福克纳和《爱米丽的玫瑰》心理分析.docx

福克纳和《爱米丽的玫瑰》心理分析.docx

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福克纳和《爱米丽的玫瑰》心理分析

Acknowledgements

Firstandformost,pleaseallowmetotakethischancetoexpressmysinceregratitudetomysupervisor,ProfessorWuJianguo,whoseilluminatinglecturesandprofoundknowledgehavebroadenedmyoutlookonwesternliteratureandmadememoreresoluteinmypursuitafterliteraturestudy.

IshouldalsoextendmygratitudetoalltheprofessorsinthefacultyatShanghaiMaritimeU.whohavebeensokindandpatienttoimpartpreciousknowledgeandthoughtsduringmystudyandthecourseofmythesiswriting.

Whatismore,Iamalsogreatlyindebtedtoallthescholarsandauthorswhoseworkshavebeenconsultedorquotedinmypaper.

Ofcourse,Ishouldnotforgetmydearparentsandfriendswhohavegivenmepersistentsupportforsomanyyears.

摘要

福克纳被誉为美国20世纪最伟大的现代主义作家。

《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》作为他的短篇小说代表作以其深刻的思想性吸引着众多评论家的目光。

艾米丽的形象和悲剧根源，小说的主题以及独特的叙事技巧等是评论家探讨的焦点。

关于该小说的悲剧成因，研究者多从社会环境和阶级等外在因素进行探讨，而人物内在原因对悲剧的决定因素却鲜有人涉及。

以弗罗伊德为代表的文艺批评理论对探讨该短篇具有重要价值，若抛开心理分析理论，对于艾米丽各种行为的动因分析，或者对于作者的创作动因分析，都无法有效进行。

虽有评论者触及，然而尚停留于对人物的简要分析，缺乏对小说的系统、多角度探讨。

弗罗伊德作为公认的现代心理学理论奠基人，其影响早已超越了他所从事的领域。

他的人格分析理论及心理学术语几乎被应用于所有人文学科，包括文学批评领域。

他提出了人类思维的“拓扑模式”，包括了意识的三个结构：

前意识，意识和无意识。

随后基于意识结构理论，他又提出了人格的三重结构：

本我，自我，超我。

本我作用的能量基于“本能的需要”，这种需要促使本我为满足欲望而努力。

自我的任务是为本我代表外部世界，从而拯救本我。

超我奉行较高的行为标准，无视来自本我或外部世界的困难，而当这些标准未被奉行，自我则受到超我施加的惩罚，产生内疚感或自卑感。

弗罗伊德在研究文学创作动因上也颇有建树。

但他并未对艺术本身进行研究，而是着眼于探究艺术产生的根源。

他认为，文学想象力来自于幻想或白日梦，这两者的作用都是为了满足未实现的愿望。

每个幻想在心理上的作用都是出于为了实现自身愿望或对不尽人意的现状的纠正。

本篇论文运用弗洛伊德的精神分析和人格结构理论对艾米丽悲剧形成的深度原因进行多角度探讨，从心理学上为艾米丽的荒谬人生及悲剧结局找到合理阐释。

另外，结合弗氏创作理论，对福克纳的创作动因进行分析，解释作者之所以取得伟大艺术成就的心理条件。

论文的基本结构为：

第一章，首先对作者及其主要成就进行简要介绍；之后是对《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》的简要介绍，包括故事介绍、写作技巧和目前为止的研究成果；第二章是弗罗伊德及其心理分析理论、文艺创作理论的总体介绍；第三章将弗罗伊德的心理分析和人格结构理论用于具体分析该小说内容；第四章应用弗氏创作理论对福克纳的创作动因进行分析；最后是对本篇论文研究结果的总结性陈述。

