高三第一次考试英语.docx
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高三第一次考试英语
天水市一中2019级高三第一次考试
英语试题
(满分:
120分时间:
100分钟)
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Whosaysinventionsareonlymadebygrown-upsandprofessionals?
Overtheyears,childrenhavealsosucceededinmakingtheirusefulcontributionstotheworld.Hereareafewinventionsthatcametolifefromthemindsofyoungchildren.
HeroHelmet
Seven-year-oldSamul
Meyer'sinventionisaimedatstoppingpeoplefromridingtheirbikesorskateboardswithoutusingahelmet.TheHeroHelmetfeaturesaninbuiltremotethatcontrolsalockonthewheelswhichunlockswhentheHelmetisbeingwornbytherider.Samuelsays:
nohelmet,nobike.
RoboticEarthworm
Thefirstthoughtthatcomestomindis,whyaroboticearthworm?
Well,ten-year-oldDavidCohenhadsomeusefulapplicationsinmind.Hebelieveditcouldbeusedtofindvictimsafteraflood,earthquakeorfire.Therobotcouldgetintosmallanddangerousplaceswheresearchdogsandhumanscouldnotgo.
B.E.A.C.O.N.
Fifteen-year-oldHannahHerbst'sinvention,whichstandsforBringingElectricityAccesstoCountriesthroughOceanEnergy,wasinspiredbyherpenpalwholivesinEthiopiaanddidnothaveaccesstolights.SoshecameupwithB.E.A.C.O.N,whichabsorbsenergydirectlyfromoceanwaves.Herinventionwonthe“DiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallenge”in2015andothernumerousawards.
PortableWheelchairController
Atonlyeightyearsold,AmeliaFoxcreatedtheinventiontohelpliftpeopleinandoutoftheirwheelchair.Thisinventionwasnotjustbornoutofthedesiretocreatesomething.Ameliadevelopedthiscontrollerforherbrother,whohadjustgothipsurgeryandneededthewheelchairtomovearound.
1.Whoistheyoungestinventor?
A.SamuelMeyer.B.DavidCohen.
C.AmeliaFox.D.HannahHerbst.
2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasarescuetool?
A.HeroHelmetB.B.E.A.C.O.N.
C.RoboticEarthworm.D.PortableWheelchairController.
3.WhydidAmeliaFoxcreatetheinvention?
A.Togiveherbrotherassistance.B.Tobenefittheearthquakevictims.
C.Togenerateelectricityeffectively.D.Toprotectbikeridersfrominjuries.
B
WhenIfirstgotthebird,itmusthaveonlyjustbeenhatched.Itsmotherhaddisappeared,leavingitaloneandshiveringinthefaceofthenorthwind.Idecidedtotakeitstraightbackandbuilditanewhome.
Atthattime,wegrewagreatmanyflowersinourhouse.Nexttoonehangingorchid(兰花)Ihunganotheremptyflowerpotanditwasinthispotthatthebirdwastohaveitsnewhome.WhenDadgothome,heimmediatelydiscoveredthenewadditiontoourfamily.Withoutsayingaword,heturnedaroundandleftthehouse.Aftersometime,hereturnedandIsawthathehadahandfulofgrassandpineneedles.Obviously,DadthoughtthenestIhadmadewasfartooroughandsohehaddecidedtodecorateithimself.
“Abirdbornatthistimeofyearwon’tsurvivethewinter.”Inspiteofthispredictiononthebird’sfuture,Dadverycarefullyfashionedthenesthimself.SoonIfound“NuoNuo”(Dadhadnamedhim)hadstartedtogrowfeathers.Theylookedlikesuchfinelittlehairsthatyoucouldonlynoticethemifyoulookedreallyclosely.IonlydiscoveredthembecauseeverydayIwouldcuphiminmyhandsandlookathim.
Dadprobablyrealizedthathehadbeenalittlecruelinhisprediction.Yousee,hehadalreadystartedtrainingNuoNuotowalk.Asyouknow,NuoNuolivedinaflowerpot,notacageoranything.Whenhehadnothingelsetodo,hewalkedaroundhislittlehome.Thereweretimeswhenhewasabitnaughtytooandhejumpeddownontoourdiningtable.
ItwasobviousthatNuoNuodidn’trealizehewasabird.Heperhapsthinkshewasoneofthefamily.Butitisnotenoughforabirdtowalk,itmustflyaswell.Dadsoonbeganattemptingtomakehimlearnthisnewability,butitwasnotaneasytask.Afterall,nobodyinourfamilyhadmasteredtheartofflying.wedidn’tevenhavewings.HowcouldweaskNuoNuotodosomethingthatwehadnomeansofdoingourselves?
Theflyinglessonswentonregardless.Dadjumpedoffachair,wavinghisarmsasifhislifedependedonit,inanattempttoencourageNuoNuotoshakehiswings.Surprisingly,thisstupidactionofDad’sdidactuallyhaveaneffect.NuoNuobegantoshakehiswingsandstartedtorise.
Everythingishardatthebeginning.Butseeingaswhatwehadalreadystarted,thefactthatNuoNuocouldn’tflywasnoreasonnottocontinuetrying.NuoNuolearnttoflyfinallyandhesurvivedthewinteraswell.
4.Accordingtothetext,whatisthenewadditiontothefamily?
A.onehangingorchidB.anotheremptyflowerpot
C.thelittlebirdD.ahandfulofgrass
5.Whyisitnotaneasytasktomakethebirdlearntofly?
