剑桥雅思 阅读理解解析含翻译.docx

剑桥雅思 阅读理解解析含翻译.docx

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剑桥雅思阅读理解解析含翻译

剑桥雅思8-第三套试题-阅读部分-PASSAGE1-阅读真题原文部分:

　　READINGPASSAGE1

　　Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.

StrikingBackatLightningWithLasers

　　Seldomistheweathermoredramaticthanwhenthunderstormsstrike.Theirelectricalfuryinflictsdeathorseriousinjuryonaround500peopleeachyearintheUnitedStatesalone.Asthecloudsrollin,aleisurelyroundofgolfcanbecomeaterrifyingdicewithdeath-outintheopen,alonegolfermaybealightningbolt'smostinvitingtarget.Andthereisdamagetopropertytoo.LightningdamagecostsAmericanpowercompaniesmorethan$100millionayear.

　　ButresearchersintheUnitedStatesandJapanareplanningtohitback.Alreadyinlaboratorytrialstheyhavetestedstrategiesforneutralisingthepowerofthunderstorms,andthiswintertheywillbraverealstorms,equippedwithanarmouryoflasersthattheywillbepointingtowardstheheavenstodischargethundercloudsbeforelightningcanstrike.

　　Theideaofforcingstormcloudstodischargetheirlightningoncommandisnotnew.Intheearly1960s,researcherstriedfiringrocketstrailingwiresintothundercloudstosetupaneasydischargepathforthehugeelectricchargesthatthesecloudsgenerate.ThetechniquesurvivestothisdayatatestsiteinFloridarunbytheUniversityofFlorida,withsupportfromtheElectricalPowerResearchInstitute（EPRI）,basedinCalifornia.EPRI,whichisfundedbypowercompanies,islookingatwaystoprotecttheUnitedStates'powergridfromlightningstrikes.'Wecancausethelightningtostrikewherewewantittousingrockets,'saysRalphBernstein,manageroflightningprojectsatEPRI.Therocketsiteisprovidingprecisemeasurementsoflightningvoltagesandallowingengineerstocheckhowelectricalequipmentbearsup.

　　Badbehaviour

　　Butwhilerocketsarefineforresearch,theycannotprovidetheprotectionfromlightningstrikesthateveryoneislookingfor.Therocketscostaround$1,200each,canonlybefiredatalimitedfrequencyandtheirfailurerateisabout40percent.Andevenwhentheydotriggerlightning,thingsstilldonotalwaysgoaccordingtoplan.'Lightningisnotperfectlywellbehaved,'saysBernstein.'Occasionally,itwilltakeabranchandgosomeplaceitwasn'tsupposedtogo.'

　　Andanyway,whowouldwanttofirestreamsofrocketsinapopulatedarea?

'Whatgoesupmustcomedown,'pointsoutJean-ClaudeDielsoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Dielsisleadingaproject,whichisbackedbyEPRI,totrytouselaserstodischargelightningsafely-andsafetyisabasicrequirementsincenoonewantstoputthemselvesortheirexpensiveequipmentatrisk.Witharound$500,000investedsofar,apromisingsystemisjustemergingfromthelaboratory.

　　Theideabegansome20yearsago,whenhigh-poweredlaserswererevealingtheirabilitytoextractelectronsoutofatomsandcreateions.Ifalasercouldgeneratealineofionisationintheairallthewayuptoastormcloud,thisconductingpathcouldbeusedtoguidelightningtoEarth,beforetheelectricfieldbecomesstrongenoughtobreakdowntheairinanuncontrollablesurge.Tostopthelaseritselfbeingstruck,itwouldnotbepointedstraightattheclouds.Insteaditwouldbedirectedatamirror,andfromthereintothesky.Themirrorwouldbeprotectedbyplacinglightningconductorscloseby.Ideally,thecloud-zapper（gun）wouldbecheapenoughtobeinstalledaroundallkeypowerinstallations,andportableenoughtobetakentointernationalsportingeventstobeamupatbrewingstormclouds.

