英语单项知识的讲解与练习1.docx
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英语单项知识的讲解与练习1
英语单项知识的讲解与练习
(1)
1、目的状语
(1)、①引导目的状语的结构:
todo/soastodo/inordertodo/inorderthat/sothat.
②引导结果状语的结构:
todo/so+形容词;副词+astodo/so+形容词;副词;分词;(限定词+名词)+that/such+(单数;复数;不可数)名词+that/so(that)
(2)、order作“订购”讲时,只用陈述语气。
如:
Ihaveorderedasetofbooksforthestudentseach.
(3)、不用ordertodosomething,要改为从句。
(4)、inorderto/soasto表示目的,so…asto/enoughto/too…to表示结果,作目的状语的否定结构避免单独使用nottodo来表达,要用soasnotto/inordernotto。
(5)、sothat和inorderthat(正式语体),意思为“以便,使能够,为的是”,主从句的主语相同与否均可,目的状语从句中常用情态动词can,could,may,might,will,would,should等。
如:
IgotupearlysothatI(caught)couldcatchthetrain.主从句的主语一致可转换成不定式inorderto或soasto,句子的主语通常是不定式的逻辑主语。
soasto,sothat,inorderthat表示目的,不能放在句首。
练习:
①Inordertomakeourcitygreen,___.
A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretrees
B.manytreesneedtoplant
C.ourcityneedmoretreesD.wemustplantmoretrees
②___lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarmclock.
A.SoastosleepB.SleepingC.TosleepD.Havingslept
③Inmyopinion,you’dbettereatandsleepmore___loseanymoreweight.
A.soastoB.inordernottoC.tonotD.sothatnotto
④Dad,whyareyoualwaysbusywithyourworkeveryday?
___ourlifeeasierandbetter.
A.MakeB.MakingC.TomakeD.Tobemaking
⑤___admittedtofamousuniversities,parentsshouldtrytocuretheirchildren___badhabits.
A.Inordertobe;fromB.Soastobe;of
C.Soastobe;fromD.Inordertobe;of
2、as从句
在as引导的非限制性定语从句中,连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等,可以指人或物。
其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活,即可以在句子前面,在句子中间或句子末尾。
常用的结构有:
asweallknow;asiswellknownto…;asisoftenthecase;asissaid/mentionedabove;ashasbeensaidbefore;asItoldyoubefore;asisevident;asoftenhappens;ascanbeseen;asis/wasexpected;asweexpect;asIcanremember等。
注意:
①as通常只指整个句子的内容,不表示部分内容。
②as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指“事先可以预料到的”“料想到的”,表达“好”的方面。
③as引导限制性定语从句时,常构成thesame…as…;such…as…;so/as…as…等结构。
在从句中既可以指人、物,也可以指整个句子。
例如:
①Thisisalsopartofyourwork,asItoldyoubefore.我曾告诉过你,这也是你工作的一部分。
②Themanwasateacher,aswasevidentfromhiswayofspeaking.从那人说话的样子可明显看出,他是个老师。
③Suchideasashehitsonareworthless.像他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。
④It’sthesamestoryasIheardfromheryesterday.这故事跟我从她那儿听到的相同。
⑤Hewillmarryasprettyagirlashecanfind.他要尽可能找漂亮的女孩结婚。
⑥Suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人们应该受到极大的尊重。
练习:
①___manydevelopingcountries,Chinaisingreatneedofscienceandtechnology.
A.AsB.aswithC.WhichisthecasewithD.Aslike
②___ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolsisincreasing.
A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It
③___isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheeartheverymonth.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
④___otherdevelopingcountries,Chinaneedbringinadvancedtechnologyfromdevelopedcountries.
A.AsB.asifC.AswithD.Likethe
⑤___thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.
A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As
⑥___isknowntoall,Chinawillbean___andpowerfulcountryin20or30years’time.
A.That;advancingB.This;advancedC.Asadvanced
D.It;advancing
⑦___isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
3、疑问词加不定式
(1)、“疑问词加不定式”在句中起名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能作状语。
它通常可以相当于一个从句。
如:
Idon’tknowwhattodo=Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.疑问词必须位于不定式前,疑问代词what,which,whom作不定式的宾语,疑问副词where,when,how作不定式的状语,不定式必须用主动形式。
(2)、在这个结构中,不定式中的动词必须是及物的,不及物动词应该加上相应的介词。
有些动词之后适合接这个结构作宾语,否则句意不完整。
(3)、这类动词常用的有16个,可借助下面的口诀来记忆:
知道记住忘理解;想知解释查明白;决定告诉想考虑;讨论表明问和学(know,remember,forget,understand,wonder,explain,findout,see,decide,tell,thinkof/about,consider,discuss,show,learn,ask)。
练习:
①LastsummerItookacourseon___.
