职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案05168.docx

职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案05168.docx

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职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案05168

职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-8

1、TheGuitarTheMuseumofFineArtsintheeasterncityofBostonrecentlybeganshowingacollectionofguitars.TheexhibitiscalledDangerousCurves:

TheArtoftheGuitar.Itshowshowtheinstrumentdevelopedduringthepastfourcenturies.Probablynoothermusicalinstrumentisaspopulararoundtheworldastheguitar.Musiciansusetheguitarforalmosteverykindofmusic.Countryandwesternmusicwouldnotbethesamewithoutaguitar.ThetraditionalSpanishfolkmusiccalledFlamencocouldnotexistwithoutaguitar.ThesoundofAmericanbluesmusicwouldnotbethesamewithoutthesadcryoftheguitar.Androckandrollmusicwouldalmostbeimpossiblewithoutthisinstrument.Musicexpertsdonotagreeaboutwheretheguitarfirstwasplayed.Mostagreeitisancient.SomeexpertssayaninstrumentverymuchlikeaguitarwasplayedinEgyptmorethanathousandyearsago.SomeotherexpertssaythattheancestorofthemodernguitarwasbroughttoSpainfromPersiasometimeinthetwelfthcentury.TheguitarcontinuedtodevelopinSpain.Intheseventeen-hundreditbecamesimilartotheinstrumentweknowtoday.Manyfamousmusiciansplayedtheinstrument.ThefamousItalianviolinistNiccoloPaganinniplayedandwrotemusicfortheguitarintheearlyeighteenhundred.FranzSchubertusedtheguitartowritesomeofhisfamousworks.OneguitarintheBostonFineArtsdisplaywasplayedbyLesPaul.Itisaveryoldelectricguitar.MisterParlbeganexperimentingwithwaystomakeanelectricguitarinthenineteen-thirties.TheGibsonGuitarCompanybeganproducingitsfamousLesParlGuitarin1952.Theinstrumenthasthesameshapeandthesamesixstringsasthetraditionalguitar,butitsoundsverydifferent.Theguitarhasalwaysbeenimportanttobluesmusic.TheelectricguitarMisterPaulhelpeddevelopmademodernbluesmusicpossible.Therehavebeenmanygreatbluesguitarists.Yet,musicexpertssayallbluesguitarplayersaremeasuredagainstonemanandhisfamousguitar.ThatmanisB-BKing.EverybluesfanknowsthatyearsagoB-BKingnamedhisguitarLucille.LucilleissoimportanttoAmericanmusicthattheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashingtonD-Chasaskedforit.Theywanttodisplaythelarge,beautifulblackguitarinoneofthemuseumsbecauseitisapartofAmericanculture.TheguitarexhibitiscalledDangerousCurve,becauseitdisplaysallkindsofdamagesguitarhasdonetopeople.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

B

答案解析:

由第1段可知，它是吉他艺术，它展示出此种乐器在过去一个世纪的发展过程。

因此选B。

2、TheThreattoKiribatiThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatonedayinthenot-too-distantfuture,theircountrywilldisappearfromthefaceoftheearth-literally.Severaltimesthisyear,thePacificislandnationhasbeenfloodedbyasuddenhightide.Thesetides,whichsweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhouses,camewhentherewasneitherwindnorrain."Thisneverhappenedbefore,"saytheoldercitizensofKiribati.Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?

Theanswermaywellbeglobalwarming.Whenfuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburned,pollutants（污染物）arereleased.Thesepollutantstrapheatintheearth\'satmosphere.Warmertemperaturescausewatertoexpandandalsocreatemorewaterbymeltingglaciers（冰川）andpolar（极地的）icecaps.Ifthetrendcontinues,scientistssay,manycountrieswillsuffer,Bangladesh,forexample,mightloseone-fifthofitsland.Thecoral（珊瑚）islandnationsofthePacific,likeKiribatiandtheMarshallIslands,however,wouldfaceanevenworsefate-theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.Thelossofthesecoralislandswouldbeeveryone\'sloss.Coralformationsarehometomorespeciesthananyotherplaceonearth.Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.Thesea,onwhichtheireconomieshavealwaysbeenbased,issuddenlythreateningtheirexistence.Theydon\'thavethemoneyforexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslikeseawalls.Andtheyhavenocontroloverthepollutants,whicharebeingreleasedmainlybyactivitiesinlargeindustrializedcountries.Alltheycandoistohopethatindustrializedcountrieswilltakestepstoreducepollution.HightidesusedtoattackKiribatiwhentherewasstrongwindorheavyrain.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

题干大意：

当风强雨大的时候，高潮经常袭击基里巴斯。

文章第一段最后两句提到：

Thesetides，whichsweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhouses,camewhentherewasneitherwindnorrain."Thisneverhappenedbefore,"saytheoldercitizensofKiribati.当无风无雨的时候这些高潮来横扫岛屿和破坏房屋，一位老人说：

“这在以前从来都没有发生过”。

意思就是说现在无风无雨也会出现高潮，而在过去只有大风大雨的时候才会出现高潮。

故答案选A。

3、BlackHolesMostscientistsagreethatblackholesexistbutarenearlyimpossibletolocate.Ablackholeintheuniverseisnotasolidobject,likeaplanet,butitisshapedlikeasphere（球体）.Astronomers（天文学家）thinkthatatthecenterofablackholethereisasinglepointinspacewithinfinite（无限的）density（稠密）.Thissinglepointiscalledasingularity（奇点）.Ifthesingularitytheoryiscorrect,itmeansthatwhenamassivestarcollapses,allthematerialinitdisappearsintothesingularity.Thecenterofablackholewouldnotreallybeaholeatall,butaninfinitelydensepoint.Anythingthatcrossestheblackholeispulledinbyitsgreatgravity.Althoughblackholesdoexist,theyaredifficulttoobserve.Thesearethereasons,?

