英美文学选读背诵精华.docx
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英美文学选读背诵精华
英美文学选读背诵精华
Name/CNName
Writer'sFeatures
Writings/CNWritings
Writing'sFeatures
EnglishLiterature
TheRenaissancePeriod
1.Age:
1500-1660
2.Background:
stimulatedbytherediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekclassic;England'sGoldenAge,especiallyinliterature;theChurchofEnglandbrokeawayfromtheCatholicChurch
3.Features:
(1)Newpoeticalformsintroduced,e.g.blankverseandsonnet;
(2)TheEnglishdramabaseditselfonthemodelsofRomanandGreekclassicsandtheprecedentsfromItalyandSpain
(3)Theuniversaltendofhumanisminemphasizingman'sdignityandhisworldlyhappiness
EdmundSpenser
埃德蒙.斯宾赛
1.Thepoet'spoet;
2.Perfectmelody;araresenseofbeauty;asplendidimagination;aloftymoralpurityandseriousness;adedicatedidealism
TheFaerieQueen
仙后
(TheShepheadesCalender牧人日记;Epithalamion新婚喜歌)
Anallegory;"ahistoricalpoem"topresenttheexampleofaperfectgentleman;aherorepresentoneofthe12virtues;fiercewaresandfaithfulloves
ChristopherMarlowe
克里斯托夫.马洛
(Blankverse
Universitywit)
1.PerfectedblankverseandturneditintotheprincipalmediumofEnglishdrama
2.CreatedaseriesofimagesoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama
DrFauctus
浮士德博士
ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove多情的牧羊人致情人
1.SymbolicofahumanistintheRenaissance;basedontheGermanlegendofamagicianaspiringforknowledgeandfinallymeetinghistragicendasaresultofsellinghissoultotheDevil
WilliamShakespeare
威廉.莎士比亚
Thegreatestplaywrightandthemostpopularsonnetwriter;acreationofcharacters;skillfulplotconstruction;irony;agooduseofalanguage;skilledinvariouspoeticforms;ofthreequatrainsandacouplet(三节四行诗加一节偶句);nationalunityunderamightyandjustsovereignisanecessity—“TheKing’sgovernmentmustbecarriedon”(在一个强大英明的君主统治下的国家,统一是非常必要的)
(Eachherohashisweaknessofnature:
Hamlet,themelancholicscholar-prince,facesthedilemmabetweenactionandmind;Othello’sinnerweaknessismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce;theoldkingLearwhoisunwillingtototallygiveuphispowermakeshimselfsufferfromtreacheryandinfidelity;andMacbeth’slustforpowerstirsuphisambitionandleadshimtoincessantcrimes.)
Literatureshouldbeacombinationofbeauty,kindnessandtruth,andshouldreflectnatureandreality
Sonnets
十四行诗
TheMerchantofVenice
威尼斯商人
Hamlet
哈姆雷特
(VenusandAdonis维纳斯和安东尼斯;TheRapeofLucrece鲁克丽斯受辱记;romantictragicomedies浪漫悲喜剧;RomeoandJuliet;
Shakespeare'sgreatesttragediesare:
Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth)
1.154poems;Englishform
2.ThetraditionalthemeoftheplayistopraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,andtoexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutalityoftheJew.ManypeopletodaytendtoregardtheplayasasatireoftheChristians'hypocrisyandtheirfalsestandardsoffriendshipandlove,theircunningwaysofpursuingworldlinessandtheirunreasoningprejudiceagainstJews(Shylock).
3.Amanofcontemplationratherthanaction;hasthequalitiesofa“blood-and-thunder”thrillerandaphilosophicalexplorationoflifeanddeath
FrancisBacon
弗兰西斯.培根
Awellknownphilosopherscientistandessayist;laysthefoundationofmodernscience;his"Essays"isanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose
brevity\compactness\powerfulness
OfStudies
论学习
Itanalyzeswhatstudieschieflyservefor,thedifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies,andhowstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharacter
JohnDonne
约翰.邓恩
Theleadingfigure(代表人物)ofthe"metaphysicalschool(玄学派);Hispoemscanbedividedintotwogroups:
thesecularandthereligious;sermons;ThesongsandSonnets
Aseeminglyunfocuseddiversityofexperiencesandattitudesandafreerangeoffeelingsandmoods;dynamicratherthanstatic
TheSunRising
太阳升起
Death,BeNotProud
死神,莫骄横(HolySonnets)
1.Dramatizingandillustratingthestateofbeinginlove
2.AboldchallengetotheproudDeath
JohnMilton
约翰.弥尔顿
Aversatilewriter;fightforfreedominallaspectsasaChristianhumanist
ParadiseLost
失乐园
Satan,afterbeingdefeatedinhisrebelagainstGod,temptsAdamandEvetoeattheapplesfromtheForbiddenTree,andcausestheFallofMan
TheNeoclassicalPeriod
1.Age:
1660-1798
2.Background:
TheEnglishsocietyoftheneoclassicalperiodwasaturbulentone.FastdevelopmentofEnglandasanation;theAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason
3.Features:
(1)AfurtheranceoftheRenaissance–theEnlightenmentMovement,advocateduniversaleducation
(2)Reason,"eternaltruth","eternaljustice","eternalequality"waswhathumansocietyshouldseekfor;advocateduniversaleducation
(3)Revivingtheinterestinoldclassicalworks(neoclassicism)
(4)Keeptoorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy
(5)Hadspecificrulesforalmosteverygenreofliterature
JohnBunyan
约翰.班杨
AsastoutPuritan,hehadmadeaconscientiousstudyoftheBibleandfirmlybelievedinsalvationthroughspiritualstruggle
Concreteandlivinglanguage\carefullyobservedandvividlypresenteddetail
ThePilgrim’sProgress
天路历程
(Symbolizeshumanworld,for"Allthecomethisvanity";everythingandanythinginthisworldis"vanity",havenovalueandnomeaning;butthistown"lay"inthewaytotheCelestialCity,meaningpilgrimshadtoresistthetemptationstherewhentheymadetheirwaythrough)
IsthemostsuccessfulreligiousallegoryintheEnglishlanguage;itspurposeistourgepeopletoabidebyChristiandoctrinesandseeksalvationthroughconstantstruggleswiththeirownweaknessandallkindsofsocialevils
AlexanderPope
亚历山大.蒲伯
Stronglyadvocatedneoclassicism,emphasizingthatliteraryworksshouldbejudgedbyclassicalrulesoforder,reason,logic,restrainedemotion,goodtasteanddecorum
Satiric\concise\smooth\graceful\well-balancedstyle
OnCriticism
论批评
Acomprehensivestudyofthetheoriesofliterarycriticism;atypicaldidacticone;writtenintheformofheroiccouplets,it'splaininstyleanditiseasytoread.
