英语阅读训练归纳概括主题.docx
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英语阅读训练归纳概括主题
英语阅读训练--归纳概括主题
（TitleandMainIdea）
归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解,总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。
要做好这类题考生必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木, 更看到森林；要跳出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。
找出主题句（topicsentence）是一个有用的方法。
中心意思（mainidea）通常是一个完整的句子，它应能全面准确地概括文章的中心主旨；最佳题目（thebesttitle）可以是一个短语词组，它除能概括文章的中心主旨外，还有吸引读者，引发阅读兴趣的任务。
考察文章主题的提问方式常用的有：
①Thesubjectofthepassageis________.
②Themainideais________.
③Thetitleis________.
④Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.
⑤Whattopicistreatedinthispassage________.
⑥Thepointofthepassageisthat________.
⑦What’sthetopicofthefirstparagraph?
⑧Thebestheadlineforthepassagewouldbe________.
⑨Whichtitlebestgivestheideaofthepassage?
⑩What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?
1.主题句位于段首
其特点是演绎式，开门见山提出论点，再分别说明。
例如：
Peoplehaveknownaboutgoldforaverylongtime（主题句）.Theearlycavepeopleknewofgold（论据）.Goldcupswereusedbypeoplewholivedmorethan5,000yearsago（论据）.GoldnecklacesandotherthingsmadeofgoldhavebeenfoundinEgypt.Theyarealsomorethan5,000yearsold（论据）.
Q:
Themainideaofthepassageis________.
A.goldiswidelyused
B.manythingscanbemadeofgold.
C.goldwasknownbypeoplelongtimesago.
D.goldwasfound5,000yearsago
[分析]第一句是文章的主题句，其后分3个论据来论叙这一主题。
答案C与文章主题同义。
在阅读中要注意，所有用语证明论点的根据和理由都应具一定的逻辑关系。
我们可以按照这种逻辑关系推断出结论。
2.主题句位于段尾
其特点是归纳式，即细节在前，概括在后。
例如：
Oneofthemostimportantusesofgoldisformoney.Goldcanbeusedtomakerings,earrings,andotherthings.Goldisalsousedtomakegoldleaf,averyflatribbon（带）ofgoldthatisoftenusedonpictureframes.Cupsanddishescanalsobemadefromgold.Goldhasmanyuses.
Q:
Thebesttitleofthispassageis________.
A.themostimportantusesofgold
B.wideusesofgold
C.manythingsmadeofgold
D.theimportanceofgold.
[分析]这一段是从金子最主要的用途谈起，然后用also,often等词列举出其他用途，最后归纳出“goldhasmanyuses”这一主题，与B选项一致。
3.主题句位于段中
其特点是：
引题—主题—解释或提问—回答—解释。
例如：
Aportisaplacewhereshipsstaywhentheyarenotsailing.Shipsusuallyloadorunloadataport.So,aspaceportisaplacewhere“spaceships”staywhentheyarenotflying.Ithasspecialbuildingswherethespaceshipsarekept.Italsohassuppliesneededforspacetravel.
Q:
Thepassagemainlytellsus________.
A.whataspaceportis
B.thataportisaplacewhereshipsstay
C.thataspaceportisaspecialbuilding
D.whataportandaspaceportare
[分析]本段是由“港口是船不航行时停留的地方”这一人人都明白的概念引出“宇航港是宇宙飞船不飞行时停留的地方”这一抽象难懂的概念，进而加以解释。
其中心就是向人们介绍什么是宇航港，所以A选项是主题。
4.首尾呼应的主题句
通常是指文章开头和结尾相互对应。
了解这一点有利于根据文章开头和结尾进行综合推理。
例如：
ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1,000peoplebittenbysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebitesthatledmetothiscareer.”hesaid.
·································
“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shusaid.
Q:
Whatdoyouthinkthewritertalksaboutinthemissingpartofthearticle?
