高考英语的阅读理解专项训练及解析.docx

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高考英语的阅读理解专项训练及解析.docx

高考英语的阅读理解专项训练及解析

2021年高考英语的阅读理解专项训练及解析

一、高考英语阅读理解专项训练

1.阅读理解

   AfewyearsbackIworkedinauniversitybuildingthatalsohousedadepartmentfullofpsychologists,allofwhomseemedtoseeusasperfectguineapigs(豚鼠)fortheirlatesttheories.Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask"Why?

"beforegrabbingtheapplepie.

   Sooneday,whensomeonefromthePsychologyDepartmentpostedinstructionsinthebathroompersuadingallofusto"Thinkaboutfivethingsforwhichyou'regratefuleverydayforaweek!

"myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.

   IwanderedintotheofficeofHeidiZetzer,thedirectorofourschool'sPsychologicalServicesClinic."What'swiththegratitudething?

"Iasked.Youdon'taskanacademicquestion-evenasimpleoneunlessyou'repreparedforalonganswer.Heidicamealive,andIsatdown.That'swhenIfirstheardtheterm"positivepsychology".Thegratitudething,asIhadcalledit,wasbutonesmallandsimpleelementofthepractice."Kindofliketrainingthebraintofocusonjoy,"myfriendHeidiexplained."It'sonlyaweek,"sheurged."Tryit."Idid.Andguesswhat?

Itworked.

   Everydayforaweek,IfoundfivedistinctthingsforwhichIwasthankful.Theyhadtobedifferenteveryday.Icouldn'tgetawaywithjustbeinggratefulformywonderfulhusband.ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.

   Lifewillneverbeperfect.Istillseenewstoriesthatannoyme.Thetrafficinmycityismaddening.IwishIcouldspeedupmyrecovery.Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:

acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.

   Andallittookwasalittlegratitude.

(1)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardthestudentwithdesserts?

A. Cautious.                      

B. Respectful.                      

C. Indifferent.                      

D. Supportive.

(2)Whywastheauthordoubtfulabouttheinstructions?

A. Becauseshethoughtitwasn'tworththeeffort.

B. Becauseshedidn'tlikeexpressingthanksoften.

C. Becausesheneededtoaskherfriendtodoitfirst.

D. Becauseshecoulddofivethingseverydayeasily.

(3)WhatdoesCollieConoleysuggesttheauthorshoulddo?

A. Begratefultoherwonderfulhusband.          

B. Bethankfulforthingsbutnotpeople.

C. Beagreatcookandputherfamilyfirst.        

D. Bespecificaboutwhatshe'sthankfulfor.

(4)What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A. Don'tBeBotheredbySmallThings                

B. WeCanChangeEverythingIfWeWant

C. PracticingGratitudeChangedMyLife           

D. BeingGratefultoOneGoodPerson

【答案】

(1)A

(2)A

(3)D

(4)C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,在一个星期的时间里,作者坚持每天都能发现五件她特别感激的事情,而且每天都有所不同。

生活永远不会完美。

但通过这么一个简单的练习,作者重新发现了那句老话的平和:

接受我不能改变的事情,毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的,并且足够明智地知道两者的区别。

这只需要一点感激之情。

(1)考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask‘Why?

’beforegrabbingtheapplepie.”如果一个心急的研究生拿着甜点出现在我的办公室,让我挑选一种,在抓苹果派之前,我会仔细地看一眼,然后问“为什么?

”可知,作者在抓苹果派之前,会仔细地看一眼,然后问“为什么?

”。

可知,作者对带甜点的学生持有谨慎的态度。

故选A。

(2)考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.”我的反应坦率地说是怀疑的。

我算了算。

连续7天每天做5件事,甚至连吃苹果派的承诺都没有,那就太费脑力了。

可推知,作者认为对“连续7天每天做5件事”的要求充满怀疑,认为太费脑力、不值得去做。

故选A。

(3)考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.”但是另一位积极心理学家柯利·康诺利建议道,我可以每天对一个人的某些方面表达我的感激之情。

他是个很棒的厨师。

他总是把我们的家庭放在第一位。

可知,柯利·康诺利建议作者每天对一个人的某些方面表达感激之情。

由此可知,柯利·康诺利建议作者具体说明她感激什么。

故选D。

(4)考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:

acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.”但通过一个简单的练习,我重新发现了那句老话的平和:

接受我不能改变的事情,毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的,并且足够明智地知道两者的区别)可知,练习表达感激,改变了作者的观念和生活。

由此可知选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇人生感悟类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。

并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。

2.阅读理解

   FaceApphastakentheworldbystorm,givingusersthechancetoseethemselvesagethroughitsalgorithm.12.7millionpeople—somethreemillionmorethanthepopulationofNewYorkCity—reportedlydownloadeditinoneseven-dayperiodlastmonth.

   AlthoughtheRussianapphasbecomeknownforitsprivacyissues,themoreinterestinglessonofourFaceAppfling(尽情玩乐)iswhatittellsusaboutoursociety—andourfuturelives.Itturnsoutwearemoreinterestedinagingthanwerealized.I'msurprisedbythis.Mostyoungerpeopleareindenial(否认)aboutoldage,doingalmostnothingtoprepareforit.Werarelyhaveachancetoplanforthefuture,withincreasingtimeandfinancialpressures.Thosepressuresbringsacrificesthatwemaynotalwayswanttomake:

wecannolongeraffordtospendthetimeorthemoneyneededtolookafterourelderlyparents.

