheUnitedStateswereatgenerationallowsandworkershortageswereeverywhere.AsofMay,thoserateshadspikedupto13.3percentand13.7percent,andalthoughmanyworkershortageshaddisappeared,notallhaddoneso.Inthemedicalfield,totakeanobviousexamplethepandemicmeantthattherewerestillclearshortagesofdoctors,nursesandothermedicalpersonnel.

　　Ofcourse,itisnotlikeyoucantakeanunemployedwaiterandtrainhimtobedoctorinfewweeks,nomatterwhopaysforit.Butevenifyoucannotclosethatgap,maybeyoucancloseothers,anddoingsowouldbetothebenefitofallconcerned.ThatseemstobethecaseinSweden,wherethepandemickick-startedaretrainingprogramwherebusinessaswellasgovernmenthadarole.

　　ReskillinginthiswaywouldbechallenginginaNorthAmericancontext.Youcaneasilyimaginechorusof"can'tdothat"becauseteachersornursesorwhoeverhavespecialskills,andusinganysupportwhohasbeenquicklytrainedisboundtoendindisaster,Maybe.OrmaybeitissomethingthatcanworkwellinSweden,withitshistoryofco-operationbetweenbusinesses,laborandgovernment,butnotinNorthAmericawhereourhistoryisverydifferent.Thenagain,maybeitisakintowartime,whenextraordinarythingstakeplacebutitisbusinessasusualafterthefact.Andyet,asinwarthepandemicisteachingusthatmanythings,includingrapidreskilling,canbedoneifthereisawilltodothem.Inanycase.Sweden'sworkforceisnowmoreskilled,inmorethings,andmoreflexiblethanitwasbefore.

　　Ofcourse,reskillingprograms,whetherforpandemicneedsorthepostpandemicworld,areexpensiveandatatimewheneveryone'sbudgetsareleanthismaynotbethetimetoimplementthem.Thenagain,extendingincomesupportprogramstogetusthroughthenextmonthsisexpensive,too,tosaynothingofthecostofhavingaswathoflong-termunemployedinthePOST-COVIDyearsgiventhat,perhapsweshouldthinkhardaboutwhetherthepandemiccanjump-startustoaplacewherereskillingbecomesmuchmorethanabuzzword.

　　21.【题干】ResearchbytheWorldEconomicForumsuggests_____

　　【选项】

　　A.anincreaseinfull-timeemployment

　　B.anurgentdemandfornewjobskills

　　C.asteadygrowthofjobopportunities

　　D.acontroversyaboutthe"coreskills"

　　【答案】B

　　22.【题干】AT&Tiscitedtoshow_____

　　【选项】

　　A.analternativetothefire-and-hirestrategy

　　B.animmediateneedforgovernmentsupport

　　C.theimportanceofstaffappraisalstandards

　　D.thecharacteristicsofreskillingprogram

　　【答案】A

　　23.【题干】EffortstoresolvetheskillsmismatchinCanada_____

　　【选项】

　　A.havedrivenuplaborcosts

　　B.haveprovedtobeinconsistent

　　C.havemetwithfierceopposition

　　D.haveappearedtobeinsufficient

　　【答案】D

　　24.【题干】WecanlearnfromParagraph3thattherewas_____.

　　【选项】

　　A.acallforpolicyadjustment.

　　B.achangeinhiringpractices.

　　C.alackofmedicalworkers.

　　D.asignofeconomicrecovery.

　　【答案】C

　　25.【题干】ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedto_____.

　　【选项】

　　A.Greatjobvacanciesfortheunemployed.

　　B.Preparetheirlaid-offworkersforotherjobs.

　　C.Retraintheircabinstaffforbetterservices.

　　D.financetheirstaff'scollegeeducation.

　　【答案】B

　　Withtheglobalpopulationpredictedtohitcloseto10billionby2050,andforecaststhatagriculturalproductioninoneregionswillneedtonearlydoubletokeeppace,foodsecurityisincreasinglymakingheadlinesIntheUK,ithasbecomeabigtalkingpointrecentlytoo,foraratherparticularreason:

Brexit.

　　BrexitisseenbysomeasanopportunitytoreversearecenttrendtowardstheUKimportingfood.Thecountryproducesonlyabout60percentofthefooditeats,downfromalmostthree-quartersinthelate1980s.Amovebacktoself-sufficiency,theargumentgoes,wouldboostthefarmingindustry,politicalsovereigntyandeventhenationshealth,Soundsgreatbuthowfeasibleisthisvision?