Nolightoranythingelsecomesoutofblackholes.Asaresult,theyareinvisibletoatelescope.?

Inastronomicalterms,blackholesaretruly.Forexample,ablackholeformedbythecollapseofagiantstarwouldhaveaneventhorizon（视界）only18milesacross.?

ThenearestblackholeswouldbedozensoflightyearsawayfromEarth.Onelightyearisabout6trillion（万亿）miles.Eventhemostpowerfultelescopescouldnotpickoutanobjectsosmallatsuchagreatdistance.In1994theHubbleSpaceTelescopeprovidedevidencethatblackholesexist.Therearestillanswerstobefound,however,soblackholesremainoneofthemysteriesoftheuniverse.（2007年）Blackholesarepartofspace.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

题干大意：

黑洞是太空的一部分。

用space回到原文定位，文中首段第三句提到：

astronomers（天文学家）thinkthatatthecenterofablackholethereisasinglepointinspacewithinfinite（无限的）density（稠密）.天文学家认为黑洞的中心是太空中的一个单一的无限密度的点。

第二段第一句也有信息提到：

Thissinglepointiscalledasingularity（奇点）.这个单一的点叫做奇点。

故答案选A。

4、WillWeTakeVacationinSpaces?

WhenMikeKellyfirstsetouttobuildhisownprivatespace-ferryservice,hefiguredhisbread-and-butterbusinesswouldbelofting（发射）satellitesintohigh-Earthorbit.Nowhethinkshemayhavefiguredwrong."Peoplewerealwaysaskingmewhentheycouldgo,"saysKelly,whorunsKellySpace&TechnologyoutofSanBemardino,California."Irealizedthatrealmarketisinspacetourism."Accordingtopreliminarymarketsurveys,thereare10,000would-be-space-touristswillingtospend$1millioneachtovisitthefinalfrontier.SpaceAdventureinArlington,Virginia,hastakenmorethan130depositsforatwo-hour,$98,000spacetourtentativelyandsomewhatdubiously（可疑地）settoactorby2005.GeneMeyersofthespaceIslandGroupsays:

"Spaceisthenextexotic（风光奇特的）vacationspot."Thismayallsoundgreat,butthereareafewhurdles（困难）.Puttingasimplesatelliteintoorbitwithnooxygen,lifesupportorreturntripnecessaryalreadycostsanastronomical（天文数字）$22,OOO/kg.Andthatdoesn\'tincludetheoustofinsuringrichandpossiblylitigiouspassenger.JohnPikeoftheFederationofAmericanScientistsacerbically（尖刻地）suggeststhattheentiregroupofentrepreneurstryingtocorner（垄断）thespace-tourismmarkethavebetweenthem"justenoughmoneytoblowuponerocket."TheU.S.spaceagencyhasplentyofmoneybutzerointerestinmailingspacelessexpensiveforthelittleguys.Sothelittleguysareracingtodowhatthegovernmenthasfailedtodo:

designareusablelaunchsystemthatisinexpensive,safeandreliable.KellySpace\'sprototypelookslikeaplanethathassproutedrocketengines.RotaryRocketinRedwoodCity,California,hasaboosterwithrotorstomakeahelicopter-stylereturntoEarth;KistlerAero-spaceinKirkland,Washington,ispiecingtogetheritsversionsfromoldSovietengines,shuttle-stylethermalprotectiontilesandanelaborateparachutesystem.Thefirstpassengercountdownsarestillyearsaway,butbureaucratsattheFederalAviationAdministrationinWashingtonarealreadyinformallydiscussingflightregulations.Afterall,youcan\'tbetooprepared,foratriptothatgalaxyfar,faraway.Forthosewhoareintentonjoiningthe100-milehighclub,HiltonandBudgetareplottingtobuildspacehotels.BeforetheRussianspaceshipMircamedown,somepeopleweretalkingaboutusingitasalow-rentspacehoteltoreducethecost.Ifaspacehotelisfinallybuiltinspace,andifyouarethinkingofstayinginit,youmaywanttochecktheMichelinratingsbeforebookingyourselfasuite.WecaninferfromthecontextthattheMichelinratingscanhelppeopletofindpricesofhotels.【单选题】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

依据是文章最后一句话：

如果太空旅馆最终在太空建立，而你又正在考虑住在里边，在预定房间之前你或许想查看一下Michelin参数。

5、TheSmogForoveramonth,Indonesiawasincrisis.Forestfiresragedoutofcontrolasthecountrysuffereditsworstdroughtfor50years.Smokefromthefiresmixedwithsunlightandhotdryairtoformacloudofsmog.ThispollutionquicklyspreadandwithindaysitwashangingoverneighboringcountriesincludingMalaysia,SingaporeandThailand.Whenthesmokecombinedwithpollutionfromfactoriesandcars,itsoonbecamepoisonous.DangerousamountsofCObecametrappedunderthesmogandpollutionlevelsrose.Peoplewheezed（喘息）andcoughedastheyleftthehouseandtheireyeswateredimmediately.Thesmogmadeitimpossibletosee