英语动词25种句型.docx
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英语动词25种句型
Verbpatterns
ForanyonewhoislearningtospeakorwritecorrectEnglish,themostimportantwordinasentenceistheverb.ForthisreasonthecompilersoftheDictionaryhavepaidparticularattentiontoverbpatterns.Theseshowthelearnerhowtouseverbstoformcorrectsentences.
ApersonlearningEnglishasaforeignlanguagemaybetemptedtoformsentencesbyanalogy.Forexample,hehearsorseessuchsentencesasPleasetellmethemeaningandPleaseshowmetheway(anindirectobjectfollowedbyadirectobject).Byanalogyheformstheincorrectsentence*Pleaseexplainmethemeaning(insteadofPleaseexplainthemeaningtome).HehearsorseessuchsentencesasIintendtocome,Iproposetocome,andIwanttocome,andbyanalogyheformstheincorrectsentencesas*Isuggesttocome(insteadofIsuggestthatIshouldcome).HehearsorseessuchsentencesasIaskedhimtocome,Itoldhimtocome,andIwantedhimtocome,andbyanalogyheformssuchincorrectsentencesas*Iproposedhimtocomeand*Isuggestedhimtocome(insteadofIproposed/suggestedthatheshouldcome).HenotesthatHebegantotalkaboutthemattermeansthesameasHebegantalkingaboutthematterandsupposes,wrongly,thatHestoppedtotalkaboutthemattermeansthesameasHestoppedtalkingaboutthematter.
Tohelpthelearnertoavoidsuchmistakes,thecompilersoftheDictionaryhaveprovidedasetoftablesinwhichvariousVerbPatternsaresetoutwithexamples.Eachpatternhasanumberedcode(forexample,[VP5],[VP6A],[VP21]),andthisprovidesalinkbetweenthetablesandtheverbentriesintheDictionary,becauseeveryverbentryhasitsowncode(orseveralcodesifthereareseveralmeanings).
Afewexampleswillshowhowthelearnercanreferfromthe[VP]codesinentriestothe[VP]tablesintheIntroduction.OneofthepatternsgivenintheDictionaryforcongratulateis[VP14],andthisverbisalsousedinoneoftheexamplesinthe[VP]tablefor[VP14]:
Wecongratulatedhimonhissuccess.Thepatternprovidedforthesecondmeaningofconsideris[VP6A].Ifthelearnerturnstothattablehewillfindseveralexamplesbasedonthatpattern,forexampleWeallenjoyedthefilm.Thiswillhelphimtoformacorrectsentencewithconsiderin[VP6A],forexampleHeconsideredtheproblem.
Sometimesextrainformationisgiveninanentrytohelpthelearnertolearntherightpattern.Forexample,intheentryforabsolve,hewillfindtheverb+preposition~(from),placedafterthecodes[VP6A,14].Thisshowsthattheverbcanbeusedasinabsolveamanfromavow.Intheentryforaccedetherearethecodes[VP2A,3A],followedby~(to),showingthattheverbmaybeusedasinaccedetoaproposal.
Itisimportanttonotethatthelearnerisnotexpectedtomemorizetheseverbpatterns.Theyareasimplereferencesystem,apracticaltooltoguidethelearnerwhowantstoformcorrectsentences.Theyareawayofhelpingthelearnerwhowillbenefitfromalistofthegrammaticalrulesthatunderliethedifferentsortsofexamplesentencesthataregivenintheentriesforverbs.
AfulltreatmentoftheseverbpatternsisfoundinGuidetoPatternsandUsageinEnglish,byA.S.Hornby(OxfordUniversityPress).
Note:
Theuseoftheasterisk*indicatesthatthephraseorsentenceisanexampleofincorrectusage.
[VP1]
Thispatternisfortheverbbe.Thesubjectcomplementmaybeanoun,apronoun,anadjective,anadjectivephrase(eg.aprepositionalgroup).Theremaybeanadverbialadjunctoraninfinitivephrase.
Subject+BE
subjectcomplement/adjunct
1.Thisis
2.Thissuitcaseis
3.Thechildrenare
4.Thisbookis
5.Thisis
abook.
mine.
asleep.
foryou.
whereIwork.
Therearevariationswithintroductorythere/it.
There/It+BE
subject
1.Therewas
2.Itwasimpossible
3.Itwasapity
alargecrowd.
togofurther.
theweatherwassobad.
[VP2]
A组:
Thispatternisforverbswhichmaybeusedwithoutacomplement.Suchverbsarecalledcompleteintransitiveverbs.Adjunctsarepossiblebutnotessential.
Subject
vi.
1.Weall
2.Themoon
3.Aperiodofpoliticalunrest
breathe,drinkandeat.
rose.
followed.
Therearevariationswithintroductorythere/it.
1.Therefollowed
2.Itdoesn’tmatter
alongperiodofpoliticalunrest.
whetherwestartnoworlater.
That-clausesarepossibleafterseem,appear,happen,chanceandfollow.
1.Itseemed
2.Itsochanced/happened
3.Itdoesn’tfollow
(that)thedaywouldneverend.
(that)wewereoutwhenshecalled.
(that)theyarehusbandandwife.
B组:
Verbsinthispatternareusedwithanadverbialadjunctofdistance,duration,weight,cost,etc.Formayoccurbeforeadverbialsofdistanceandduration.Anindirectobjectmayoccuraftercost,lastandtake(meaning‘require’).
Subject+vi.
(for)+adverbialadjunct
1.Wewalked
2.Themeetinglasted
3.Thebookcost(me)
4.Thisboxweighs
(for)fivemiles.
(for)twohours.
