The Analysis of Hamlets Character from the view of Humanism.docx

The Analysis of Hamlets Character from the view of Humanism.docx

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TheAnalysisofHamletsCharacterfromtheviewofHumanism

TheAnalysisofHamlet’sCharacterfromtheviewofHumanism

Contents

Abstract..........................................................................................................

1.BriefintroductionofHamlet......................................................................1

2.Definitionofhumanism.............................................................................1

3.BriefanalysisofHamlet’scharacterasahumanist....................................2

4.Conclude.....................................................................................................6

Reference........................................................................................................7

Abstract

ThetragedyHamletwhichwascreatedin1601wastherepresentativeworkofShakespeare.ItnarratedastorythatHamlet,TheprinceofDanish,revengedtohisunclewhomurderedhisfather,marriedhismotherasacheatandclaimedthethrone.Hamletisthetypicalcharacterthatembodiedtheauthor’sidealityofhumanist.ThroughdescribingtheinconsistentconflictbetweenHamlet’sidealandsocialreality,describinghishesitancyandsorrowandthelastfailureinrevenge,thetragedyreflectsthehumanistrequirestobreakingthroughthefetteroffeudalismdeeply,andalsoatthesametimeitrevealsthelimitationoftheearlybourgeoisieinEngland.ExactlybecauseoftheconflictbetweenHamlet’shumanismidealityandthefactualrealitycausethenecessityofhislifetragedy.

Keywords：

Shakespeare;Hamlet;Humanism;Melancholy

摘要

悲剧《哈姆雷特》写于1601年，是莎士比亚的代表作品之一。

它的情节是这样的：

哈姆雷特是一个丹麦王子，向杀死了他的父亲，骗娶了他的母亲，并篡取了王位的叔叔复仇。

哈姆雷特是体现了作者的人文主义的理想的典型角色。

通过描述哈姆雷特的理想与社会现实之间的矛盾冲突,以及他的犹豫与悲伤和失败复仇的悲剧，反映了人文主义者需要突破封建主义的束缚,同时也揭示了在英国早期资产阶级的局限性。

正是因为哈姆雷特的人文主义理想和现实事实之间的冲突造成他人生悲剧的必要性。

关键词：

莎士比亚；哈姆雷特；人文主义；忧郁

1.BriefintroductionofHamlet

ThisisthesadstoryofHamlet,youngPrinceofDenmark,whosefatherdiedtwomonthsbeforethestorybegins.Hamlet'sfatherwasKingofDenmarkandHamletwashisonlyson.Thekingdiedastrangedeath.Itwasbelievedthathehadbeenbittentodeathbyapoisonoussnake.Hamletneverstoppedwearingblackclothes.Hismother,Gertrude,marriedHamlet'suncle,Claudius.AfterHamlet'sfatherdied,ClaudiusbecameKingofDenmarkandmarriedGertrude.YoungHamletdidnotlikehim.

Thebellofthecastlewasringingatmidnight.Suddenlyaghostintheformofthelatekingappearedinthedarkness.Lookingattheghost,Hamlet'sbestfriend,weresurprisedandterrified.Theydecidedtotelltheirprincewhattheyhadseen.ThenextdaytheytoldhimthattheyhadseentheghostofKingHamlet.Ashisfriendshadtoldhim,Hamletsawthattheghostwasexactlylikehisdeadfather.Helookedathimsadlyandmadeasignforhimtofollow.Hamletandtheghostwalkedawayintothedarkness.AttheendofthewallsofthecastletheghoststoppedandbegantotalktoHamlet,Itellyou.Iwasnotkilledbyapoisonoussnake,butbymybrotherClaudius.NeverforgetwhatIhavetoldyou,mydearson.Good-bye,Hamlet!

"Thentheghostdisappearedintothemistofthedarksky.Uponhearingthis,Hemadeuphismindtokillhisuncleandlethismotherrepentforhersins.

Hewashesitatedatbeginhecouldnotdecideallofthesethings.Heshouldmakeadecisionatlast.Becauseofhisuncleseemlyknewhisthinkingandwantedtosendhimoutside.Sohepretendedtobecrazyandwantedtothinkoverthesethings.Hisunclesenthisofficerandhismostclosefriendtowatchhim.Hedisbelievedanybody,evenhisloverOphelia.UnfortunatelyhekilledOphelia’sfatherthenhekilledhisbrothertoo.Thetragedybecameandatlasttheyarealldead.

2.Definitionofhumanism

TherethehumanismisrefertoRenaissanceHumanism.RenaissanceHumanismisthespiritoflearningthatdevelopedattheendofthemiddleageswiththerevivalofclassicallettersandarenewedconfidenceintheabilityofhumanbeingstodetermineforthemselvestruthandfalsehood

.

3.BriefanalysisofHamlet’scharacterasahumanist

HamletistheprinceofDenmark.Intheearlyperiodoftime,hehasanenthusiasticspiritandpositiveattitudetowardslife.WecanfinditfromOphelia’scompliment:

“Thecourtier’s,soldier’s,scholar’seye,tonguesword;theexpectancyandroseofthestate;theglassoffashionandthemouldofform;theobservedofallobservers”

.Butafterhisfather’sdeath,hismother’sremarriage,hisuncle’susurpationandhisgirlfriend’sbetrayal,everythingchangesinhislifeandhehastofacemanychoices.