弗罗伊德的心理分析和人格结构理论的应用，更深入地解释了小说中人物的悲剧根源。

在读者眼中行为怪异的爱米丽，经弗氏理论的分析，其一系列怪诞、荒谬行为有了更合理的解释。

研究发现，该小说的悲剧根源在于女主人公本我、自我和超我之间存在着不可调和的矛盾，在这些矛盾中痛苦挣扎导致女主人公产生变态的心理和行为，从而导致悲剧的结局。

此外，弗氏理论还为作家福克纳的创作动因找到了科学的解释。

按照弗氏理论，该短篇是福克纳一系列自我愿望的表达和申诉。

关键词：

心理分析；本我；自我；超我

ABSTRACT

WilliamFaulknerisacclaimedasthegreatestAmericanwriterinthe20thcentury，andhismostfamousshortstory“ARoseforEmily”hasengagedalotofattentionfromliterarycriticsandhasgotvariousinterpretationsfromthem.SofartheresearchonthisstorymainlyfocusesontheimageofEmily,thetheme,thenarratingtechniquesanditstragicroot.SofarcriticsmostlydiscussthetragicrootwiththeapproachofexploringEmily’soutsidefactorssuchasthesocialsurroundingsandsocialclassshebelongsto;whileveryfewcriticsregardtheinnermostfactorsasdecisivetothetragedy.ThepsychoanalyticalcriticismrepresentedbyFreudconcerningliteratureisveryvaluableintheresearchofthisstorywithoutwhichtheanalysisofEmilyorthecreativemotivationhiddenbehindthelinescannotbecarriedoutsufficiently.Thoughafewcriticshavestretchedouttoit,theanalysessofarmadearenotinasystemic,multi-levelway.

Freud,therecognizedfounderofmodernpsychoanalysis,hasmadehisinfluencefarbeyondhisownfield.Histheoryoftheworkingsofhumanbeingsanditsdescriptiveterminologyfindapplicationinalmostallbranchesofhumanitiesandsocialsciences.Heproposedthe“topographicalmodel”ofthemindinvolvingthreestructuresoftheconsciousexperience,namely,preconscious,consciousandunconscious.Laterheproposedthreestructuresofpersonality:

id,ego,andsuperego,whichisbasedontheabovestructureofconsciousness.Theenergyfortheoperationofidcomesfrom“instinctualneeds”,whichurgeidtostriveforthesatisfactionofdesire.Theegohastakenoverthetaskofrepresentingtheexternalworldfortheid,andsoofsavingit.Thesuperegoholdsupcertainnormsofbehavior,withoutregardtoanydifficultiescomingfromtheidandtheexternalworld;andifthesenormsarenotactedupto,itpunishedtheegowiththefeelingoftensionwhichmanifeststhemselvesassenseofinferiorityandguilt.

Freudhasalsomadeaneffortontheinvestigationonwriter’sliterarycreation.Insteadoflookingdirectlyintoartistry,hechoosestoinvestigateitssource.Heholdstheopinionthatliteraryimaginationcomesfromfantasyordaydream,whichisthefulfillmentofunsatisfiedwishes.Andeverysinglefantasyisthefulfillmentofawish,acorrectionofunsatisfyingreality.

ThisthesisattemptstomakearesearchwithFreud’stheoryinamulti-levelviewofpointandfindoutamorerationalexplicationforEmily’sabsurdlifeandtragicresult.Besides,basedonFreud’stheoryartisticcreation,thisthesisalsomakesananalysisonthemotivationwhenFaulknerwrotethisstory,hencefindsoutthepsychologicalconditiononwhichFaulknerobtainshisgreatachievements.Hereistheframeworkofthisthesis:

inthefirstchapter,first,thereisabriefintroductiontotheauthorFaulknerandhisachievements;then,itisanintroductionto“ARoseforEmily”,includingthesummary,thewritingtechniques,andtheresearchsofarhasbeenmadeonit;inthesecondchapter,itisanintroductiontoFreudandhispsychoanalysis;andinthethirdchapter,thisdissertationbeginstoanalyzethisstoryindetailthroughtheapproachofFreud’spsychoanalyticaltheory;inthefourthchapter,Freud’stheoryisusedtoexplorethemotivationwhenFaulknermadehiscreation.Thelastisaconclusionofthedissertationinwhichthereisasummaryabouttheresultoftheresearch.

WiththeapproachofFreud’spsychoanalysisandconsciousconstructiontheory,thetragicofthestoryisdecipheredtoadeeperandmoreextensivedegree.AllkindsoftheabsurdandgrotesquebehaviorsofEmilyalsogetamorerationalinterpretation.Theresearchofthisthesisfindsoutthat,thetragedyofEmilyresultsfromthestrugglebetweenherid,egoandsuperegowhichleadstoherabnormalpsychologyandbehaviors.AddtothisisFaulkner’screationmotivationfromwhichhewrotethisstory.AccordingtoFreudiantheory,thisshortstoryisthereflectionofFaulkner’segoisticdesiresandwishes.