A.Thesadstoryofthepeoplebittenbysnakes.
B.HowdidShuhelpthepeople?
C.WhydidShuhelpthepeople?
D.HowmuchdidShulikehiscareer?
[分析]从文章开头“看到被蛇咬伤的人们使我选择了这一职业”和段末“这悲惨的故事使我如此震动，因此我决定把一生献给这些人们”可以看出本文的主题是“苏普龙如何成为蛇医”。
那么中间一段是说明“那悲惨的故事”的，答案是A。
5.无主题句
依据文中事实，细节，观点，综合归纳成一般概念。
例如：
Goodafternoon.Thisisyourcaptainspeaking.Wehavebeenwarnedofthedangerofstrongairturbulenceaheadforthenextfortymilesorso.Passengersarethereforestronglyaskedtoremainintheirseatswiththeirseatbeltonfortheirsafetyandnottousetherestroomsduringthatdangerousperiodifatallpossible.Duringthetimeyoungchildrenshouldbefirmlyfastenedintotheirseats.
Pleaseobservetheseprecautionuntiltheseatbeltwarringsignhasgoneoff.Lunchwillbeservedafterwehavepassedthroughtheairturbulencezone.Thankyou.
Q:
Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.
A.TheCaptainandthePassengers
B.SomethingAbouttheStrongAirTurbulence
C.ForyourOwnSafety
D.Don’tMoveAroundandKeepStill
[分析]此文是一篇广播通知，告知旅客飞机可能遇到强气流前的注意事项，完全出于安全考虑，由此可判断此文的中心是选项C所给内容。
此问不是知识介绍，不选B。
答案D中心不突出，不明确，旅客一听或许以为是飞机被劫持了。
ReadingTrainingCourse
Paragraph1
Whatarethetallestplantsintheworld?
ManypeoplewouldsaythatgiantredwoodtreesofCalifornia.Actually,thetallestplantsareintheoceans.Theseareseaweedsthatgrowalmostsevenhundredfeettall.Comparedtothisheight,thegiantredwoodsarepygmiesofonlyfourhundredfeet.Togetsomeideaoftheseheights,considertheStatueofLiberty.Thishugefigurerisesonlythreehundredfeet.
1.Thepassagecanbeentitled__________.
A.RedwoodsinCaliforniaB.TheStatueofLiberty
C.SeaweedD.TheTallestPlants
Paragraph2
Wethinkofafloodoranearthquakeasanaturaldisaster.Tomanyofnature'sanimals,however,thegreatestdisasteristhecomingoflargenumbersofhumans.WhensettlerscamefromtheEasttoAmerica'sgreatwesternplains,theykilledmillionsofbison,poisonedtheprairiedogs,andshotthecoyotes.Allthisupsetthearea'sbalanceofnature.Fortheanimals,itwasworsethanafloodorearthquake.
2.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.NatureBalanceItselfB.FloodsandEarthquakes
C.AmericanSettlersD.Humans--aDisastertoNature
Paragraph3
Whenapieceofpaperburns,itiscompletelychanged.Theashthatisleftbehinddoesnotlookliketheoriginalpieceofpaper.Whendull-redrustappearsonapieceoftinware（锡制品）,itisquitedifferentfromthegleamingtin.Thetarnishthatformsonsilverwareisanewsubstanceunlikethesilveritself.Animaltissue（组织）isunlikethevegetablesubstancefromwhichitismade.Achangeinwhichtheoriginalsubstanceisturnedintoadifferentsubstanceiscalledachemicalchange.
5.Theauthorwritesthispassagetotellus_________.
