The Analysis of Hamlets Character from the view of Humanism.docx
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TheAnalysisofHamletsCharacterfromtheviewofHumanism
TheAnalysisofHamlet’sCharacterfromtheviewofHumanism
Contents
Abstract..........................................................................................................
1.BriefintroductionofHamlet......................................................................1
2.Definitionofhumanism.............................................................................1
3.BriefanalysisofHamlet’scharacterasahumanist....................................2
4.Conclude.....................................................................................................6
Reference........................................................................................................7
Abstract
ThetragedyHamletwhichwascreatedin1601wastherepresentativeworkofShakespeare.ItnarratedastorythatHamlet,TheprinceofDanish,revengedtohisunclewhomurderedhisfather,marriedhismotherasacheatandclaimedthethrone.Hamletisthetypicalcharacterthatembodiedtheauthor’sidealityofhumanist.ThroughdescribingtheinconsistentconflictbetweenHamlet’sidealandsocialreality,describinghishesitancyandsorrowandthelastfailureinrevenge,thetragedyreflectsthehumanistrequirestobreakingthroughthefetteroffeudalismdeeply,andalsoatthesametimeitrevealsthelimitationoftheearlybourgeoisieinEngland.ExactlybecauseoftheconflictbetweenHamlet’shumanismidealityandthefactualrealitycausethenecessityofhislifetragedy.
Keywords:
Shakespeare;Hamlet;Humanism;Melancholy
摘要
悲剧《哈姆雷特》写于1601年,是莎士比亚的代表作品之一。
它的情节是这样的:
哈姆雷特是一个丹麦王子,向杀死了他的父亲,骗娶了他的母亲,并篡取了王位的叔叔复仇。
哈姆雷特是体现了作者的人文主义的理想的典型角色。
通过描述哈姆雷特的理想与社会现实之间的矛盾冲突,以及他的犹豫与悲伤和失败复仇的悲剧,反映了人文主义者需要突破封建主义的束缚,同时也揭示了在英国早期资产阶级的局限性。
正是因为哈姆雷特的人文主义理想和现实事实之间的冲突造成他人生悲剧的必要性。
关键词:
莎士比亚;哈姆雷特;人文主义;忧郁
1.BriefintroductionofHamlet
ThisisthesadstoryofHamlet,youngPrinceofDenmark,whosefatherdiedtwomonthsbeforethestorybegins.Hamlet'sfatherwasKingofDenmarkandHamletwashisonlyson.Thekingdiedastrangedeath.Itwasbelievedthathehadbeenbittentodeathbyapoisonoussnake.Hamletneverstoppedwearingblackclothes.Hismother,Gertrude,marriedHamlet'suncle,Claudius.AfterHamlet'sfatherdied,ClaudiusbecameKingofDenmarkandmarriedGertrude.YoungHamletdidnotlikehim.
Thebellofthecastlewasringingatmidnight.Suddenlyaghostintheformofthelatekingappearedinthedarkness.Lookingattheghost,Hamlet'sbestfriend,weresurprisedandterrified.Theydecidedtotelltheirprincewhattheyhadseen.ThenextdaytheytoldhimthattheyhadseentheghostofKingHamlet.Ashisfriendshadtoldhim,Hamletsawthattheghostwasexactlylikehisdeadfather.Helookedathimsadlyandmadeasignforhimtofollow.Hamletandtheghostwalkedawayintothedarkness.AttheendofthewallsofthecastletheghoststoppedandbegantotalktoHamlet,Itellyou.Iwasnotkilledbyapoisonoussnake,butbymybrotherClaudius.NeverforgetwhatIhavetoldyou,mydearson.Good-bye,Hamlet!
"Thentheghostdisappearedintothemistofthedarksky.Uponhearingthis,Hemadeuphismindtokillhisuncleandlethismotherrepentforhersins.
Hewashesitatedatbeginhecouldnotdecideallofthesethings.Heshouldmakeadecisionatlast.Becauseofhisuncleseemlyknewhisthinkingandwantedtosendhimoutside.Sohepretendedtobecrazyandwantedtothinkoverthesethings.Hisunclesenthisofficerandhismostclosefriendtowatchhim.Hedisbelievedanybody,evenhisloverOphelia.UnfortunatelyhekilledOphelia’sfatherthenhekilledhisbrothertoo.Thetragedybecameandatlasttheyarealldead.
2.Definitionofhumanism
TherethehumanismisrefertoRenaissanceHumanism.RenaissanceHumanismisthespiritoflearningthatdevelopedattheendofthemiddleageswiththerevivalofclassicallettersandarenewedconfidenceintheabilityofhumanbeingstodetermineforthemselvestruthandfalsehood
.
3.BriefanalysisofHamlet’scharacterasahumanist
HamletistheprinceofDenmark.Intheearlyperiodoftime,hehasanenthusiasticspiritandpositiveattitudetowardslife.WecanfinditfromOphelia’scompliment:
“Thecourtier’s,soldier’s,scholar’seye,tonguesword;theexpectancyandroseofthestate;theglassoffashionandthemouldofform;theobservedofallobservers”
.Butafterhisfather’sdeath,hismother’sremarriage,hisuncle’susurpationandhisgirlfriend’sbetrayal,everythingchangesinhislifeandhehastofacemanychoices.
