M12车辆工程王强.docx

M12车辆工程王强.docx

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M12车辆工程王强

Theautosteeringsystemresearch

Alongwithautomobileelectronictechnologyswiftandviolentdevelopment,thepeoplealsodaybydayenhancetothemotorturninghandlingqualityrequest.Themotorturningsystemhanged,thehydraulicpressureboostfromthetraditionalmachinerychanges（HydraulicPowerSteering,iscalledHPS）,theelectricallycontrolledhydraulicpressureboostchanges（ElectronicHydraulicPowerSteering,iscalledEHPS），developstheelectricallyoperatedbooststeeringsystem（ElectronicPowerSteering,iscalledEPS）,finallyalsowilltransittothelinecontrolsthesteeringsystem（SteerByWire,willbecalledSBW）.

Themachinerysteeringsystemisrefersbypilot'sphysicalstrengthachievementchangestheenergy,inwhichallpowertransmissionallismechanical,theautomobilechangesthemovementisoperatesthesteeringwheelbythepilot,transmitsthroughthediverterandaseriesofmemberschangesthewheeltorealize.Themechanicalsteeringsystembychangesthecontrolmechanism，thediverterandmajorpartchangesthegearing3tobecomposed.

Usuallymaydivideintoaccordingtothemechanicaldiverterform:

Thegearracktype,followsroundtheworld-like,thewormhearingadjusterhooptype,thewormbearingadjusterreferssellsthetype.Isthegearracktypeandfollowsusingthebroadesttwokindsroundtheworld-like（usesinneedingtimebigsteeringforce）.Infollowsroundtheworld-likeinthediverter,theinputchangesthecircleandtheoutputsteeringarmpivotangleisproportional;Inthegearracktypediverter,theinputchangestheturnandtheoutputrackdisplacementisproportional.Followsroundtheworld-likethediverterbecauseistherollingfrictionform,thusthetransmissionefficiencyisveryhigh,theeaseofoperationalsotheservicelifearelong,moreoverbearingcapacity,thereforewidelyappliesonthetruck.Thegearracktypediverterwithfollowsroundtheworld-likecompares,themostmajorcharacteristicistherigidityisbig,thestructurecompactweightislight,andalsothecostislow.Becausethiswaypassesoneasilybythewheelthereactingforcetothesteeringwheel,thereforehastothepavementbehaviorresponsekeenmerit,butsimultaneouslyalsoeasytohavephenomenaandsoongoonandoscillation,alsoitsloadhearingefficiencyrelativeweak,thereforemainlyappliesonthecompactcarandthepickuptruck,atpresentthemajorityoflowendpassengervehicleusesisthegearracktypemachinerysteeringsystem.

Alongwiththevehiclescarryingcapacityincreaseaswellasthepeopletothevehicleshandlingqualityrequestenhancement,thesimplemechanicaltypesteeringsystemwerealreadyunabletomeettheneeds,thepowersteeringsystemariseatthehistoricmoment,itcouldrotatethesteeringwheelwhilethepilottoprovidetheboost,thepowersteeringsystemdividesintothehydraulicpressuresteeringsystemandtheelectricallyoperatedsteeringsystem2kinds.Hydraulicpressuresteeringsystemisatpresentusesthemostwidespreadsteeringsystem.

Thehydraulicpressuresteeringsystemincreasedthehydraulicsysteminthemechanicalsystemfoundation,includinghydraulicpump,Vshapehandpulley,drilltubing,feedinstallment,boostinstallmentandcontrolvalve.Itwiththeaidofinthemotorcarenginepoweractuationhydraulicpump,theaircompressorandthegeneratorandsoon,bythefluidstrength,thephysicalstrengthortheelectricpowerincreasesthepilottooperatethestrengthwhichthefrontwheelchanges,enablesthepilottobepossiblenimblytooperatemotorturningfacilely,reducedthelaborintensity,enhancedthetravelsecurity.

Thehydraulicpressurebooststeeringsystemfrominventedalreadyhadabouthalfcenturyhistorytothepresent,mightsaywasonekindofmoreperfectsystem,becauseitsworkreliable,thetechnologymaturestillwidelyisapplieduntilnow.Ittakesthepowersupplybythehydraulicpump,afteroilpipe-linecontrolvalvestopowerhydrauliccylinderfeed,throughtheconnectingrodimpetusrotationgearmovement,maychangestheboostthroughthechangecylinderboreandtheflowingtubingheadpressuresizethesize,fromthisachievedchangestheboostthefunction.Thetraditionalhydraulicpressuretypepowersteeringsystemmaydivideintogenerallyaccordingtotheliquidflowform:

Ordinaryflowtypeandatmosphericpressuretype2kindoftypes,alsomaydivideintoaccordingtothecontrolvalveformtransfersthevalvetypeandtheslide-valvetype.

