电动机控制中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

电动机控制中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

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电动机控制中英文对照外文翻译文献

电动机控制中英文对照外文翻译文献

（文档含英文原文和中文翻译）

原文：

ControlofElectricwinch

Formotorcontrol,weknowthebestwayistousethestylebuttonstomovethemanysimplemanualconsole.Andthisconsole,insomeapplicationsmaystillbeagoodchoice,assomecomplexcontrolheadachecanalsobeused.Thisarticledescribesinyourdesign,buildorpurchasewinchcontroller,youhavethemotor'sbasicelectricalequipmentandyouwillneedtoaddresstheuserinterfacecommandaddressed.

First,themanualshouldbeamanualcontrolconsoletype,soifyouremoveyourfingerbuttons,hoistwillstop.Inaddition,eachcontrolstationequippedwithanemergencyneedtobrake,hoisttheemergencybraketocutoffallpower,notjustthecontrolcircuit.Thinkaboutit,ifthehoistatthestop,itdidnotstop,youdoneedawaytocutoffthefaultlineprotectionpower.Setthetableinthecontrolofakeyoperatedswitch,isalsoaverygoodidea,especiallyinthelineleadingtotheworkstationcannotcontrol,youcanusetheswitch.

（inthedesignoftheconsole,eventhesimplestmanualconsole,butalsoconsidersettingbyspecializedpersonneltooperatethesafeoperationofthekeys.）

Constantspeedmotorcontrol

Forafixedspeedwinchactualcontroldeviceisathree-phasestarter.Turnthemotorisreversed,byasimpleswitchcontrolledphasetransformationsequencefromABCtoCBA.Theseactionsarecompletedbytwothree-polecontactor-style,andtheyareinterlocked,sothattheycannotbesimultaneouslyclosed.NEC,requiredinadditiontooverloadandshortcircuitprotectiondevices.Toprotectthemotoragainstoverloadduetomechanicaleffectscausedbyoverheatingintheheattobeinstalledinsidethestarteroverloaddelaydevice.Whentheheatoverloaddelaydeviceoverheating,ithasalongdoubleoffthemetalmotorpower.InadditionInaddition,youcanalsoselectathermistorcanbeinstalledinthemotorwindingway,itcanbeusedtomonitormotortemperaturechanges.Fortheshort-circuitprotection,wegenerallyusedbymotorfusestoachieve.

Alinearcurrentindependentcontactors,thecontactorsareconfiguredshouldbemorethanthecurrentmaincircuitcontactor,soastoachievethepurposeofredundancy.Thissetsthecurrentcontactoriscontrolledbythesecuritycircuit,suchas:

emergencybrakeandthemore-waylimits.

Wecanusethelimitswitchestoachievetheaboveoperation.Whenyoureachtheendofthenormaltravellimitposition,thehoistwillstop,andyoucanonlymovethewinchintheoppositedirection（ie,thedirectionawayfromthelimitposition.）Thereisalsoneedforamorelimitedwayjustincase,duetoelectricalormechanicalproblems,leavingtheoperationofhoistlimitbitmorethannormal.Ifyourunintomorelimiter,linearcontactorwillopen,therefore,cannotbedrivenwinchwillexceedthislimitposition.Ifthishappens,youneedtoaskaprofessionaltechniciantochecktheleadtomeetthemorespecificreasonslimiter.Then,youcanusethestartertoggleswitchinsidetheelasticrecoveryprocesstodealwithmoreproblems,ratherthantrippingdeviceorahand-offthecurrentcontacts.

Anecessaryconditionforspeed

Ofcourse,thesimplefixedspeedstarterisreplacedbyvariablespeeddrives.Thismakesthingsstarttogetinterestingagain!

Ataminimum,youneedtoaddaspeedcontroldialoperationplatform.Joystickisabetteruserinterface,becauseitmakesyoumovepartsofamoreintuitivecontrol.

Unfortunately,youcannotjustfromyourlocalconsoletosendcommandstocontroltheoldvariablespeeddrives,inaddition,youcannotwantitintheinitialstages,willbeabletoenhancethesafeandreliableanddecentralizedfacilities.Mostofthevariablespeeddrivecannotachievetheserequirements,becausetheyarenotdesignedtodoupgradingwork.Driversneedtobesettoreleasethebrakebeforethemotorcangeneratetorque,andwhenparking,thatis,beforetherevocationoftorque,thebrakewillbethefirstaction.

Formanyyears,DCmotorsanddrivesprovideanumberofcommonsolutions,suchaswhentheyareinavarietyofspeedswithgoodtorquecharacteristics.FormostofthehoistofthelargedemandforDCmotorisveryexpensive,andthatthesametypeofACmotorthanthemuchmoreexpensive.AlthoughtheearlyACdrivesarenotveryuseful,astheyhaveaverylimitedscopeofapplicationofthespeed,butproducedonlyasmalllow-speedtorque.Now,withtheDCdrivesthedevelopmentoflowcostandalargenumberofavailableACmotorshasledtoacommunication-drivenrevolution.