Asweallknow,Hamlet’sfather’sdeathwasashockfoehimandhecouldnotgetoverit.AtthesametimehismothermarriedthenewkingClaudiusrightawayafterhisfatherdiedandhadn’tmournforhisfather’sdeath.Thesemadehimmelancholy.Hamletisthetypicalcharacterofhumanism.Asahumanist,heaffirmstheimportanceofhumanbeing.Inhissoliloquieshespeaks
:
Whatapieceofworkisaman,
hownobleinreason,
howinfiniteinfaculties,
informandmoving,
howexpressandadmirableinaction,
howlikeaGod:
thebeautyofworld,
theparagonofanimals
It’sthehottestpraisetohuman,andalsothemostseriouschallengetogod,theologyandchurch.Becauseofthiskindthoughttohumaninhamlet’smind,hisfatheristhemostperfectman,andhisparents’marriageisthetypicalconstantexample.ThismakeHamlethasahumanismmindtolove,friendshipandhumannature.Sohisfather’deathandmother’smarryconflicttohisidealprinciple.Tohamlet,hisfaithdestroyedallatonce.It’stheessentialreasonforhismelancholycharacter.
ManyscholarsthinktherelationshipbetweenHamletandhismotherisOedipuscomplex.ItistruethatinHamlet’srevengeheshowshishateandlovetohismother,butthat’snotOedipuscomplex.Oedipuscomplexisadesireforsexualinvolvementwiththeparentoftheoppositesexandasenseofrivalrywiththeparentofthesamesex
.Hamletloveshisparents.Afterhisfatherdead,hehateshismotherbecausehethinksshebetrayshisfather.Asason,nomatterwhohemayis,hewillgetangrilywhenhismotherremarries.HeshowshisangeranddisappointmentinAct1,Scene2:
“Frailty,thynameiswoman!
Alittlemonth,orerethoseshoeswereoldwithwhichshefollow'dmypoorfather'sbody.LikeNiobe,alltears:
whyshe,evenshe”
.FromthiswecangetthatHamletknowsclearlywhattoloveandwhattohate.Heisanormalpersonlikeeveryone.
WhentheghostappearedinActⅣandⅤ,Hamletknewthetruthabouthisfather’sdeath.AtthistimeHamletisnotonlyfindidealisdifferentwithfact,butalsoseethefakemercycoveredtheevil.Facingtheruthlessfact,Hamletfeelssorrowandpainful,hecried
:
Oallyouhostoftheheaven!
Oearth!
Whatearth?
AndshallIcouplehell?
Inhisopinion,allofthemottosandrecapitulativetruthsareemptytalks,allofthemmustbeabandon,onlythewordstheghostsaidshouldberemembered,Heswearstorevengeforhismurderedfather,evenforthetrampedhumanism.Heshouted
:
timeisTheoutofjoint,
Ocursedspite,
ThateverIwasborntosetitright!
Thesesentencesarethefocusofthedrama.ItshowsthatHamlet’sattentionisturnfromhisowndistressintotheuniversalevilofsociety,fromtheabstractemptytalkintothesocialpractice.HedecidestofightagainstClaudius’evilpowerandcoordinatethedisjointtimeintojoint.Butheistooyoungtoundertakethisresponsibility.Hispoweristoolittleandcannotavoidit.Sohepretendstomadtomakehisuncleoffguard.
Hamlet’smadcauseClaudiussodoubtthathetransfersorthepeoplearoundtosearchthereasonwhyHamletgetmad.Inthisway,hisfriendsbetrayhimandhisloverisused.Hamletfeelstimelessdisappoint,sorrowandunfortunate.Helostallthethings.Relative,loveandfriendshipareallleavehim.ThemelancholydestroyingHamletandsendhetodeathstepbystep.ToHamlet,deathisdisentanglement.ItmeanshecouldescapefromtheresponsibilitytoDanish.Sohehasthefamoussoliloquiesonliveordeath
:
Tobe,ornottobe:
thatisthequestion:
Whether'tisnoblerinthemindtosuffer
Theslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,
Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,
Andbyopposingendthem?
Todie:
tosleep;
Itisnotacharactermarkedbywillorpassion,butbythoughtandsentiment.Hamletisaslittleoftheheroasamancanwellbeing:
butheisayoungleaner.Heseemsincapableofimmediatelyaction,andisonlyhurriedintoextremitiesonthehitoftheoccasion.Whenhehasnotimetoreflect,asinthescenewherehekillsPolonius,andagain,wherehealterstheletterswhichRosencrantzandGuildensternaretakingwiththemtoEngland.Atothertimes,whenhedecidetomakeaction,heremainspuzzled,undecided,andself-doubt,tilltheoccasionislost,andfindsoutsomepretencetorelapseintotheformerbehaviorandthoughtfulnessagain.
ForthisreasonherefusestokilltheKingwhenheisathisprayers.OpheliamadeacommentaboutHamlet
:
Oh,whatanoblemindishereo'erthrown!
Thecourtier's,scholar's,soldier's,eye,tongue,sword
Th'expectancyandroseofthefairstate
Theglassoffashionandthemouldofform
Th'observ'dofallobservers-quite,quitedown!
Itisanexactcomment.buthisself-doubtandisolationmeanthatuntilhehasdecideduponactionattheendofActⅣ,hissoliloquiesarethemostimportantwaytoexpressthedilemma.Inhisdifficultstruggletosomehowactwithinacorruptworldandyetmaintainhismoralintegrity,Hamletultimatelyreflectsthefateofallhumanbeings.
Atlasthamletrevengesuccessfully,alloftheevilmendied.ButHa