论习语及习语的汉英翻译.docx

论习语及习语的汉英翻译.docx

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论习语及习语的汉英翻译

毕业论文

题目：

小论习语及习语的汉英翻译

Title:

OnIdiomsandTheirTranslation

fromChineseintoEnglish

2008年05月20日

Acknowledgements

Firstly,Iwillpaymyappreciationtomyfamily.ItiswhohavegivenmesomanysupportsandsuggestionsIcouldfinallyfinishthispaper.Theirlovealwaysgivesmeenoughconfidenceinmyselfandinmywritingcourse.

IalsowanttothankmydearteacherswhotaughtmelotsofthingsthroughoutallfieldssothatIcanfinishmythesis.Theseteachersarereallythemostimportantpartinmythesiswriting.Thankstomygrammarteacher,shetaughtmealotduringthecoursessothatIcanhaveenoughknowledgetofinishmypaper.ThankstoourwritingcourseteacherMr.Cai.

Finally,Iwillgivemydeepestappreciationtomysupervisor,Mrs.Liu.Shealwayshelpsmetorevisemythesisandgivesmevaluablesuggestions,sheplaysaveryimportantpartinmythesiswriting.Thanksallofthemsomuch!

Abstract

Idiomsarejustlikeincomparablyresplendentbightpearlsemittingdazzlingraysinthepalaceofliterature.Throughouttheages,theyanimatetheworksofcountlessmenofliteratureandwriting.Idiomshavefixedpatternsandabundantconnotations.Theirvividimagesexplicitlyconveyincisivemeanings.ChineseidiomsarepartoftheessenceofChineseculturewithahistoryofthousandsofyears.Inthisthesis,theEnglishtranslationofChineseidiomswillbediscussedonthefoundationofsimplyintroducingthedefinitions,origins,features,andclassificationsofidioms,andaseriesofprinciplesandmethodsofidiomtranslationwillbeputforward,mainlyinvolvingthetranslationoftheChineseidiomswhichhavesimilaranddissimilarimplicationsinEnglish.thedissertationattemptsaprobeandthesisdiscussedon9aspects,whichincludetheoverallfeaturesofEnglishidiomsandPragmaticContext,speechacts,conversationalimplicative,theroleofdiscourseandpragmaticfeatures,thenegativesignificanceofrhetoricandtheactualuseoflanguagewiththeusewithninevariations,suchasaspectsofthebriefandarguments.Itishopedthat,bystudyingtheidiom,thisthesiswillprovidesomehelptoidiomlearnersandthosewhoareworkinginthisfield.

Keywords:

Chineseidioms；similarity；Dissimilarity

摘　要

习语犹如文学殿堂里一颗璀璨无比的明珠放射着历久不衰的光芒，古往今来，无数文人墨客的笔下都闪耀着它的异彩。

它结构固定而涵义深刻，用生动的形象明确地表达着深刻的思想。

汉语习语是几千年华夏文化的精髓之一。

本文在简单介绍习语就的定义，来源，特点及分类的基础上，研究汉语习语的英语翻译并提出一系列的汉语习语英译的翻译原则和翻译方法,其中主要涉及对似和非对似汉语习语的英语翻译等几个方面进行分析与总结，还从认知的、社会的和文化的整体角度对英语习语的特征、语用语境、言语行为、会话含义、语篇作用、语用功能、否定意义、修辞语用以及实际运用中的活用与变体等9个方面的问题进行了简略的的探讨和论述。

通过对英语习语的研究，希望对英语学习者有所裨益。

关键词:

汉语习语；对似性；非对似性

Contents

I.IntroductiontoIdioms..........................................................................2

1.1DefinitionofIdioms.........................................................................2

1.2OriginsofIdioms..............................................................................3

1.3FeaturesofIdioms..........................................................………...7

1.4ClassificationsofIdioms................................................................8

II.IdiomswithSimilarandDissimilarImplicationsinChineseandEnglish................................................................................................….9

2.1IdiomswithSimilarImplications.................................................9

2.2IdiomswithDissimilarImplications.............................................9

Ⅲ.TranslationofIdiomswithSimilarandDissimilarImplicationsfromChineseintoEnglish.....................................................................10

3.1MethodsandPrinciplesforEnglishTranslationofChineseIdioms......................................................................................................10

3.2PrinciplesforEnglishTranslationofChineseIdiomswithDissimilarImplicationsinEnglish..........................................................12

Bibliography............................................................................................15

Introduction

Languageisthemostimportantcommunicativetoolofallhumanbeings.Itplaysitsroleasnotonlythecarrierandformofculturebutalsothemostvitalelementoftransmissionandinheritanceofculture.Languageofanykindisthecrystallizationofthecultureofitsownnation.Asthecreamoftheculture,theidiomisakindofwidespreadsetphrasesorsentences,withspecificimplications,abstractedfromthespokenlanguageandexperienceofthepeopleandtheclassicalworks.Duetoitsvividimageandprofoundconnotation,theidiomisdeeplylovedbythemasses,asamemberwithfineexpressibleabilityinthefamilyoflanguage.Idiomsfrequentlyappearinthespokenlanguageandliteraryworks.Chineseidiomshaveasolidculturalbasetotakeroot,developandflourishnowthattheChinesenationhasbroadandprofoundculture.Nowadays,theinternationalstatusofChinaisupgradinggradually.PeopleallovertheworldtakedelightinacquaintingthemselveswithChineseculture.AstheessenceofChinesecultureandthecrystallizationofthewisdomofthecommonChinesepeople,idiomsareboundtobecomeanimportantparttopromotetheChineseculturetotheknowledgeofpeopleofalltheothercountries.TheidiomisacontactpointoftheknowledgeoftheChinesecultureforpeopleallovertheworld.Tosumup,inordertomakethewesternpeoplesknowChineseculturethoroughly,thestudyoftheEnglishtranslationofChineseidiomsisquitenecessaryandoffar-reachingsignificance.