£1.20.
fivekilos.
C组:
Manyintransitiveverbsareusedwithanadverbialadjunct(includinganadverbialparticlealone,oranadverbialparticlefollowedbyapreposition).
Subject+vi.
adverbialadjunct
1.Go
2.Pleasecome
3.I’llsooncatch
4.It’sgetting
5.Itlooks
away!
in.
upwithyou.
onformidnight.
likerain/asifitweregoingtorain.
D组:
Verbsinthispatternarefollowedbyanadjective,anounor,inthecaseofareflexiveverb,apronoun.Inchoativeverbs(eg.become,come,get)andverbsofthesenses(eg.smell,taste,feel)areamongthemanyverbsusedinthispattern.
Subject+vi.
adjective/noun/pronoun
1.Herdreamshavecome
2.Thefirehasburnt
3.Shemarried
4.Hedied
5.Laterhebecame
6.You’renotlooking
true.
low.
young.
amillionaire.
anacrobat.
yourself.
E组:
Inthispatternthepredicativeadjunctisapresentparticiple.
Subject+vi.
presentparticiple
1.Shelay
2.Doyouliketogo
3.Thechildrencame
smilingatme.
dancing?
runningtomeetus.
[VP3]
A组:
Verbsinthispatternarefollowedbyaprepositionanditsobject(whichmaybeanoun,pronoun,gerund,phrase,orclause).Theverbandprepositionfunctionasaunit.
Subject+vi.
preposition+noun/pronoun
1.Youmayrely
2.CanIcount
3.Whathashappened
onthatman/hisdiscretion/hisbeingdiscreet.
onyourhelp?
tothem?
Aninfinitivephrasemayfollowthenoun/pronoun.
1.We’rewaiting
2.Irely
3.Shepleaded
forournewcartobedelivered.
onyoutobediscreet.
withthejudgetohavemercy.
B组:
Theprepositionisomittedbeforeathat-clause,thusproducingthesamewordorderasin[VP9](fortransitiveverbs).
Heinsistedonhisinnocence.
Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.
Cf.Hedeclaredthathewasinnocent.
[VP3A]
[VP3B]
[VP9]
Theprepositionmayberetainedifitsobjectisadependentquestion,orifapreceding‘preposition+it’constructionisused.
Subject+vi.
(preposition<+it>)
clause
1.Iagree
2.Youmustsee
3.Ihesitated
4.Haveyoudecided
5.Don’tworry
(toit)
(about)
(upon)
(about)
thatitwasamistake.
thatthissortofthingneveroccursagain.
whethertoacceptyouroffer.
whereyouwillgoforyourholidays?
howthemoneywaslost.
[VP4]
A组:
Inthispatterntheverbisfollowedbyato-infinitiveofpurpose,outcome,orresult.
Subject+vi.
to-infinitive
1.Westopped
2.Howdidyoucome
3.Willhelive
4.Someonehascalled
torest/tohavearest.
toknowher?
tobeninety?
toseeyou.
B组:
Theinfinitivemaybeequivalenttoaco-ordinateclause.
Subject+vi.
to-infinitive
1.Heawoke
2.Thegoodolddayshavegone
3.Electronicmusichasclearlycome
4.Helookedround
tofindthehouseonfire.
nevertoreturn.
tostay.
toseethedoorslowlyopening.
C组:
Theinfinitiveadjunctisusedaftersomeverbswhich,in[VP3A],areusedwithprepositions.
Don’ttrouble/botheraboutthat.
Don’ttrouble/bothertomeetme.
Subject+vi.
to-infinitive
1.Shehesitated
2.Shewaslonging
3.Heagreed
totellanyone.
toseeherfamilyagain.
tocomeatonce.
D组:
Theverbsseemandappearareusedinthispattern.Iftheinfinitiveisbewithanadjectiveornounascomplement,tobemaybeomitted(unlesstheadjectiveisonethatisusedonlypredicatively,asin[VP4E]).
Subject+SEEM/APPEAR
(tobe)+adjective/noun
1.Heseemed
2.Thisseems
3.Iseem
(tobe)surprisedatthenews.
(tobe)aseriousmatter.
(tobe)unabletoenjoymyself.
Thereisavariationofthispatternwithintroductoryit,whenthesubjectisaninfinitiveorgerund,oraclause.
It+SEEM/APPEAR
adjective/noun
subject
1.Itseemed
2.Itseems
3.Itdoesn’tseem
4.Itappears
reasonable
apity
muchuse
unlikely
totryagain.
towasteallthatfood.
goingon.
thatwe’llarriveontime.
E组:
Iftheadjectiveafterseem/appearisusedonlypredicatively(eg.awake,asleep,afraid),tobeisobligatory.Happenandchancearealsousedinthispattern.
Subject+SEEM/APPEAR/HAPPEN/CHANCE
to-infinitive
1.Thebabyseems
2.Myenquiriesseem
3.Shehappened
4.Wechanced
5.Thereseems
tobeasleep/tobesleeping.
tohavebeenresented.
tobeoutwhenIcalled.
tomeetinthepark.
tohavebeensomemistake.
F组:
Thefinitesofbeareusedwithato-infinitivetoconveyavarietyofmeanings,见be4(3)
Subject+BE
to-infinitive
1.We’re
2.AtwhattimeamI
3.HowamI
tobemarriedinMay.
tocome?
topaymydebts?
[VP5]
Inthispatterntheauxiliaryverbsoranomalousfiniteswill/would,shall/should,can/could,must,dare,needarefollowedbyabareinfinitive(ie.withoutto).Thephraseshadbetter,had/wouldratherandwouldsoonerfitintothispattern.
Subj