Asweallknow,Hamlet’sfather’sdeathwasashockfoehimandhecouldnotgetoverit.AtthesametimehismothermarriedthenewkingClaudiusrightawayafterhisfatherdiedandhadn’tmournforhisfather’sdeath.Thesemadehimmelancholy.Hamletisthetypicalcharacterofhumanism.Asahumanist,heaffirmstheimportanceofhumanbeing.Inhissoliloquieshespeaks

:

Whatapieceofworkisaman,

hownobleinreason,

howinfiniteinfaculties,

informandmoving,

howexpressandadmirableinaction,

howlikeaGod:

thebeautyofworld,

theparagonofanimals

It’sthehottestpraisetohuman,andalsothemostseriouschallengetogod,theologyandchurch.Becauseofthiskindthoughttohumaninhamlet’smind,hisfatheristhemostperfectman,andhisparents’marriageisthetypicalconstantexample.ThismakeHamlethasahumanismmindtolove,friendshipandhumannature.Sohisfather’deathandmother’smarryconflicttohisidealprinciple.Tohamlet,hisfaithdestroyedallatonce.It’stheessentialreasonforhismelancholycharacter.

ManyscholarsthinktherelationshipbetweenHamletandhismotherisOedipuscomplex.ItistruethatinHamlet’srevengeheshowshishateandlovetohismother,butthat’snotOedipuscomplex.Oedipuscomplexisadesireforsexualinvolvementwiththeparentoftheoppositesexandasenseofrivalrywiththeparentofthesamesex

.Hamletloveshisparents.Afterhisfatherdead,hehateshismotherbecausehethinksshebetrayshisfather.Asason,nomatterwhohemayis,hewillgetangrilywhenhismotherremarries.HeshowshisangeranddisappointmentinAct1,Scene2:

“Frailty,thynameiswoman!

Alittlemonth,orerethoseshoeswereoldwithwhichshefollow'dmypoorfather'sbody.LikeNiobe,alltears:

whyshe,evenshe”

.FromthiswecangetthatHamletknowsclearlywhattoloveandwhattohate.Heisanormalpersonlikeeveryone.

WhentheghostappearedinActⅣandⅤ,Hamletknewthetruthabouthisfather’sdeath.AtthistimeHamletisnotonlyfindidealisdifferentwithfact,butalsoseethefakemercycoveredtheevil.Facingtheruthlessfact,Hamletfeelssorrowandpainful,hecried

:

Oallyouhostoftheheaven!

Oearth!

Whatearth?

AndshallIcouplehell?

Inhisopinion,allofthemottosandrecapitulativetruthsareemptytalks,allofthemmustbeabandon,onlythewordstheghostsaidshouldberemembered,Heswearstorevengeforhismurderedfather,evenforthetrampedhumanism.Heshouted

:

timeisTheoutofjoint,

Ocursedspite,

ThateverIwasborntosetitright!

Thesesentencesarethefocusofthedrama.ItshowsthatHamlet’sattentionisturnfromhisowndistressintotheuniversalevilofsociety,fromtheabstractemptytalkintothesocialpractice.HedecidestofightagainstClaudius’evilpowerandcoordinatethedisjointtimeintojoint.Butheistooyoungtoundertakethisresponsibility.Hispoweristoolittleandcannotavoidit.Sohepretendstomadtomakehisuncleoffguard.

Hamlet’smadcauseClaudiussodoubtthathetransfersorthepeoplearoundtosearchthereasonwhyHamletgetmad.Inthisway,hisfriendsbetrayhimandhisloverisused.Hamletfeelstimelessdisappoint,sorrowandunfortunate.Helostallthethings.Relative,loveandfriendshipareallleavehim.ThemelancholydestroyingHamletandsendhetodeathstepbystep.ToHamlet,deathisdisentanglement.ItmeanshecouldescapefromtheresponsibilitytoDanish.Sohehasthefamoussoliloquiesonliveordeath

:

Tobe,ornottobe:

thatisthequestion:

Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosuffer

Theslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,

Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,

Andbyopposingendthem?

Todie:

tosleep;

Itisnotacharactermarkedbywillorpassion,butbythoughtandsentiment.Hamletisaslittleoftheheroasamancanwellbeing:

butheisayoungleaner.Heseemsincapableofimmediatelyaction,andisonlyhurriedintoextremitiesonthehitoftheoccasion.Whenhehasnotimetoreflect,asinthescenewherehekillsPolonius,andagain,wherehealterstheletterswhichRosencrantzandGuildensternaretakingwiththemtoEngland.Atothertimes,whenhedecidetomakeaction,heremainspuzzled,undecided,andself-doubt,tilltheoccasionislost,andfindsoutsomepretencetorelapseintotheformerbehaviorandthoughtfulnessagain.

ForthisreasonherefusestokilltheKingwhenheisathisprayers.OpheliamadeacommentaboutHamlet

:

Oh,whatanoblemindishereo'erthrown!

Thecourtier's,scholar's,soldier's,eye,tongue,sword

Th'expectancyandroseofthefairstate

Theglassoffashionandthemouldofform

Th'observ'dofallobservers-quite,quitedown!

Itisanexactcomment.buthisself-doubtandisolationmeanthatuntilhehasdecideduponactionattheendofActⅣ,hissoliloquiesarethemostimportantwaytoexpressthedilemma.Inhisdifficultstruggletosomehowactwithinacorruptworldandyetmaintainhismoralintegrity,Hamletultimatelyreflectsthefateofallhumanbeings.

Atlasthamletrevengesuccessfully,alloftheevilmendied.ButHa