Ⅰ.IntroductiontoIdioms

Idiomsarethosesetphrasesorshortsentencesabstractedfromthespokenlanguageorclassicalworks,andthelike.Theywerepassedfromgenerationtogenerationforcenturies.Idiomsarethecrystallizationofpeople’swisdom.Afterthousandsofyears’accumulation,idiomsareprovidedwithvividimages,profoundimplicationsandexquisiterhythms.Idiomscouldreflectthelocalcustomsandpracticesofdifferentregions,thelivingstyleofthepeople,thenaturalenvironmentandsoon.Wecouldseethattheidiomhasaverystrongcolorofitsnation.Therefore,tounderstandandstudytheidiomissupposedtostartfromitsdefinition,origin,features,andclassifications.

1.1.DefinitionofIdioms

Asforthedefinitionofidioms,therearevariouseditionsaccordingtodifferentdictionaries.Ipickedoutsomeofthosedefinitionsfromsomeauthoritativedictionariesasfollows:

（1）Anidiomisanexpressionwhichfunctionsasasingleunitandwhosemeaningcannotbewordedoutfromitsseparateparts（LongmanDictionaryofAppliedLinguistics,1985）andAnidiomisaphrase,constructionorexpressionthatisrecognizedasaunitintheusageofagivenlanguageandeitherdiffersfromtheusualsyntacticpatternsorhasameaningthatdiffersfromtheliteralmeaningofitspartstakentogether.（Webster’sNewWorldCollegeDictionary3rdEdition,1996）

Someexperts,whohavebeenengagedinthestudyofidiomsformanyyears,alsohaveopinionsofthedefinitionofidioms.

（2）Weinreichheldtheviewthataphraseologicalunitinvolvingatleasttwopolysemousconstituents,andinwhichthereisareciprocalcontextualselectionofsubsenseswillbecalledandidiom.

（3）SchweigertandMoateshavetheideathatidiomsarecommonexpressionsusedincolloquialspeechwithaccepted,figurativemeaningsthatdifferfromtheirpresent-dayliteralmeanings.Theseabovearefromdictionariesandexpertsorscholars.Tosumup,wemaycometotheconclusionthatidiomsarethoseconciseandincisivesetphraseorshortsentences,whichmeansomethingdifferentfromtheliteralmeaningoftheindividualwords,refinedfrompeople’slong-termemployment,whoseelementscannotbechangedatrandomwithsimplewordsproducingprofoundtruth,thuswidelyspreadamongthecommonpeople.

1.2OriginsofIdioms

Theformationofidiomsisonintimatetermswiththecultureofthenationwhichitslanguagerelieson.Inasense,theculturegivesbirthtotheidioms.Onthecontrary,theidiomsreflectallthefeaturesoftheculture.Eachnationhasitsownnationalculturewhichownsadistinctivestyleandtraditionthatcomeintobeinginthecourseoftheirworkandlife,includinghistory,language,custom,lifestyle,waysofthinking,andsoon.Idioms,akindoflanguageformusedbythepeopleforaverylongtime,toagreatextent,relymoreonthespecificsocialculturalconnotationsthanthecommonwords.Idioms,havinganextremelystrongcolorofanationareoneofthemarksdifferentiatingonelanguagefromanother.Thus,theoriginoftheidiomsmaybequitevaried.

1.2.1TheExperienceoftheCommonPeople

Forthousandsofyears,peopledrewlessonsandexperiencefromtheirdailylife,andthenwrotethemdowntotelltheiroffspringwhattheyhadgotfromtheirexperiences.Asaresult,mostoftheidiomscouldinvariablymirroralmosteverythingrelatedtothelifeofthecommonpeople.Takethosereflectingthegeographicenvironmentofpeople’sinhabitationsasexample,Britainisacountrywithsmalllandareabutalongcoastline;somanyEnglishidiomsarerelevanttotheocean.PeopleinBritainalwayscomparefishtothepeople.Forexample,theyuse‘coldfish’todescribeapersonwhoisunconcerntosomethingand‘feellikeafishoutofwater’toexpressafeelingthatisuncomfortableandunnatural.Peoplealwayswrotedownthelessonstheygotfromtheirexperience,justastheidiom‘whohasnevertastedbitterknowsnotwhatissweet’tellingthepeopleifyoudon’tundergohardships,youwillneverknowwhathappinessis.Atthebeginningofhumansociety,owingtothelowproductivityandlackoffurtherknowledgeofmostcommonphen