   Asafamilydoctor,Icanseethelonelinessepidemicdeveloping.Elderlypatientscometoseemewithnoparticularillness,noclearmedicalissue.Afterafewminutesoftheconsultation,Iunderstandwhy:

they'renotsick,andoftentheydon'tfeelsick.Theyjustneedsomeone—anyone-totalkto.

   Althoughlonelinesshasnomedicalclassification,thehealtheffectsarereal:

theresultoflonelinessandisolationcanbeasharmfultoourhealthassmoking15cigarettesaday,andismoredamagingthanobesity.Butlonelinessdoesnotcomewithnearlyenoughhealthwarnings.

   Sowhatnext?

Since1980,wearelivingonaverage10yearslonger.Atthesametime,peoplearehavingfewerandfewerchildren,andtheyarehavingthemmuchlaterinlife.Thesnakeofaworldclasshealthserviceiseatingitsowntail;itscareisprolonging(延长)people'slives,butastheratioofpensioners(退休人员)toworking-agepeopleincreases,therearefewertaxpayerstofundthatveryhealthservice.

   IntothisvoidhavesteppedNGOs,charitiesandvolunteers.Butinthelongterm,theonlywaytotrulyhelptheoldestmetersofoursocietyistogobacktothetraditionalvaluesofintergenerational(两代间的)cooperation—oftenundersameroof.Ultimately,wewillneedtoevolvetowardsaculturewhereelderlycareistreatedthesameaschildcare,whereemployersrecognizethedutyofsomeonewithanelderlyparentthesamewaytheyrecognizethoseofsomeonewithanewbornchild.

(1)TheexampleofFaceAppisusedto_____.

A. provethepopularityofit                                

B. explainthefunctionofit

C. showtheprogressoftechnology                   

D. introducethetopicofagingandloneliness

(2)Whatmakeselderlypeoplewithoutillnessgotoseetheirfamilydoctors?

A. Desiretohavetheconsultation.                     

B. Strongfeelingofloneliness.

C. Unclearmedicalissues.                                    

D. Questionstoaskdoctors.

(3)Howcantheoldestmembersbetrulyhelped?

A. Bybeingtreatedaschildren.      

B. Bygoingbacktothetraditionalsociety.

C. Byprovidingfamilycare.             D. Bylivingwithotherelderlypeopleunderthesameroof.

(4)Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A. Thelonelinessofelderlypeopleneedsmoreattention.

B. FaceApp'spopularityprovesithasnosecurityproblems.

C. Healthservicelacksfundbecauseofprolongedpeopledlives.

D. FaceAppishelpfulindealingwithelderlypeopledloneliness.

【答案】

(1)D

(2)B

(3)C

(4)A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者由FaceApp话题谈到当今的社会现象——老人感到孤独,他们需要关注。

作者认为孤独虽不是病,但它能影响人的健康,所以他呼吁人们像关注新生儿那样关注老人。

(1)考查推理判断。

根据第一段"FaceApphastakentheworldbystorm,givingusersthechancetoseethemselvesagethroughitsalgorithm.12.7millionpeople—somethreemillionmorethanthepopulationofNewYorkCity—reportedlydownloadeditinoneseven-dayperiodlastmonth.“;第二段中的”...themoreinterestinglessonofourFaceAppfling(尽情玩乐)iswhatittellsusaboutoursociety—andourfuturelives.Itturnsoutwearemoreinterestedinagingthanwerealized.“可知,FaceApp已经风靡全球,用户有机会通过它的算法看到自己的年龄。

据报道,在上个月的七天时间里,有1270万人下载了这本书,比纽约市的人口多了300万。

它告诉了我们关于我们的社会和我们未来的生活。

事实证明,我们对衰老的兴趣比我们意识到的更大。

作为一名家庭医生,我可以看到孤独感的蔓延。

所以FaceApp主要的功能是通过它的算法使用户看到自己的年龄,接着讲述老人所面临的问题—孤独和衰老。

故判断出FaceApp的例子是用来介绍衰老和孤独的话题。

故选D。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的”Asafamilydoctor,Icanseethelonelinessepidemicdeveloping.Elderlypatientscometoseemewithnoparticularillness,noclearmedicalissue.“可知老人经常去看家庭医生是因为孤独,他们没有生病,只想找人聊聊。

故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的”Butinthelongterm,theonlywaytotrulyhelptheoldestmembersofoursocietyistogobacktothetraditionalvaluesofintergenerational(两代间的)cooperation—oftenundersameroof.Ultimately,wewillneedtoevolvetowardsaculturewhereelderlycareistreatedthesameaschildcare“,可知从长期来看我们帮助老年成员的方法是和他们一起居住,并且给予他们婴儿般的关爱。

故选C。

(4)考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的”Butlonelinessdoesnotcomewithnearlyenoughhealthwarnings.“可知老人孤独并没有带来足够的健康警示,故推断人们孤独的老人应该得到更多的关注,选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。

3.阅读理解

   AstorypostedbyTheNewYorkPostMondaytellsthetaleofKatrinaHolte,aHillsborowomanwhoquitherjobtocosplaya1950shousewife.

   LetmestartbyexpressingadmirationtoHolteforusingher2019freedomstofollowher1950sdreams.Everyoneshouldbesoluckyastogettodecidewhattheywearandhowtheyspendtheirtime.That'st

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