VariablespeedACdrivesintwoseries.Frequencyconverterhasbeenwidelyknownand,indeed,easytouse.ThesedrivesconvertACintoDC,andthen,andthenconvertitbacktoexchange,theexchangeaftertheconversionisadifferentfrequency.Ifthedriveproducedtheexchangeof30Hz,60Hzanormalmotorwillrunathalfspeed.Theoretically,thisisverygood,butinpractice,thiswillhavealotofproblems.Firstofall,atypicallinearmotor60Hzfrequenciesbelow2Hz3Hzareaortherewillbeerrors,andstartcog（thaturgentpush,yank）,orparking.Thiswilllimityourspeedrangelowerthan20:

1,almostnotadaptedtotheoperationalphaseofthefineadjustment.Second,manylow-costconverterisnotabletoprovidetheratedtorqueatlowspeeds.Useofthesedrives,willresultintherapidmovetoupgradethecomponentsorcompletefailure,precisely,whenyoutrytoupgradeastablescientificinstruments,youdonotwanttoseethissituation.Somenewinverterisaclosed-loopsystem（togetfeedbackfromthemotortoprovideamoreaccuratespeedcontrol）,andthemotorwillworkquitewell.

AnotherseriesofACdrivesistheflowvectortypedrive.Thesecomponentsrequireinstallationofthespindlemotorencoder,encodermakesuseofthesedrivescanaccuratelymonitortherotationofthemotorarmature.Processoraccuratelymeasuredmagneticfluxvectorvalues​​thatarerequiredtomakethearmatureatagivenspeedrotation.Thesedrivesallowinfinitespeed,soyouactuallycanproduceatzerospeedtoratedtorque.Thesedrivesprovideprecisespeedandpositioncontrol,sothesedrivesinhighperformanceapplicationstobewelcomed.

（BasedonPLCcontrollersprovidesystemstatusandcontroloptions.Thisscreenshowstheoperatorfullaccesstothenine-storyelevatorenhancethecontrolpanel.）

PLC-basedsystems

IsthefullnameofaPLCprogrammablelogiccontroller.Firstofall,PLCcontrollerdevelopedtoreplacethefiftiesandsixties-basedindustrialcontrolsystemrelay,theyworkinharshindustrialindoorenvironments.ThesearemodularsystemsthathavealargevarietyofI/Omodules.Themodularsystemcaneasilyachievethesemi-customhardwareconfigurationassembled,andtheresultingconfigurationisalsoveryreasonableprice.Thesemodulesinclude:

positioncontrolmodule,thecounter,A/DandD/Aconverter,andavarietyofphysicalstateorphysicalcontactwithclosedoutputmodule.LargenumberofdifferenttypesofI/OcomponentsandPLCmodulepropertymakesitaneffectivewaytoassemblecustomandsemicustomcontrolsystem.

ThebiggestshortcomingofPLCsystemsisthelackoftherealnumberofdisplaytotellyouwhatisbeingdoneandthePLConthePLCprogramtohelpyou.

Thefirstisprofessionalentertainmentforthelarge-scalePLCsystemisoneoftheoriginalinLasVegas,MGM（nowBaileyCompany）oftheridingandcarriagesystem.ManymanufacturersofferastandardPLC-basedsemi-automatedacousticsystemsandahostofsigns,setthelocationofthecommandlineinterpreter,andtheupgradingofthecontrolsystemisalsoavailable.Usingstandardmodulestosetuser-definedsystemconfigurationcapabilityisbasedonthePLCcontrollerofthegreatestadvantage.

High-endcontroller

Forcomplextransmission,thecontrollerbecamecomplex,morethanspeed,timeandlocationcontrol.Theyincludecomplexinstructionstowriteandrecordthemovementcontour,andtheprocessingcanimmediatelyruntheabilitytomulti-pointinstructions.

Manylargeoperahouseistowardthedirectionofpointliftsystem,whereeachoneisequippedwitharopetoenhanceindependentwinches,ropeequivalenttothoseofeachdimmercircuit.Whenmorethanonehoistisusedtoenhancetheindividualpart,thehoistmustbefullysynchronous,ortheloadtoshift,sowillleadtoaseparatewinchbecomestheriskofoverload.Controlsystemmustbeabletobeselectedtokeeppacewinch,orahoistwinchisnotabletomaintainsynchronizationwiththeother,canprovidethesamehigh-speedparkingcapacity.Foratypicalspeedof240ft/minandawinchtomaintaintherateoferrorofbetween1/8pointsofequipment,youonlyhavelessthanthreemicrosecondsoftimetoidentifyproblemsandtrytocorrecttheerrorThehoistspeed,makesureyoufail,youstartallthewinchstopthegroup.Thiswillrequirealargeamountofcomputation,fastI/Ointerface,andeasytousetowritesoftware.

Forlargeropecontrolsystemhastwoverydifferentsolutions.Thefirstistouseaseparateconsole,theproblemingeneralterms,thisconsoleshouldbeinstalledintheappropriatelocationoftheoperatorperspective.However,thisnotonlyfromoneangletoanotherangle,butstillcannotgetaninstructiontoanotherinstructionfromthecontrol.Thesedifficultieshavebeenpartiallyresolved.Installedindifferentlocationsthroughtheuseofvideocameras,andthesecamerasconnectedtothethree-dimensionaldisplaygraphics,thesegraphicsenablestheoperatortoobservefromtheperspectiveofanyofthethreecoordinatesintheexpecteddirectionofropemovement.Theseoperato