A.howpaperburnsB.thatdull-redontinwareisunliketinitself
C.thatanimaltissueisdifferentfromplant'sD.whatachemicalchangeis
Paragraph4
OneofthemostimportantweaponsusedduringtheSecondWorldWarwasnotaweaponusedagainstpeople,butratheradrugusedagainstdisease.Thewartimeuseofpenicillinsavedthousandsoflives.IntheFirstWorldWar,forexample,pneumoniawasresponsibleforeighteenpercentofallthedeathsintheUnitedStatesarmy.IntheSecondWorldWar,theratewentdowntolessthanonepercent.Inaddition,penicillinwasinstrumentalinkeepingwoundsfromgettinginfectedandinhelpingtospeedthehealingprocessofthosewoundsthatdidbecomeinfected.
1.whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.ADangerousWeaponB.GunsintheSecondWorldWar
C.ATerriblePneumoniaD.AnImportantDrug
Paragraph5
Itispossibletodomanysimpletrickswithnumbers.Hereisonetrick.Ithasseveralseparatesteps.
First,writedownyourhousenumber.Forexample,ifyouraddressis73LemonStreet,youwouldwritedown73.Afteryouwritedownyourhouseaddress,nextdoubleit.Thenaddfivetothisdoublednumber.Forexample,ifyouraddresswas73andyoudoubledit,youwouldget146.Then,ifyouaddedfive,you'dget151. Thenmultiplythisnumberby50.Inourexamplehere,you'llget7550.Thenextstepistoaddyouragetothistotal.Forexample,ifyou're26yearsold,youshouldadd26tothistotal.Inourexamplehere,theresultwouldbe7576.Afterthatyouhavetoaddthenumberofdaysinayear,whichis365.Inourexamplehere,365addedto7576is7941.
Thefinalstepisthis:
Subtract615fromthenumberthatyouhave.Takeaway615fromthetotal,Inourexample,7941minus615is7326.
Theresulthere-7326-isthetrick.Thefirstpartofthenumberistheaddressandthelastpartofthenumberistheageoftheperson.Thatis,73istheaddressthatwestartedwith,and26istheagethatweused.
5.Thebesttitleofthepassageis__________.
A.ThenumbertricksB.Atrickwithnumbers
C.AninterestingproblemD.Howtoworkoutadifficulttrick
Passage6
AnAustralianwildlifeparkattendantsurvivedacrocodileattackafterherfatherjumpedonthehugecrocodile'sbackanddugoutitseyesasthehorrifiedtouristslookedon.
KarlaBredl,21,wasinafairlygoodconditioningoodcareinhospitalwithabrokenbone,abrokenlegandsomeinjuriesaftertheattack.
The4.5-metrecrocodilecaughtKarlaBredlaroundthelegandthenthewaistwhenshefellduringacrocodilefeedingshowfortourists.
Karla'sfatherseizedalong-handledtoolandbeatthecrocodileabouttheheadtoforceittoletgoofher,butthetoolwasdoingnothing.Sohejumpedonitsbackandstuckhisfingersinitseyesandthecrocodileletgoofher.
1.Thebesttitleofthepassageis_________.
A.TheHatefulCrocodileB.FatherSavedDaughter'sLife
C.ATerribleAccidentD.TheDangerousPlace
猜词法（MeaningsGuess）
该题型常见的设题方式有:
⏹1.Theword________couldbestbereplacedby________.
⏹2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword________.
⏹3.By______thewritermeans________.
⏹4.Inthe______paragraph,theword"_______"means（refersto）_______.
⏹5.Theunderlinedword_______isclosestinmeaningto_______.
方法1：
定义，解释法（Definition）
通过下定义的方法，来解释说明某个生词或短语的意义。
信息词：
is,was,means,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,referto...
☐1.Abiographyisthestoryofaperson'slifewrittenbyanother.
☐2.Toboycottastoremeanstorefusetoshopinthestore.
[No.1]（NMET1998B篇）Hewasoneof80middleschoolstudentsfromChinaattendingamonth-long"YouthSummit".........TheYouthSummitwasaimedatincreasingunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenyoungstudentsofthetwocountriesthroughvisitsanddiscussion.
55.Thewords"YouthSummit"referto
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