A.Becausethebirdwasraisedinthecage.
B.Becausethebirdwasoneofthefamily.
C.Becausethefamilydidn’twanttoteachhimtofly.
D.Becausethefamilydidn’thaverelevantexperience.
6.What’sthefamily’sattitudetowardsthebird?
ACruelB.ConsiderateC.TolerantD.Unconcerned
7.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?
A.Allthepredictionsmaycometrue.B.Nothingisdifficultatthebeginning.
C.Everythingdeservesatrythoughhard.D.Thereisalwaysareasontodosomething.
C
Wealltalktoourselvessometimes.We’reusuallytooembarrassedtoadmitit,though.Infact,wereallyshouldn'tbebecausemoreandmoreexpertsbelievetalkingtoourselvesoutloudisahealthyhabit.
This“selftalk”helpsusmotivateourselves,rememberthings,solveproblems,andcalmourselvesdown.Beaware,though,thatasmuchas77%ofselftalktendstobenegative.Soinordertostaypositive,weshouldonlyspeakwordsofencouragementtoourselves.Weshouldalsobequicktogiveourselvesapatontheback.Thenexttimeyoufinishaproject,dowellinatest,orfinallycleanyourroom,joinmeinsaying“Goodjob!
”
Often,wordscomeoutofourmouthswithoutusthinkingabouttheeffecttheywillhave.Butweshouldbeawarethatourwordscausecertainresponsesinothers.Forexample,whenreturninganitemtoastore,wemightusewarm,friendlylanguageduringtheexchange.Andtheclerkwillprobablyrespondinasimilarmanner.Orharsh(刻薄的)andcriticallanguagewillmostlikelycausetheclerktobedefensive.
Wordspossesspowerbecauseoftheirlastingeffects.Manyofusregretsomethingweoncesaid.Andwerememberunkindwordssaidtous!
Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves:
Isittrue?
Isitloving?
Isitneeded?
Ifwhatwewanttosaydoesn’tpassthistest,thenit'sbetterleftunsaid.
Wordspossesspower:
bothpositiveandnegative.Thosearoundusreceiveencouragementwhenwespeakpositively.Wecanofferhope,buildselfesteem(自尊)andmotivateotherstodotheirbest.Negativewordsdestroyallthosethings.Willweuseourwordstohurtortoheal?
Thechoiceisours.
8.Whyshouldwenotfeelembarrassedwhentalkingtoourselves?
A.Talkingtoourselvesisbelievedtobegoodforourhealth.
B.Itdoesharmtohave“selftalk”whenwearealone.
C.Talkingtoourselveshelpsustosolvealltheproblems.
D.Almosteverybodyhasthehabitoftalkingtooneself.
9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“giveourselvesapatontheback”mean?
A.Blameourselves.B.Punishourselves.C.Talktoourselves.D.Praiseourselves.
10.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthoragreewith?
A.Wordsalwayspossesslongpositiveeffects.
B.Kindwordsaresometimesnotneededatall.
C.Itisimpossibleforunkindwordstobeforgotten.
D.Itisbettertothinktwicebeforetalkingtoothers.
11.Howdoestheauthorexplaintheeffectofwordsinparagraph3?
A.Bygivingadefinition.B.Byclassifyingdifferenttypes.
C.Bygivingexamples.D.Bygivingdata.
D
PatientsintheearlystagesofAlzheimer’sdiseaseoftenstruggletorememberrecentlylearnedinformation,meaningtheyforgetthingslikeimportantappointmentsorwheretheylefttheirkeys.Butitseemsthatthesememoriesarenotlost.Theyarestillfiledawayinthebrainsomewhere;theyjustcan’tbeeasilyaccessed.
Now,researchersatMIThavedevelopedameansofgettingbackmemoriesinmicesufferingfromAlzheimer’s.Themethodreliesonatechniquethatuseslighttocontrolgeneticallymodifiedneurons(转基因神经元).Currentlyitistooearlytobeusedinhumantrialsasitinvolvesinsertinglightemitting(发光)equipmentintothesubjects’brains,butthesameprinciplesstillapply,theresearcherssaid.
“Theimportantpointisthatthisisevidenceofconcept.Thatis,evenifamemoryseemstobegone,itisstillthere.It’samatterofhowtogetitback,”saidseniorresearcherSusumuTonegawa.
Theteamtooktwogroupsofmice,onegeneticallyengineeredtodevelopAlzheimer’sandonehealthy.Theythenplacedthemintoaroomandgavethemamildelectricshock.Allofthemiceshowedfearwhenputbackinanhourlater.Whenplacedintheroomathirdtimeseveraldayslater,theAlzheimer’smiceactednormally.Theyhadforgottentheshock.
Theresearcherswerethenabletobringbackthememoryoftheshockbyactivating(激活)thecellsinwhichthememorieswerestored.Evenwhenthemicewereputintoanunfamiliarroom,theyshowedfearwhenthecellsassociatedwiththeshockwereactivated.
“Shorttermmemoryseemstobenormal.Butforlongtermmemory,theseearlyAlzheimer’smiceseemtobedamaged,”saidleadresearcherDheerajRoy.“Orrather,thereisindeedanaccessproblemtotheinformation.”
12.WhatcanwelearnabouttheresearchersatMIT?
A.Theyarethepioneersofbrainresearch.
B.Theyhaveusedthemethodinhumantrials.
C.TheycancureAlzheimer’susingthenewmethod.
D.TheycangetbackmemoriesinmicewithAlzheimer’s.
13.Wh