高英.docx
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高英
Unit1
1.Anditisanactivityonlyofhumans.
Andconversationisanactivitywhichisfoundonlyamonghumanbeings．
2.Conversationisnotformakingapoint.
Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptourideaorpointofview．
3.Infact,thebestconversationalistsarethosewhoarepreparedtolose.
Infactapersonwhoreallyenjoysandisskilledatconversationwillnotarguetowinorforceotherstoaccepthispointofview．
4.Barfriendsarenotdeeplyinvolvedineachother'slives.
Peoplewhomeeteachotherforadrinkinthebarofapubarenotintimatefriendsfortheyarenotdeeplyabsorbedorengrossedineachother’slives．
5.itcouldstillgoignorantlyon.
Theconversationcouldgoonwithoutanybodyknowingwhowasrightorwrong．
6.Theyarecattleinthefields,butwesitdowntobeef（boeuf）.
Theseanimalsarecalledcattlewhentheyarealiveandfeedinginthefields；butwhenwesitdownatthetabletoeat．wecalltheirmeatbeef．
7.ThenewrulingclasshadbuiltaculturalbarrieragainsthimbybuildingtheirFrenchagainsthisownlanguage.
ThenewrulingclassbyusingFrenchinsteadofEnglishmadeitdifficultfortheEnglishtoacceptorabsorbthecultureofthe、rulers．
8.Englishhadcomeroyallyintoitsown.
TheEnglishlanguagereceivedproperrecognitionandwasusedbytheKingoncemore．
9.Thephrasehasalwaysbeenusedalittlepejorativelyandevenfacetiouslybythelowerclasses.
Thephrase，theKing’sEnglish，hasalwaysbeenuseddisrespectfullyandjokinglybythelowerclasses．Theworkingpeopleveryoftenmakefunoftheproperandformallanguageoftheeducatedpeople．
10.Therebellionagainstaculturaldominanceisstillthere.
Therestillexistsintheworkingpeople，asintheearlySaxonpeasants，aspiritofoppositiontotheculturalauthorityoftherulingclass．
11.Thereisalwaysagreatdanger,asCarlyleputit,that"wordswillhardenintothingsforus."
Thereisalwaysagreatdangerthatwemightforgetthatwordsareonlysymbolsandtakethemforthingstheyaresupposedtorepresent．Forexample，theword“dog”isasymbolrepresentingakindofanimal．Wemustn’tregardtheword“dog”asbeingtheanimalitself．
翻译
1.Howeverintricatethewaysinwhichanimalscommunicatewitheachother,theydonotindulgeinanythingthatdeservesthenameofconversation.
动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的
2.Argumentmayoftenbeapartofit,butthepurposeoftheargumentisnottoconvince.Thereisnowinninginconversation.
闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。
闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。
3.Perhapsitisbecauseofmyup-bringinginEnglishpubsthatIthinkbarconversationhasacharmofitsown.
或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。
4.Idonotrememberwhatmadeoneofourcompanionssayit--sheclearlyhadnotcomeintothebartosayit,itwasnotsomethingthatwaspressingonhermind--butherremarkfellquitenaturallyintothetalk.
我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。
5.Thereisalwaysresistanceinthelowerclassestoanyattemptbyanupperclasstolaydownrulesfor"Englishasitshouldbespoken."
每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。
6.Wordsarenotthemselvesareality,butonlyrepresentationsofit,andtheKing'sEnglish,liketheAnglo-FrenchoftheNormans,isaclassrepresentationofreality.
词语本身并不是现实，它不过是用以表达现实的一种形式而已。
标准英语就像诺曼底人的盎格鲁法语一样，也是一个阶级用来表达现实的一种形式。
7.Perhapsitisworthtryingtospeakit,butitshouldnotbelaiddownasanedict,andmadeimmunetochangefrombelow.
让人们学着去讲也许不错，但既不应当把它作为法令，也不应当使它完全不接受来自下层的改变。
8.Thereisnoworseconversationalistthantheonewhopunctuateshiswordsashespeaksasifhewerewriting,orevenwhotriestousewordsasifhewerecomposingapieceofproseforprint.
要是有谁闲聊时也像做文章一样句逗分明，或者像写一篇要发表的散文一样咬文嚼字的话，那他讲起话来就一定会极为倒人胃口。
9.WhenE.M.Forsterwritesof"thesinistercorridorofourage,"wesitupatthevividnessofthephrase,theforceandeventerrorintheimage.
看到E?
M?
福斯特笔下写出“当今这个时代的阴森可怖的长廊”时，其用语之生动及由其所产生的生动有力、甚至可怖的形象令我们拍案叫绝。
10.Therewouldhavebeennoconversationtheothereveningifwehadbeenabletosettleatonethemeaningof"theKing'sEnglish."
那天晚上，如果我们当场弄清了“标准英语”的意义，也就不可能再有那一场交谈论辩，
Unit2
1.Theburying-groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelictbuilding-lot.Theburing-groundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullofmoundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup.
2.Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact.
Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals（bynottreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesashumanbeings）.
3.Theyriseoutoftheearth，theysweatandstarveforafewyears,andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyard
Theyareborn.Thenforafewyearstheywork,toilandstarve.Finallytheydieandareburiedingraveswithoutaname.
4.Acarpentersitscrossleggedataprehistoriclathe,turningchairlegsatlightningspeed.
Sittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryold-fashionedlathe,acarpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechair-legsheismaking.
5.Instantly,fromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews,
Immediatelyfromtheirdarkhole-likecellseverywhereagreatnumberofJewsrushedoutwildlyexcited.
6.everyoneofthemlooksonacigaretteasamoreorlessimpossibleluxury
EveryoneofthesepoorJewslookedonthecigaretteasapieceofluxurywhichtheycouldnotpossiblyafford
7.Still,awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous.
However,awhite-skinnedEuropeanisalwaysquitenoticeable.
8.Inatropicallandscapeone'seyetakesineverythingexceptthehumanbeings.
Ifyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregion,youseeeverythingbutthehumanbeings.
9.NoonewouldthinkofrunningcheaptripstotheDistressedAreas.
Noonewouldthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthepoorslumareas（forthesetrips42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ.wouldnotbeinteresting）．
10.fornine-tenthsofthepeopletherealityoflifeisanendlessback-breakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil.
lifeisveryhardforninetypercentofthepeople．Withhardbackbreakingtoiltheycanproducealittlefoodonthepoorsoil．
11.Sheaccept-edherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosayasabeastofburden.
Shetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthecommunity，that。
shewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal
12.Peoplewithbrownskinsarenextdoortoinvisible.
Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisible．
13.Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach-me-downkhakiuniforms,
TheSenegalessoldierswerewearingready—madekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautifulwell—builtbodies．
14.Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection?
"
Howmuchlongerbeforetheyturntheirgunsaroundandattackus?
。
15.Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughtstowedsomewhereorotherinhismind.
Everywhiteman，theonlookers，theofficersontheirhorsesandthewhiteN．C．Os．marchingwiththeblacksoldiers，hadthisthoughthiddensomewhereorotherinhismind．
翻译
1.Whenyouwalkthroughatownlikethis--twohundredthousandinhabitantsofwhomatleasttwentythousandownliterallynothingexcepttheragstheystandupin--whenyouseehowthepeoplelive,andstillmorehoweasilytheydie,itisalwaysdifficulttobelievethatyouare walkingamonghumanbeings.
当你徒步走过这样的城镇-----在20万当地居民中，至少有2万人除了罩在身上的破布以外，其他的一无所有------当你看到这些人如何生存，又如何轻易地死去时，你永远难以想相信自己是在人类中穿行。
2.WhenyougothroughtheJewishQuartersyougathersomeideaofwhatthemedievalghettoeswereprobablylike.
当你经过犹太人居住区时，你可能就会了解中世纪的犹太人区大概是个什么样子的。
3.Manyofthestreetsareagooddeallessthansixfeetwide,thehousesarecompletelywindowless,andsore-eyedchildrenclustereverywhereinunbelievablenumbers,likecloudsofflies.
这的许多街道还不及六英尺宽，而房子则没有窗户，眼睛红肿的孩子们成群结队，像一群群的苍蝇，四处可见，多得令人难以置信。
4.Evenablindmansomewhereatthebackofoneoftheboothsheardarumourofcigarettesandcamecrawlingout,gropingintheairwithhishand.
甚至一位盲人在听到有人发烟的谣传后，也从后面的铺子爬了出来，手在空中胡乱的摸索着。
5.Ah,that'sonlyforshow!
They'reallmoneylendersreally.
啊，那只不过是装装样子，他们其实都是放贷的债主。
6.Injustthesameway,acoupleofhundredyearsago,pooroldwomenusedtobeburnedforwitchcraftwhentheycouldnotevenworkenoughmagictogetthemselvesasquaremeal.squaremeal
想想与这相同的一幕吧，好几百年前，常有些可怜的老妇人因为拥有巫术而被烧死，但她们甚至没办法利用自己的巫术让自己包餐一顿。
7.Ittakesinthedried-upsoil,thepricklypear,thepalmtreeandthedistantmountain,butitalwaysmissesthepeasanthoeingathispatch.
人们可以看到干巴巴的土地，仙人掌、棕榈树，还有远处连绵的群山，但往往遗漏了在地里耕作的农夫。
8.MostofMoroccoissodesolatethatnowildanimalbiggerthanaharecanliveonit.
摩洛哥的大部分土地都荒无人烟，能够在这里侥幸生存的野生动物没有比野兔更大的了。
9.Exceptforadayortwoaftertherarerainstormsthereisneverenoughwater.
除了罕见的暴风雨过后的一两天之外，其余的时间这里都缺水。
10.Itseemstobegenerallythecaseinprimitivecommunitiesthatthewomen,whentheygetbeyondacertainage,shrinktothesizeofchildren.
在原始社会里，妇女们到达一定的年龄后，身体通常会缩成孩子般大小。
Unit3
1.Andyetthesamerevolutionarybeliefforwhichourforebearsfoughtisstillatissuearoundtheglobe,
OurancestorsfoughtarevolutionarywartomaintainthatallmenwerecreatedequalandGodhadgiventhemcertainunalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercouldtakeawayfromthem.Buttodaythisissuehasnotyetbeendecidedinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.
2.Thismuchwepledge--andmore.
Thismuchwepromisetodoandwepromisetodomore.
3.United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofco-operativeventures.
Unitedandworkingtogetherwecanaccomplishalotofthingsinagreatnumbe
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