DanielDefoe
丹尼尔.笛弗
Averygoodstory-teller;hissentencesaresometimesshort,crispandplain,andsometimeslongandrambling,whichleaveonthereaderanimpressionofcasualnarration
Smooth\easy\colloquial\mostlyvernacular
RobinsonCrusoe
鲁宾逊漂流记
Adventureonadesertedisland;depictsaherogrowsfromaninexperiencedyouthontoashrewdandhardenedman;asongofcourage,wisdom,struggleagainstthehostilenaturalenvironment
JonathanSwift
乔纳森.斯威特
Isalmostunsurpassedinthewritingofsimple,direct,preciseprose;“properwordsinproperplaces”
Clear\simple\concretediction\uncomplicatedsentencestructure\economyandconcisenessoflanguage
Gulliver’sTravels
格列佛游记
Fourplaces:
Lilliput,Brobdingnag,theflyingisland;Houyhnhnm
HenryFielding
亨利.菲尔丁
Firstofallthe18thcenturyEnglishnovelisttowritethe"comicepicinprose";thefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle;usethethird-personnarration;“FatheroftheEnglishNovel”;“thejustcopiesofhumanmanners”
Easy\unlabored\familiar\extremelyvividandvigorous\logicandrhythm
TomJones
汤姆.琼斯
SamuelJohnson
赛缪尔.约翰逊
Verymuchconcernedwiththethemeofthevanityofhumanwishes;nomatterhowcomplexhissentencesare,thethoughtisalwaysclearlyexpressed
TotheRightHonorabletheEarlofChesterfield
致可敬的吉士菲尔伯爵书
AstrongindignationattheEarl'sfame-fishing;implyingwritersindependenceineconomyandwriting;openanewerainthedevelopmentofliterature
RichardBrinsleySheridan
理查德.比.谢立丹
TheonlyimportantEnglishdramatistoftheeighteenthcentury;inhisplays,moralityistheconstanttheme
TheSchoolofScandal
造谣学校
Astoryabouttwobrothers
ThomasGray
扥马斯.格雷
Theleaderofthesentimentalpoetryoftheday,especially“theGraveyardSchool”
ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard墓园挽歌
Reflectsondeath,thesorrowoflife,andthemysteriesofhumanlifewithatouchofhispersonalmelancholy
TheRomanticPeriod
1.Age:
1798-1870
2.Background:
comingalongwiththeFrenchRevolutionandtheIndustrialRevolution
3.Features:
(1)Contrarywiththeneoclassicism:
emphasizethatmanhaveincommon,focusesonthespecialqualitiesofindividualmind
(2)Tendtoprobeintotheinnerworldofthehumanspiritrathernarratedailyhappeningsofthehumanworld
(3)Employruralscenery,legendaryandmythological,storiesofancienttimes,figuresfromcountryandOrientals
(4)Produceanumberofgreatpoets,theRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry
(5)ThefocusoftheeverydaylifeofhumanbeingsintheAgebroughtabouttheflourishingoffamiliaressays
WilliamBlake
威廉.布莱克
ThefirstimportantRomanticpoet;thespokesmanofrevolt;took“ThisWorld”as“aWorldofImaginationandVision”,declaringthat“TheNatureofmyworkisvisionaryandimaginative”
Plain\direct\lyricbeauty\symbolism
TheChimneySweeper/SongsofInnocence
扫烟囱的孩子/天真之歌
TheChimneySweeper/SongsofExperience
扫烟囱的孩子/经验之歌
TheTyger老虎
1.Indicatestheconditionsoftheexploitationofchildlabor,whichmakereligionaconsolation;
2.Revealsthetruenatureofreligionwhichhelpsbringmiserytothepoorchildren
WilliamWordsworth
威廉.华兹华斯
A“worshipperofnature”;apoetinmemoryofthepast,tohim,lifeisacyclicaljourney,itsbeginningfinallyturnsouttobeitsend;Advocatethewritingofthecommonpeopleinordinarylanguage;thejoysandsorrowsofthecommonpeoplearehisthemes;naturalscenerywithitsbeautyandmysteryactsalsoasoneofhisfavoritethemes,thepoorinruralplaces;revealtheinnerworkingsofindividual’smind;theseemingsimplicityofthepoetbothindictiona