Alongwithhydraulicpressurepowersteeringsystemonautomobiledailypopularization,thepeopletooperateswhentheportabilityandtheroadfeelingrequestalsodaybydayenhance,howeverthehydraulicpressurepowersteeringsystemhasmanyshortcomingsactually:

1Becauseitsitselfstructurehaddecideditisunabletoguaranteevehiclesrotatesthesteeringwheelwhenanyoperatingmode,allhastheidealoperationstability,namelyisunablesimultaneouslytoguaranteetimethelowspeedchangestheportabilityandthehighspeedtimeoperationstability;2Theautomobilechangesthecharacteristictodrivethepilottechnicaltheinfluencetobeserious;3thesteeringratioisfixed,causesthemotorturningresponsecharacteristicalongwithchangesandsoonvehiclespeed,transverseaccelerationtochange,thepilotmustaimatthemotorturningcharacteristicpeak-to-peakvalueandthephasechangeaheadoftimecarriesoncertainoperationcompensation,thuscontrolstheautomobileaccordingtoitswishtravel.Likethisincreasedpilot’soperationburden,alsocausesinthemotorturningtravelnottohavethesecurityhiddendanger;Buthereafterappearedtheelectricallycontrolhydraulicboostersystem,itincreasesthevelocitygeneratorinthetraditionalhydraulicpressurepowersteeringsystemfoundation,enablestheautomobilealongwiththevehiclespeedchangeautomaticcontrolforcesize,hastoacertainextentrelaxedthetraditionalhydraulicpressuresteeringsystemexistencequestion.

Atpresentourcountryproducesonthecommercialvehicleandthepassengervehicleusesmostlyistheelectricallycontrolledhydraulicpressurebooststeeringsystem,itisquitematureandtheapplicationwidespreadsteeringsystem.Althoughtheelectricallycontrolledhydraulicservoalleviatedthetraditionalhydraulicpressurefromcertaindegreetochangebetweentheportabilityandtheroadfeelingcontradiction,howeveritdidnothavefundamentallytosolvetheHPSsystemexistenceinsufficiency,alongwithautomobilemicroelectronictechnologydevelopment,automobilefueloilenergyconservationrequestaswellasglobalinitiativeenvironmentalprotection,itinaspectandsoonarrangement,installment,leak-proofquality,controlsensitivity,energyconsumption,attritionandnoiseinsufficienciesalreadymoreandmoreobvious,thesteeringsystemturnedtowardstheelectricallyoperatedbooststeeringsystemdevelopment.

Theelectricallyoperatedbooststeeringsystemisthepresentmotorturningsystemdevelopmentdirection,itsprincipleofworkis:

HPSsystemKCUaftercomesfromthesteeringwheeltorquesensorandthevehiclespeedsensorsignalcarriesonanalysisprocessing,controlstheelectricalmachinerytohavethesuitableboosttorque,assiststhepilottocompletechangestheoperation.Inthelastfewyears,alongwiththeelectronictechnologydevelopment,reducesEPSthecosttobecomelargescalepossibly,Japansendsthecarcompany,MitsubishiCarcompany,thisfieldcarcompany，US'sDelphiautomobilesystemcompany,TRWCorporationandGermany'sZFCorporationgreatlyalloneafteranotherdevelopsEPS.Mercedes2BcnzSiemensAutomotiveTwobigcompaniesinvested65,000,000poundstouseindevelopingEPS,thegoalaretogetherloadacarto2002,yearlyproduce300tenthousandsets,becametheglobalEPSmanufacturer.Sofar,theEPSsystemintheslightpassengervehicle,onthetheaterboxtypevehicleobtains（hiswidespreadapplication,andeveryyearby300tenthousandspeeddevelopment.

Steeringisthetermappliedtothecollectionofcomponents,linkages,etc.whichallowforavessel（ship,boat）orvehicle（car）tofollowthedesiredcourse.Anexceptionisthecaseofrailtransportbywhichrailtrackscombinedtogetherwithrailroadswitchesprovidethesteeringfunction.

Themostconventionalsteeringarrangementistoturnthefrontwheelsusingahand-operatedsteeringwheelwhichispositionedinfrontofthedriver,viathesteeringcolumn,whichmaycontainuniversaljointstoallowittodeviatesomewhatfromastraightline.Otherarrangementsaresometimesfoundondifferenttypesofvehicles,forexample,atillerorrear-wheelsteering.Trackedvehiclessuchastanksusuallyemploydifferentialsteering—thatisthetracksaremadetomoveatdifferentspeedsoreveninoppositedirectionstobringaboutachangeofcourse.

Manymodemcarsuserackandpinionsteeringmechanisms,wherethesteeringwheelturnsthepiniongear;thepinionmovestherack,whichisasortoflineargearwhichmesheswiththepinion,fromsidetoside.Thismotionappliessteeringtorquetothekingpinsofthesteeredwheelsviatierodsandashortleverarmcalledthesteeringarm.

Olderdesignsoftenusetherecirculatingballmechanism,whichisstillfoundontrucksandutilityvehicles.Thisisavariationontheolderwormandsectordesign;thesteeringcolumnturnsalargescrew（the"wormgear"）whichmesheswithasectorofagear,causingittorotateaboutitsaxisasthewormgearisturned;anarmattachedtotheaxisofthesectormovesthepitmanarm,whichisconnectedtothesteeringlinkageandthussteersthewheels.Therecirculatingballversionofthisapparatusreduce