　　AccordingtoareportonUKfoodproductionfromtheUniversityofLeeds,UK,85percentofthecountry'stotallandareaisassociatedwithmeatanddairyproduction.Thatsupplies80percentofwhatisconsumed,soevencoveringthewholecountryinlivestockfarmswouldn'tallowustocoverallourmeatanddairyneeds.

　　Therearemanycaveatstothosefigures,buttheyarestillgrave.Tobecomemuchmoreself-sufficient.TheUKwouldneedtodrasticallyreduceitsconsumptionofanimalfoods,andprobablyalsofarmmoreintensivelymeaningfewergreenfieldsandmorefactorystyleproduction.

　　Butswitchingtoamainlyplant-baseddietwouldn'thelp.ThereisagoodreasonwhytheUKisdominatedbyanimalhusbandry,mostofitsterraindoesn'thavetherightsoilorclimatetogrowcropsoncommercialbasis.Just25percentofthecountry'slandissuitableforcrop-growing,mostofwhichisalreadyoccupiedbyarablefields.Evenifweconvertedallthesuitablelandtofieldsoffruitandvegetablewhichwouldinvolvetakingoutallthenaturereservesandremovingthousandsofpeoplefromtheirhomes-wewouldachieveonlya30percentboostincropproduction.

　　Just23percentofthefruitandvegetablesconsumedintheUKarecurrentlyhome-grown,soevenwiththemostextrememeasureswecouldmeetonly30percentofourfreshproduceneeds.Thatisbeforewelookforthespacetogrowthegrains,sugars,seedsandoilsthatprovideuswiththevastbulkofourcurrentcalorieintake.

　　26.【题干】Somepeoplearguethatfoodself-sufficiencyintheUKwould_____.

　　【选项】

　　A.abehinderedbyitspopulationgrowth

　　B.contributetothenationswell-being

　　C.becomeapriorityofthegovernment

　　D.postachallengetoitsfarmingindustry

　　【答案】D

　　27.【题干】ThereportbytheUniversityofLeedsshowedthatintheUK_____.

　　【选项】

　　A.farmlandhasbeeninefficientlyutilised

　　B.factorystyleproductionneedsreforming

　　C.mostlandisusedformeatanddairyproduction

　　D.moregreenfieldswillbeconvertedforfarming

　　【答案】C

　　28.【题干】Crop-growingintheUKisrestricteddueto_____.

　　【选项】

　　A.itsfarmingtechnology

　　B.itsdietarytradition

　　C.itsnaturalconditions

　　D.itscommercialinterests

　　【答案】C

　　29.【题干】ItcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatBritishpeople_____.

　　【选项】

　　A.relylargelyonimportsforfreshproduce

　　B.enjoyasteadyriseinfruitconsumption

　　C.areseekingeffectivewaystocutcalorieintake

　　D.aretryingtogrownewvarietiesofgrains

　　【答案】A

　　30.【题干】Theauthor'sattitudetofoodself-efficiencyintheUKis_____.

　　【选项】

　　A.defensive

　　B.doubtful

　　C.tolerant

　　D.optimistic

　　【答案】B

　　WhenMicrosoftboughttaskmanagementapp.WunerlistandmobilecalendarSunrisein2021,itpickeduptwonewcomersthatwereattractingconsiderablebuzzinSiliconValley.Microsoft'ownOfficedominatesthemarketfor"productivity"software,butthestart-upsrepresentedanewwaveoftechnologydesignedfromthegroundupforthesmartphoneworld.

　　Bothapps,however,werelaterscrapped,afterMicrosoftsaidithadusedtheirbestfeaturesinitsownproducts.Theirteamsofengineersstayedon,makingthemtwoofthemany"acqui-hires"thatthebiggestcompanieshaveusedtofeedtheirinsatiablehungerfortechtalent.

　　ToMicrosoft'scritics,thefatesofWunderlistandSunriseareexamplesofaremorselessdrivebyBigTechtochewupanyinnovativecompaniesthatlieintheirpath."Theyboughttheseedlingsandclosedthemdown,"complainedPaulAmold,apartneratSanFrancisco-basedSwitchVentures,puttingpaidtobusinessesthatmightonedaytumintocompetitors.Microsoftdeclinedtocomment.

　　Likeotherstart-upinvestors,MrAmold'sownbusinessoftendependsonsellingstart-upstolargertechcompanies,thoughheadmitstomixedfeelingsabouttheresult:

"Ithinkthesethingsaregoodforme,ifIputmyselfishhaton.ButaretheygoodfortheAmericaneconomy?

Idon'tknow."

　　TheUSFederalTradeCommissionsaysitwantstofindtheanswertothatquestion.T