英语专四真题及参考答案.docx

英语专四真题及参考答案.docx

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英语专四真题及参考答案

2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案

PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE

Therearetwentysentencesinthissection。

BeneatheachsentencetherearefouroptionsmarkedA,B,CandD。

Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceoranswersthequestion。

MarkhouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

11。

TheBentPyramidoutsideCairo__________ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuildasmooth-sidedpyramid。

A。

hasbeenbelievedtohavebeen

B。

wasbelievedtobe

C。

isbelievedtohavebeen

D.isbelievedtobe

12.U.S。

News____________rankingsofcollegessince1983.Theyareaverypopularresourceforstudentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus。

A.maintains

B.ismaintaining

C。

maintained

D。

hasbeenmaintaining

13.Hewasluredintoacrimehewouldnot____________havecommitted。

A.actually

B.accidentally

C.otherwise

D.seldom

14.Shewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof_____________mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.

A.bluehazyVirginia

B。

hazyblueVirginia

C.Virginiahazyblue

D.Virginiabluehazy

15。

Ilongtoalleviate__________,butIcannot。

A。

theevil

B.evil

C。

evils

D.anevil

16.Indeed，itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askillingandmaiming______________.

A.war

B。

arewar

C。

ofwar

D。

areofwar

17。

At____________,photographyisachemicalprocess，duringwhichalight—sensitivematerialisalteredwhenexposedtolight.

A。

itsmostbasic

B.itsbasic

C。

themostbasic

D。

thebasic

18.Shehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhernamefromthedeed。

Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn”isused__________。

A.toexpressanintendedpurpose

B.toindicateahighdegreeofpossibility

C.torevealanundesirableconsequence

D。

todramatizeastatedfact

19。

WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning？

A。

Iwonderwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan。

B.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.

C.Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I’mgettingterriblybehind.

D.IsupposeI’mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway。

20。

Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmenselyproudofwhathasbeenachievedtheselast20years。

Theitalicizedpartinthesentenceexpresses_______。

A.ahypothesis

B。

asuggestion

C。

acontradiction

D。

asurprise

21.WhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto___________，theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution。

A。

justice

B。

testimony

C。

trial

D.verdict

22。

_________,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeenstronglycriticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen。

A。

Questionably

B。

Arguably

C.Contentiously

D.Debatably

23。

Priceshaverecentlyriseninorderto__________theincreasedcostofrawmaterials.

A。

cut

B.buoy

C.offer

D.offset

24.Thecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivinganyauthorizationtoanyonetoproceedwithadivorce.”

A.recommendation

B。

recording

C。

recollection

D。

recognition

25.Whatactually__________agoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedinwhatweconsiderbeautiful.

A。

consists

B.constitutes

C。

composes

D。

constructs

26。

Theschoolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram。

A。

final

B.further

C.supplementary

D。

extra

27.Theteachers'union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing“deplorable”schoolconditions.

A。

fired

B。

filed

C。

fined

D。

filled

28.LastMarchthe__________ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwaterarchaeologicalteam。

A。

debris

B.ruins

C。

remains

D。

wreck

29.She’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.

A.countless

B.countable

C.numerical

D。

numeral

30.Aleading___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysisofworldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners。

A。

oceangoing

B.oceanic

C.marine

D.maritime

PARTIVCLOZE

Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblank.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY。

MarktheletterforeachwordonANSWERSHEET.

A。

accompaniesB.automaticallyC。

coupleD.goesE.indebtedness

F.kindG。

mannerH.mercifullyI.oneJ.obey

K。

renownedL。

subscribeM.unknownN.virtueO.widespread

 AFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment。

HesentChristmascardstoasampleofperfectstrangers.Althoughheexpectedsomereaction,theresponsehereceivedwasamazing—holidaycardsaddressedtohimcamepouringbackfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnorheardofhim。

Thegreatmajorityofthosewhoreturnedacardneverinquiredintotheidentityoftheunknownprofessor。

Theyreceivedhisholidaygreetingcard,andtheyautomaticallysentoneinreturn。

Thisstudyshowstheactionofoneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearoundus—theruleforreciprocation.Therulesaysthatweshouldtrytorepay，inkind，whatanotherpersonhasprovidedus.Ifawomandoesusafavor,weshoulddoheroneinreturn;ifamansendsusabirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown；ifacoupleinvitesustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtooneofours。

Byvirtueofthereciprocityrule，then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentoffavors，gifts,invitations，andthelike。

Sotypicalisitforindebtednesstoaccompanythereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”hasbecomeasynonymfor“thankyou，”notonlyintheEnglishlanguagebutinothersaswell.

Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseofobligationthatgoeswithitisitspervasivenessinhumanculture.Itissowidespreadthatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercanreportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnotsubscribetotherule。

PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION

SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS

Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions。

Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD。

ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO。

PASSAGEONE

（1）TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties。

Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches，noblemenandaristocrats。

ThehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirstsettlershavehadaprofoundeffectontheshapingoftheAmericancharacter.Bylimitingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformalaristocracy,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual。

IndividualfreedomisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues.Byfreedom，Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefromthegovernment，arulingnobleclass，thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority。

（2）Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:

self-reliance.ItmeansthatAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet，achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21.

（3）AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnitedStatesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedinthegame。

BecausetitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution，noformalclasssystemdevelopedintheU。

S。

（4）Thereis,however，apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:

competition。

Ifmuchoflifeisseenasrace，thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetewithothers。

ThepressuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntilretirementfromwork.Infact，anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnotfitintothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo。

（5）AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStatesistohaveabetterlife。

Becauseofitsabundantnaturalresources，theUnitedStatesappearedtobea“landofplentywheremillionscouldcometoseektheirfortunes。

Thephrase“goingfromragstoriches"becameasloganfortheAmericandream。

Manypeopledidachievematerialsuccess.MaterialwealthbecameavaluetotheAmericanpeople,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.

（6）Americanspayaprice，however，fortheirmaterialwealth:

hardwork。

HardworkhasbeenbothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory.Insomeways，materialpossessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople'sabilities。

BarryGoldwater,acandidateforthepresidencyin1964，saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoorbecausetheydeservetobe.MostAmericanswouldfindthisaharshstatement，butmanymightthinktherewassometruthinit。

（7）ThesebasicvaluesdonottellthewholestoryoftheAmericancharacter。

Rather，theyshouldbethoughtofasthemes，aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacterandhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates。

41.Para.4seemstosuggestthat__________。

A。

Americansarebornwithasenseofcompetition

B。

thepressureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartswork

C。

successfulcompetitionisessentialinAmericansociety

D.competitionresultsinequalityofopportunities

42。

WhichofthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuseinexplainingAmericanvalues?

A