　　Astumblingblock

　　However,thereisstillabigstumblingblock.Thelaserisnoniftyportable:

it'samonsterthattakesupawholeroom.Dielsistryingtocutdownthesizeandsaysthatalaseraroundthesizeofasmalltableisintheoffing.Heplanstotestthismoremanageablesystemonlivethundercloudsnextsummer.

　　BernsteinsaysthatDiels'ssystemisattractinglotsofinterestfromthepowercompanies.Buttheyhavenotyetcomeupwiththe$5millionthatEPRIsayswillbeneededtodevelopacommercialsystem,bymakingthelasersyetsmallerandcheaper.'IcannotsayIhavemoneyyet,butI'mworkingonit,'saysBernstein.Hereckonsthattheforthcomingfieldtestswillbetheturningpoint-andhe'shopingforgoodnews.Bernsteinpredicts'anavalancheofinterestandsupport'ifallgoeswell.Heexpectstoseecloud-zapperseventuallycosting100,000each.

　　Otherscientistscouldalsobenefit.Withalightning'switch'attheirfingertips,materialsscientistscouldfindoutwhathappenswhenmightycurrentsmeetmatter.Dielsalsohopestoseethebirthof'interactivemeteorology'-notjustforecastingtheweatherbutcontrollingit.'Ifwecoulddischargeclouds,wemightaffecttheweather,'hesays.

　　Andperhaps,saysDiels,we'llbeabletoconfrontsomeothermeteorologicalmenaces.'Wethinkwecouldpreventhailbyinducinglightning,'hesays.Thunder,theshockwavethatcomesfromalightningflash,isthoughttobethetriggerforthetorrentialrainthatistypicalofstorms.Alaserthunderfactorycouldshakethemoistureoutofclouds,perhapspreventingtheformationofthegianthailstonesthatthreatencrops.Withluck,asthestormcloudsgatherthiswinter,laser-totingresearcherscould,forthefirsttime,strikeback.

　　Questions1-3

　　Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.

　　Writethecorrectletterinboxes1-3onyouranswersheet.

　　1Themaintopicdiscussedinthetextis

　　AthedamagecausedtoUSgolfcoursesandgolfplayersbylightningstrikes.

　　BtheeffectoflightningonpowersuppliesintheUSandinJapan.

　　Cavarietyofmethodsusedintryingtocontrollightningstrikes.

　　Dalasertechniqueusedintryingtocontrollightningstrikes.

　　2Accordingtothetext,everyyearlightning

　　Adoesconsiderabledamagetobuildingsduringthunderstorms.

　　BkillsorinjuresmainlygolfersintheUnitedStates.

　　Ckillsorinjuresaround500peoplethroughouttheworld.

　　Ddamagesmorethan100Americanpowercompanies.

　　3ResearchersattheUniversityofFloridaandattheUniversityofNewMexico

　　Areceivefundsfromthesamesource.

　　Bareusingthesametechniques.

　　Careemployedbycommercialcompanies.

　　Dareinoppositiontoeachother.

　　Questions4-6

　　Completethesentencesbelow.

　　ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

　　Writeyouranswersinboxes4-6onyouranswersheet.

　　4EPRIreceivesfinancialsupportfrom………………………….

　　5TheadvantageofthetechniquebeingdevelopedbyDielsisthatitcanbeused……………….

　　6Themaindifficultyassociatedwithusingthelaserequipmentisrelatedtoits……………….

　　Questions7-10

　　Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords,A-I,below.

　　Writethecorrectletter,A-I,inboxes7-10onyouranswersheet.

　　Inthismethod,alaserisusedtocreatealineofionisationbyremovingelectronsfrom7………………………….Thislaseristhendirectedat8…………………………inordertocontrolelectricalcharges,amethodwhichislessdangerousthanusing9………………………….Asaprotectionforthelasers,thebeamsareaimedfirstlyat10………………………….