A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemade
C.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade
②Themotherdidn’tknow___toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.
A.whoB.whenC.howD.what
③ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows___.
A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwith
C.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
④Ineverthoughttherewouldbesomanycameras___,soIcouldn’tdecide___.
A.tochoosefrom;whichtobuyB.forchoosing;whattobuy
C.tochoosefrom;tobuywhichD.tobechosen;whichtobought
⑤___isveryimportant.
A.SolvetheproblemB.Howtosolvetheproblem
C.Howtobesolvedtheproblem
D.Whattodealwiththeproblem
⑥It’shightimeweconsidered___topreventmoreairpollution.
A.doingwhatB.whattodoC.howtodoD.whatshouldwedo
⑦Hegavemesomeadviceonhow___English.
A.studyingB.studyC.tostudyD.shouldIstudy
4、双重问句
(1)、复杂的特殊疑问句,又叫双重疑问句,它融一般疑问句与特殊疑问句于一体。
(2)、本句型分为两部分:
第一部分为一般疑问句;第二部分为特殊疑问句,但其疑问代(副)词要放在句首。
如:
Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousupposehashappenedtoher?
(3)、注意事项:
1)、特殊疑问句虽被分割,但仍是一个整体。
中间的doyousuppose似乎像是插入语。
2)、第二部分并不是严格意义上的特殊疑问句,因为有了doyousuppose,它不再使用疑问句语序,而要用陈述句语序。
如:
Whydoyousupposetheaccidenthashappened?
3)、句子的重心在第二部分,虽有doyousuppose存在,不能用yes,no回答。
与特殊疑问句相同,要根据疑问词做具体的、针对性回答。
如可回答:
Theaccidenthappenedbecauseofthedriver’scarelessness/becausethedriverwascareless.也可用I/Wethink(believe,expect,suppose,imagine,guess)so.进行肯定简略回答或用Idon’tthink(believe,suppose,imagine)./Ibelieve(suppose,imagine,hope,guess)not.进行否定简略回答。
练习:
①___besenttoworkthere?
A.WhodoyousuggestB.Whodoyousuggestthatshould
C.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould
②___youhaveseenbothfighters,___willwin?
A.Since;doyouthinkwhoB.As;whoyouthink
C.When;whoeverD.Since;whodoyouthink
③Wheredoyouthink___gone?
A.hasheB.hehasC.doeshehaveD.hehave
④Whodoyousuppose___tohim?
A.phoningB.hadphonedC.phonedD.isphone
⑤Wheredoyoubelieve___?
Wecan’tfindhimanywhere.
A.hashegoneB.hehasgone
C.hashebeenD.hehasbeento
⑥___Tom___?
A.Whodoyouthink;willgetmarriedto
B.Doyouthinkwhom;willgetmarriedwith
C.Doyouthinkwhen;marryto
D.Doyouthinkofwhom;bemarriedto
⑦Ihaven’theardfromHenryforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose___tohim?
A.washappeningB.tohappen
C.hashappenedD.hadhappened
5、状语从句的省略
(1)、当某些表示让步、时间、条件的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同,且谓语动词又包含be动词,那么这种状语从句中的主谓都可省略。
由单词though,when,while,if,till,until等引导的状语从句可省略。
如:
Thearticleisveryimportantthough(itis)short.
When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hestartedworkingtosupporthimself.
Donotleavethemachinetill(youare)toldtodoso.
If(heis)toooldtoworkmuch,theretiredworkerisveryenthusiasticaboutneighborhoodaffairs.
(2)、若从句的主语是it,谓语是系动词be,可省去itbe。
如:
If(itis)necessary,writetome.
练习:
①When___inthestreet,hecameacrossoneofhisfriends.
A.waswalkingB.walkedC.walkingD.tobewalking
②Themenwillhavetowaitallday___thedoctorworksfaster.
A.ifB.unlessC.whetherD.that
③Informationhasbeenputforward___moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.
A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as
④Shesaidshewoulddo___helpyou.
A.allwhatcouldtoB.whatshecouldC.asmuchasshecouldto
D.aspossibleasshecouldto
⑤Wehavecometotheconclusion___thissummerwillbemuchbetterthanbefore.
A.forB.butC.thatD.when
⑥Unless___tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.
A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited
⑦Once___,itwillneverbeforgotten.
A.visitedB.visitingC.visitsD.visit
⑧Once___,thebookwillbeverypopular.
A.publishedB.beingpublishedC.publishingD.publish
⑨Thenewmachine,if___properly,willserveusforatleast10years.
A.useB.usedC.usingD.touse
⑩Theygotmarriedafter___inlovewitheachotherfor3years.
A.havingfallenB.havingbeenC.fellD.were
Keys:
1.DCBCD
2.BBBCDCB
3.AACABBC
4.ADBCBAC
5.CBBCCAAABB