考研英语二真题及答案.docx

考研英语二真题及答案.docx

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考研英语二真题及答案

2019考研英语二真题及答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B，CorDontheANSWERSHET（10points）

Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificant

weightfluctuations1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmore

thatit2.

Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmatoshiftmyfocusfrombeing

generallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadto

myoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinking

onlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.That

conflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.

Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthe

hardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoa

monthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtraining

program.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.

Forthese9Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthly

weighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantforme

tollmyweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand

12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytraining

program.

Iusemybimonthlyweight-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionas

well.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15anddropping

weight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.

The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverall

health,fitnessandwell-being.I’mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceI

nolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreater

successinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals.19I’mtrainingaccordingtothose

goals,notthenumbersonascale.

Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoukook,feel,how

youclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.

1.A.Therefore

B.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides

2.A.caresB.warnsC.reducesD.helps

3.AsolelyB.occasionallyC.formallyD.initially4.AloweringB.explainingC.acceptingD.recording

5.A.setB.reviewC.reachD.modify

6.A.depictionB.distributionC.predictionD.definition

7.A.regardlessofB.asidefromC.alongwithD.dueto

8.A.rigidB.preciseC.immediateD.orderly

9.A.judgmentsB.reasonsC.methodsD.claims

10.A.thoughB.againC.indeedD.instead

11.A.trackB.overlookC.concealD.report

12.A.approveofB.holdontoC.accountforD.dependon

13.A.shareB.adjustC.confirmDprepare

14.A.featuresB.rulesC.testsDresults

15.AanxiousB.hungryC.sickD.bored

16.A.secretBbeliefC.signD.principle

17.A.necessityB.decisionC.wishD.request

18.A.surprisingB.restrictingC.consumingD.disappointing

19.A.becauseB.unlessC.untilD.if

20.A.dominating

B.puzzlingC.triumphingD.obsessing

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartADirections

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextby

choosingA,B，CorD.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET（40points）

Text1

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesa

littlelater,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.

Childrenaren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends-andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhy

researchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagood

thing.

Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply

uncomfortable-it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.

Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated."Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinking

aboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychology

researcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalarger

recognitionthatemotionsaren'tbinary-feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinone

contextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhave

evolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.

Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,can

encouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,

canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychology

professorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforan

emotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguilt

andsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharingSomekids

whoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,

whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:

Highsympathycansubstitute

forlowguilt.

Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244childrenUsingcaregiver

assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverall

sympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoral

transgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachanceto

sharedthemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchthey

sharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneones

sharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictothe

otherchild'sdeprivation

"That'sgoodnews,"Maltisays."Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharm

andwefeelregret.”

21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp____

A）fosterachild'smoraldevelopment

B）regulateachild'sbasicemotions

C）improveachild’sintellectualability

D）intensityachild'spositivefeelings22.Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe____

A）inexcusable

B）deception

C）addictive

D）burdensome

23.Vaishholdthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat

A）emotionsaircontext-independent

B）anemotioncanplayopposingroles

C）emotionaresociallyconstructive

D）emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing

·

A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveaets

25.Theword"transgressions"（Line4,Para.5）isclosestinmeaningto___

A.Teachings

B,discussions

C.Restrictions

D.D.wrongdoings

Text2

Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainst

climatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimate

changewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbon

thantheyabsorb.

Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap.butitinvolvesstrikingasubtle

balance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemay

requirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow,Californiaisleadingtheway,as

itdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoung

treesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carrying

capacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,so

theygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.

Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedless

easilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.

Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,drought

andinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016

alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,00by

2030-financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions,That's

onlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresin

all,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.

Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromthe

forestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthat

wouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsis

alreadyunderway.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionally

they'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Only

recentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.

Califormia'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,should

serveasamodel.

26.Bysaying"oneoftheharderchallenges,"theauthorimpliesthat_

A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise

D.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat

27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbonsinks,"wemayneedto_A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem

B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees

C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants

D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

28.California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto

A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees

B.reducethedensityofsome