　　Acloud-zappersBatomsCstormclouds

　　DmirrorsEtechniqueFions

　　GrocketsHconductorsIthunder

　　Questions11-13

　　DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?

　　Inboxes11-13onyouranswersheetwrite

　　YESifthestatementagreeswiththeclaimsofthewriter

　　NOifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter

　　NOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

　　11PowercompanieshavegivenDielsenoughmoneytodevelophislaser.

　　12Obtainingmoneytoimprovethelaserswilldependontestsinrealstorms.

　　13WeatherforecastersareintenselyinterestedinDiels'ssystem.

READINGPASSAGE1

　　篇章结构

体裁说明文

主题用激光回击闪电

结构　　第1段：

闪电带来的危害

　　第2段：

科研人员正在研究回击闪电的方法

　　第3段：

先前的闪电回击术介绍

　　第4段：

火箭回击术的缺陷

　　第5段：

更安全的激光回击术

　　第6段：

激光回击术的技术原理

　　第7段：

激光回击术的缺陷

　　第8段：

通过实地实验改进激光回击术

　　第9段：

激光回击术对其他学科也有益处

　　第10段：

激光回击术的其他用途

　　解题地图

　　难度系数：

★★★

　　解题顺序：

按题目顺序解答即可

　　友情提示：

烤鸭们注意：

本文中的SUMMARY题目顺序有改变，解题要小心；MULTIPLECHOICE的第三题是个亮点，爱浮想联翩的烤鸭们可能会糊掉。

　　必背词汇

　　1.inflictv.造成

　　Thestrikesinflictedseriousdamageontheeconomy.罢工给经济造成了重大损失。

　　2.invitingadj.吸引人的

　　Thelogfirelookedwarmandinviting.篝火看上去温暖而诱人。

　　3.propertyn.财产；属性

　　Thehotelisnotresponsibleforanylossordamagetoguests’personalproperty.

　　酒店不承担宾客的任何个人财产的丢失或损坏。

　　aherbwithhealingproperties具有治疗效果的草药

　　physical/chemicalproperties物理特性/化学特性

　　4.fundv.资助，投资

　　Theprojectisjointlyfundedbyseverallocalcompanies.这个项目得到了当地几家公司的联合资助。

government-fundedresearch政府资助的研究

　　5.backv.支持，帮助

　　Theschemehasbeenbackedbyseveralmajorcompaniesintheregion.

　　这个项目得到了该地区几家大公司的支持。

　　SomesuspectedthattherebellionwasbackedandfinancedbytheUS.

　　有人怀疑这次叛乱是由美国主使并资助的。

　　6.dischargev.放电；排出

　　Bothformsarereadilygasifiedbyelectricaldischargewithoutleavinganytangibleresidue.

　　两种形态都易被放电气化而不剩任何可触察的残余。

　　7.emergev.出现，浮现

　　Thesunemergedfrombehindtheclouds.太阳从云朵中探出头来。

　　Eventuallythetruthemerged.真相最终浮出水面。

　　8.revealv.展现，显示；揭示，泄露

　　Hemaybeprosecutedforrevealingsecretsaboutthesecurityagency.

　　他可能会因为泄露国安局机密而遭检控。

　　Herevealedthathehadbeeninprisontwicebefore.他透露说他曾经坐过两次牢。

　　9.generatev.使产生

　　Theprogramwouldgeneratealotofnewjobs.这项计划会创造很多新职位。

　　Tourismgeneratesincomeforlocalcommunities.旅游业给当地社区带来了收入。

　　10.surgen.涌流：

猛增

　　asurgeofexcitement一阵兴奋

　　asurgeofrefugeesintothecountry涌入该国的难民潮

　　asurgeinfoodcosts食品价格猛涨

　　11.install