KEYWORDS:

psychoanalysis;id;ego;superego

Contents

Acknowledgements…………………………………….………………………………i

摘要……………………………………………………………………………….…ii

ABSTRACT………………………………………………….….…………………….iv

Chapter1Introduction………………….………….…………..………….…..1

1.1AnintroductiontoWilliamFaulknerandHisAchievements………….………..1

1.2Faulkner’sAchievementsinStoryWriting…………...………………...…………3

1.3AnIntroductiontoARoseforEmily.........................................................................3

1.4Faulkner’sWritingTechniquesDisplayedintheStory…….…………...………..6

1.5AnOverviewofCriticismonARoseforEmily………………...…...…………….7

1.6TheAimsofthisThesis………….……………..……..………….…..……………10

1.7TheOrganizationoftheThesis………………..…..……………………………..11

Chapter2FreudianTheoryanditsSignificanceinLiteraryCritics.……………………………………………………………..………………12

2.1OriginandDevelopmentofFreudianCriticism…………………..……………..12

2.1.1Psychoanalysis………………………………..……………………...….……12

2.1.2Id,Ego,Superego………………………………….………………………..….13

2.1.3OedipusComplex………………………………………………………………15

2.2TheApplicationofFreudianTheorytoLiteraryCriticism…………….....16

2.2.1FreudiantheoryonCreativeWritersandDaydreaming……….….………..16

2.2.2FreudianTheoryAppliedinLiterature…………………………………………18

2.2.3FreudianPsychoanalysisasatoolforLiteraryCriticism……………………..19

Chapter3AnalysisonARoseforEmilybyFreudism…………………….21

3.1AnalysisonthePsychologyoftheCharactersintheStory……………………..21

3.1.1AnalysisonEmily’sPersonality……………………………………………….21

3.1.2DeathandLove——theInstinctfromEmily’sId…………….………………..24

3.1.3TheMurder——AStrugglebetweenSuperegoandId…………...……………26

3.1.4Emily’sOedipusComplex……………………….……………………………..27

3.1.5TheEconomicStruggle——AStrugglebetweenSuperegoandEgo……….…29

3.1.6TheChina-paintingClass—ARealizationofEgoisticValue…………………..31

3.2.AnalysisontheOldGrierson………………………………………………....…31

3.2.1ASelfishFather…………………………………………………………..…….31

3.2.2Grierson’sOedipusComplex.…………………………………………...……..33

3.3TheTownspeople:

StrugglingbetweenEgoandSuperego……..……….…….33

Chapter4AnalysisontheAuthor’sWritingMotivation………..…………..37

4.1Historical&CulturalConditionintheSouthanditsInfluenceonFaulkner....37

4.1.1TheIdentificationasaSoutherner……………………………………….……..38

4.1.2FaulknerasaForerunnerintheSouthernRenaissance……………………...…38

4.2TheArtisticCreationoutofUnfulfilledWishes………………………….….…..39

4.2.1TheSignificanceofTerritorytoFaulkner…………………………………….40

4.2.2Faulkner’sEgoRepresentedbyhisHeroine……………………..….……...….41

4.2.3AnotherWish:

LamentingovertheRuinedNature…………………...……….42

Chapter5Conclusion……………………………..…………….....…………...….48

Bibliography……………………………………...………………………….……….52

AnAnalysisonWilliamFaulkner’s“ARoseforEmily”fromFreudianTheory

ChapterOneIntroduction

1.1AnIntroductiontoWilliamFaulknerandHisAchievements

WilliamFaulkner（1897-1962）isoneofthemostinfluentialwritersintheSouthofUSA.HewontheNobelPricein1949forLiteraturefor“hispowerfulandartisticallyuniquecontributiontothemodernAmericannovel.”GrowingupandstronglyinfluencedbythestateMississippi,andalsobythehistoryandcultureoftheSouth,Faulknersetmostofthestoriesofhisworksinhishometownandwonaperpetualfamethroughhiscreativenovels,novellasandshortstories.Thoughfamousasanovelist,healsodevotedgreatefforttowritingpoemsandscreenplays.SoinfluentialarehisworksthathisnameisputtogetherwithMarkTwain,RobertPennWarren,FlanneryO’Connor,EudoraWeltyandTennesseeWilliams.However,beforehewasawardedthe1949NobelPrize,hisnamewasrelativelyunknownwhilenowheisre